scholarly journals Effects of Residence Time, Auto-Fertility and Pollinator Dependence on Reproductive Output and Spread of Alien and Native Asteraceae

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Corli ◽  
Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Common Garden Experiment

Alien plants benefit from auto-fertility to spread over areas where the lack of co-evolved mutualists would otherwise limit invasion success. However, the widespread generalists among mutualists and their large geographical ranges allow alien plants to be integrated into networks. The role of residence time also has to be accounted for, as it takes time for a species to spread and adapt to a new area. We investigated how residence time, auto-fertility and pollinator dependence affect reproductive output and invasion success of Asteraceae in Germany. We conducted a multi-species common-garden experiment along an alien–native continuum including 42 species of natives, archaeophytes and neophytes (casual and established), subjecting plant individuals either to free access or exclusion of pollinators. Pollinator dependence does not play a crucial role in invasion success, with most Asteraceae being able to self-fertilize. Surprisingly, both established neophytes and natives showed higher abilities to self-fertilize, while archaeophytes and casual neophytes were more attractive to pollinators. In contrast to casual neophytes, the established neophytes’ strategy was associated with a large reproductive output. Yet, auto-fertility was not associated with range size, since archaeophytes reached the largest range sizes. Elucidating how breeding systems affect invasion success is crucial for predicting and managing invasions.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of herbivory and the level and fluctuations of nutrient availability on dominance of alien plants in synthetic native communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Yingzhi Gao ◽  
Mark van Kleunen ◽  
Yanjie Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Other Hand

Numerous studies have tested the fluctuating resource hypothesis and highlighted the role of nutrient availability and fluctuations therein for invasion success of alien plants. Others have tested the enemy-release hypothesis and highlighted the role of herbivores in invasion success. However, how herbivory and the level and fluctuations in nutrient availability interact in driving alien plant invasion into resident communities remains largely unexplored. We grew eight invasive alien species as target species in pot‐mesocosms with five different synthetic native communities in a three-factorial design with two levels of nutrient availability (low vs high), two levels of nutrient fluctuations (constant vs pulsed) and two levels of herbivory (with vs without). Increases in nutrient availability, irrespective of whether it was constant or pulsed, significantly increased the absolute biomass production of the alien and native plants. The presence of herbivores, on the other hand, significantly decreased the biomass production of plants, in particular under high-nutrient availability. The relative biomass production of the alien target plants, on the other hand, decreased in response to an increase in nutrient availability, and increased in response to the presence of herbivores. We also found tentative evidence that herbivory could interact with changes in nutrient availability and nutrient fluctuations to affect the dominance of the alien target species (a marginally significant interaction; 90% CIs: [0.133, 2.745]). Our multispecies experiment indicates that herbivory could mediate the interactive effect of nutrient enrichment and variability in nutrient supply on invasion of alien plants into native communities. Therefore, we recommend that studies testing the fluctuating resources hypothesis should also consider interactive effect of other trophic levels.

Phenotypic plasticity in hybridizing Carpobrotus spp. (Aizoaceae) from coastal California and its role in plant invasion

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1411-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald Weber ◽  
Carla M D'Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis ◽  
Hybrid Classes ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Physiological Characters

Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N. E. Br., an exotic perennial that invades the coastal habitats of California, hybridizes with the presumed native Carpobrotus chilensis (Mol.) N. E. Br. To investigate the potential role of hybrids in the invasion process by C. edulis, we compared the growth and plasticity of clones of hybrids and parental species. Ramets of three hybrid classes and both parental species were grown in a common garden with four different environments. Both the parental species and the hybrids exhibited strong plastic responses to the test environments for characters describing clonal growth and physiology. Carpobrotus edulis consistently had the largest biomass, but C. chilensis produced longer branches. Carbon isotope ratios (<$QFD0E00000010446D80BFFEFF88A6750DA8D9C8282ADCC6210090483DA6ECD7658F80>13C) showed only weak differences among morphotypes. Hybrids were mostly intermediate relative to parental species in both growth and physiological characters. The intermediacy of hybrids in their response to environmental variation indicates that they do not have inferior growth compared with parental species. The high amount of plasticity of the hybrids and C. edulis, as well as their overall similarity, may account for their invasion success in different habitats of coastal California.

Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-8 films : Crucial role of growth-induced linear defects in microwave properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (PR11) ◽  
pp. Pr11-47-Pr11-52
Author(s):  
V. M. Pan ◽  
V. S. Flis ◽  
V. A. Komashko ◽  
O. G. Plys ◽  
C. G. Tretiatchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Microwave Properties ◽  
Linear Defects

ANALISIS YURIDIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI BLORA TENTANG DUALISME KEPENGURUSAN YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM KARTAYUDA YANG AKTA PENDIRIANNYA DIBUAT OLEH DAN DIHADAPAN NOTARIS (Studi Kasus Putusan Perkara PN Blora No. 34/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bla)

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Muslim Ansori ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Right

With the enactment of the Education System Act no 20 of 2003 (better known as the Sisdiknas Act), the State has determined that educational institutions should have a legal umbrella in the form of a legal entity, or better known as the Legal Entity Education. As a non-profit organization, the Foundation is the right legal entity that becomes a place for educational institutions, especially private schools. Therefore, of course, Notary has a very crucial role in making notary deed in the form of establishment and deed of change, such as example how in making the right basic budget and not multi interpresatasi for stake holders in the foundation. Therefore, the role of function and authority of the organ of the foundation must be clearly stated in the articles of association, so as not to cause a dispute in the future.KEYWORDS: Notaries, Foundation, Organ Foundation,

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