scholarly journals Blue Light added with Red LEDs Enhance Growth Characteristics, Pigments Content, and Antioxidant Capacity in Lettuce, Spinach, Kale, Basil, and Sweet Pepper in a Controlled Environment

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Most Naznin ◽  
Mark Lefsrud ◽  
Valerie Gravel ◽  
Md Azad
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the different combinations of red (R) and blue (B) light emitting diode (LEDs’) lighting effects on growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity in lettuce, spinach, kale, basil, and pepper in a growth chamber. The growth chamber was equipped with R and B light percentages based on total light intensity: 83% R + 17% B; 91% R + 9% B; 95% R + 5% B; and control was 100% R. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), photoperiod, temperature, and relative humidity of the growth chamber were maintained at 200 ± 5 μmol m−2 s−1, 16 h, 25/21 ± 2.5 °C, and 65 ± 5%, respectively. It is observed that the plant height of lettuce, kale, and pepper was significantly increased under 100% R light, whereas the plant height of spinach and basil did not show any significant difference. The total leaf number of basil and pepper was significantly increased under the treatment of 95% R + 5% B light, while no significant difference was observed for other plant species in the same treatment. Overall, the fresh and dry mass of the studied plants was increased under 91% R + 9% B and 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The significantly higher flower and fruit numbers of pepper were observed under the 95% R + 5% B treatment. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content of lettuce, spinach, basil, and pepper was significantly increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment while the chlorophyll content of kale was increased under the 95% R + 5% B light treatment. The total carotenoid content of lettuce and spinach was higher in the 91% R + 9% B treatment whereas the carotenoid content of kale, basil, and pepper was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment. The antioxidant capacity of the lettuce, spinach, and kale was increased under the 83% R + 17% B treatment while basil and pepper were increased under the 91% R + 9% B treatment. This result indicates that the addition of B light is essential with R light to enhance growth, pigment content, and antioxidant capacity of the vegetable plant in a controlled environment. Moreover, the percentage of B with R light is plant species dependent.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of pigment complex functioning of winter wheat plants depending on the fertilizer application method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Z. Bilousova ◽  
◽  
V. Keneva ◽  
Y. Klipakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foliar Treatment ◽  
Pigment Complex

To obtain the maximum yield of winter wheat, it is necessary to further optimize the existing cultivation technologies in the direction of their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. One of the areas of adaptation of plants to adverse abiotic factors is the active functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus, which depends on the amount of nutrients introduced. The influence of fertilizer application on the condition of the pigment complex of winter wheat plants in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. Two varieties of winter wheat were selected for the study: Shestopalivka and Mason. The experiment scheme involved the application of fertilizers at sowing (K0; K12) and foliar treatment with various tank mixtures (urea; urea + magnesium sulfate; urea + magnesium sulfate + potassium monophosphate). The pigment content has been determined by grinding fresh leaves of winter wheat, followed by the addition of a solvent in the form of acetone. Measurements of pigments were performed using a spectrophotometer. According to the research results, it was established that before the foliar treatment the a-chlorophyll content and carotenoids was higher in the plant leaves of the Shestopalivka variety. At the same time, the b-chlorophyll content on the contrary was higher for plants of the Mason variety by 17%, which may be due to the adaptation of plants of this variety to lack of light. On the 3rd day after foliar treatment, a decrease in the pigment content in the plant leaves of all experimental variants has been observed, which was due to the active growth of the photosynthetic surface and a decrease in the total dry matter mass. There was no significant difference between the varieties of the content of photosynthetic pigments in this period. On the 10th day after foliar treatment, an increase in a- and b-chlorophyll content has been observed for both studied varieties, which may be the result of adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of winter wheat plants to lighting conditions. Foliar treatment of winter wheat plants with a tank mixture of urea with magnesium sulfate and potassium monophosphate contributed to a further increase in the content of a-chlorophyll by 12-23%, and b-chlorophyll by 5-37% depending on the variety compared to the control. The results of the research testify to the high efficiency of complex application of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers for foliar treatment of winter wheat plants in the BBCH 31 stage, both against the background of pre-sowing application of potassium fertilizers and without it.

scholarly journals Modification of Yield and Chlorophyll Content in Leaf Lettuce by HPS Radiation and Nitrogen Treatments

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1371-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cary A. Mitchell ◽  
Tina Leakakos ◽  
Tameria L. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

This study evaluated the potential of high photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) from high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, alone or in combination with metal halide (MH) plus quartz iodide (QI) incandescent lamps, to support lettuce growth, with or without N supplementation. Varying exposures to radiation from combined HPS, MH, and QI lamps influenced dry weight gain and photosynthetic pigment content of hydroponically grown `Black-Seeded Simpson' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings. Cumulative leaf dry weight declined with increasing exposure, up to 20 hours per day, to 660 μmol·m-2·s-1 of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from HPS lamps concomitant with constant 20 hours per day of 400 m mol·m-2·s-1 from MH + QI lamps. Leaves progressively yellowed with increasing exposure to radiation from the three-lamp combination, corresponding to lower specific chlorophyll content but not to specific carotenoid content. Lettuce grown under 20-hour photoperiods of 400, 473, or 668 μmolm·m-2·s-1 from HPS radiation alone had the highest leaf dry weight at a PPF of 473 μmol·m-2·s-1. Chlorophyll, but not carotenoid specific content, decreased with each incremental increase in PPF from HPS lamps. Doubling the level of N in nutrient solution and supplying it as a combination of NH4+ and NO3- partially ameliorated adverse effects of high PPF on growth and pigment content relative to treatments using single-strength N as NO3–.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and antioxidant composition of fresh peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) fruits in Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rojas-Garbanzo ◽  
Ana Mercedes Pérez ◽  
Fabrice Vaillant ◽  
María Lourdes Pineda-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Bactris Gasipaes ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Peach Palm ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content ◽  
Significant Difference

Summary The variability of the physicochemical composition, carotenoid and polyphenol contents and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity of fresh peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) fruit was studied with a view to its exploitation as a potential source of bioactive compounds. The variability present in five batches of peach palm fruit obtained from two regions in Costa Rica: Tucurrique (T) and Pérez Zeledón (PZ), was studied. Significant differences were found for fruit weight, length and width amongst the batches studied. The moisture, fat and protein contents of the Tucurrique fruit were significantly lower than those from Pérez Zeledón. No significant difference in starch content was found between any of the batches of peach palm fruit studied. In terms of antioxidant compounds, the total carotenoid content ranged between 109 and 202 µg β-carotene equivalents/g dry weight (dw), while the total polyphenol content varied from 54 to 106 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) /100 g (dw). Both these components presented variability amongst the five batches. The antioxidant capacity was determined by the ORAC method and only the PZ 3 sample presented significant differences from the other four batches. The average hydrophilic antioxidant capacity was 37 ± 7 µmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g (dw). Overall, the peach palm fruit showed potential to be used in the development of functional foods since the variability of the raw peach-palm fruit, determined by applying a principal component analysis, showed that some characteristics of this fruit were not affected by harvest time and showed no differences between the batches from the two areas.

scholarly journals Growth and Physiological Responses of Four Plant Species to Different Sources of Particulate Matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Kei-Jung Kwon ◽  
Uuriintuya Odsuren ◽  
Huong-Thi Bui ◽  
Sang-Yong Kim ◽  
Bong-Ju Park
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and objective: Particulate matter (PM) has a serious impact on health. Recently, studies are conducted to reduce PM in an environmentally friendly way using plants. This study investigated the physiological responses of plants and their ability to remove PM by continuously spraying different PM sources (loam, fly ash, carbon black) to four native plant species, such as Iris sanguinea, Pteris multifida, Vitis coignetiae, and Viburnum odoratissimum var. awabuki. Methods: The four plant species were randomly placed in four chambers, and 0.1 g of different PM was injected into each chamber twice a week. We measured chlorophyll, carotenoid, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), total leaf area, amount of leaf wax, PM10 (sPM10) and PM2.5 (sPM2.5) on the leaf surface, and PM10 (wPM10) and PM2.5 (wPM2.5) on the wax layer. Results: For I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae, the sources of PM did not affect the growth response. P. multifida showed high chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid content in carbon black as well as high Fv/Fm and total leaf area, thereby proving that carbon black helped plant growth. By PM sources, sPM10 showed a significant difference in three plant species, sPM2.5 in two plant species, and wPM10 in one plant species, indicating that sPM10 was most affected by PM sources. Conclusion: Carbon black increased the leaf area by affecting the growth of P. multifida. This plant can be effectively used for PM reduction by increasing the adsorption area. I. sanguinea and V. coignetiae can be used as economical landscaping plants since they can grow regardless of PM sources.

scholarly journals STORAGE TIME AND FORCING TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND FLOWERING OF DWARF ASIATIC LILIES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1160e-1160
Author(s):  
Xuri Zhang ◽  
David J. Beattie ◽  
John W. White
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shoot Emergence

Commercially cooled bulbs of five genetically dwarf Asiatic hybrid lilies were stored frozen at -2 C. Every 4 weeks for a total of 40 weeks, they were potted and forced in controlled environment chambers at 10, 15, 20, or 25 C. For each temperature, days from the time of potting to shoot emergence, visible bud appearance, and anthesis generally decreased as storage time increased. The number of flowers per plant and plant height were not significantly affected by storage time. Compared with those at 15, 20, or 25 C, plants at 10 C required significantly more time from potting to shoot emergence, visible bud, and anthesis. However, the temperature effects on forcing time were not linear. There was a 30-50 day decrease from potting to anthesis when temperature was increased from 10 to 15 C, but there was only a decrease of about 10 days when temperature was increased from 15 to 20 C. In contrast, there was no significant difference in forcing time between plants at 20 and 25 C. This indicates there is no need to force these lilies above 20 C. Plants at 25 C had more aborted flower buds than those at 10, 15, or 20 C. Plants at 10 C were taller then those at 15, 20, or 25 C.

scholarly journals Assessment of Selected Landrace and Improved Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes under Stressed and Non-stressed Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
D. Oppong-Sekyere ◽  
B. B. Yintii ◽  
L. A. Akolgo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drought Tolerance Index ◽  
Planting Distance

Drought is one of the most essential and critical abiotic restraints to groundnut production and yields in the Northern Region of Ghana. A field experiment was conducted to assess selected landrace and improved groundnut genotypes for agronomic performance in the 2017 and 2018 minor seasons. Groundnut genotypes were treated under normal irrigation (W/W) and water-stressed (W/S) conditions. A Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was adopted. Total experimental area was 23.4m x 2.4 m with a planting distance of 40 cm x 20 cm for both environments. Data collected include; days to 50% emergence and flowering, plant height at maturity (cm), growth appearance, days to maturity, number of pods/plot, number of seeds/plot, pod weight (g), seed weight (g), fresh and dry biomass weights (g), SPAD chlorophyll meter reading at 60 and 80 days after planting, harvest index (HI) and drought tolerance index (DTI). The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using GenStat, version 12.0, Exploratory Analysis, descriptive Statistics (mean comparison of plant characteristics by varieties at 5% level using Tukey’s groups) was conducted; Correlation Analysis and Multivariate Analyses were performed using the Wilk’s Lambda to test for significant difference at 5% and 1% levels respectively. Means were separated using S.E.D. of means at 95% confidence level. Results from the growth features indicated a higher percentage of the groundnut varieties sprouted earlier under well-watered conditions. There was no significant difference among the groundnuts regarding the numbers of days to flowering. The groundnuts took approximately 104 days after planting to mature under both water conditions. Chlorophyll content and distribution in the groundnut leaves was high the well-watered plants. The chlorophyll content among the groundnut crops showed no significant difference between the chlorophyll content at 60-days after planting and 80-days after planting under the water-stressed condition. However, chlorophyll content of leaves at the 60-days after planting was 2.94 lower than that under 80 days after planting. Maturity and flowering (0.768), as well as plant height and seed yield (0.501) were highly significantly and highly positively correlated. The seed characteristics were also highly, significantly and positively correlated with the pod characteristics of the crop. The biomass measure also correlated with the pod and seed traits. Groundnuts genotypes under well-watered environment generally performed better in terms of yield than those under water-stressed environment.

scholarly journals Morphology and pigment content of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-956
Author(s):  
Asia Bibi ◽  
Shabbir Ejaz ◽  
Sidra Rafique ◽  
Saima Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B

The morphology and pigment contents of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species were studied. In the morphological study, variations were found in stipe, texture, rachis, fronds and sori of these species. Photosynthestic pigment contents of sporophyte and gametophyte of ten species vary to a great extent. Even sporophyte and gametophyte of same species vary in pigment content. Sporophyte revealed higher chlorophyll content than gametophyte. The highest chlorophyll a and b were found in the gametophyte of Cetarach officinarum Gametophyte of Adiantum flabellatum produced maximum anthocyanin whereas minimum anthocyanin content was found in the sporophyte of Cetarach dalhousiae. The highest carotenoid content was obtained from the gametophyte of Cheilanthus albomarginata. Altitudinal variations were also found to affect morphology and pigment content of sporophytes and gametophytes of ten fern species.

scholarly journals Response of Newly Introduced Tomato Cultivars to different levels of potassium fertilizer under controlled Environment condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hussein Noor Aljana
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

The experiment was carried out during growing season (2016-2017) at station of greenhouses, AL-muthanna university- collage of agriculture- second research station (Al-Bander) to study the response of introduced tomato cultivars to different concentrations of potassium under protected agriculture conditions. The research included three cultivars (Pusa ruby - Arka vikash- Arka Alok) and three levels of Potassium Fertilizer (90-180-270 kg/ha-1). The Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial experiment (RCBD) with three replicates. The results showed the superiority of Arka Alok variety over others in plant height 121.76 cm, fruit width 6.82 cm, fruit length 4.23 cm, average fruit weight 130.61g, leaf area 129.5 cm2, the yield per plant 2.16 kg. The potassium level (270 Kg/ha-1) was also significantly higher in plant height 118.79 cm, fruit width 5.477 cm, fruit length 3.536 cm, 84.60 g, leaf area 127.3 cm2, TSS 4.97 and chlorophyll content 406.89 mg.m2 and yield per plant 2.16 kg. While the interaction showed significant difference (Arka Alok × 270 Kg.ha-1) in fruit length was 4.24 cm, chlorophyll content was 374.91 mg. m2 and the yield per plant was 2.82 kg. plant-1

scholarly journals ACCUMULATION OF SODIUM AND CHLORIDE IN DIFFERENT TISSUES OF NAVY AND TEPARY BEANS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 684c-684
Author(s):  
Janice Coons ◽  
Sandra Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Different Tissues

Navy (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and tepary (P. acutifolius Gray) beans were grown hydroponically in a growth chamber with no NaCl or -0.25 MPa NaCl for 9 days beginning 22 days after planting. Chloride and sodium distribution in leaves and roots as well as percent ion leakage as an indication of membrane integrity in leaves were determined. Chloride and sodium levels in NaCl treated plants were significantly higher than in controls. Chloride distribution was not significantly different between plant parts or between plant species. Sodium distribution was significantly different between roots of the two species, but not between leaves of the two species. The navy root tissues contained twice as much sodium as the leaves, whereas, in tepary sodium levels were similar in roots and leaves. Percent ion leakage showed no notable trends relative to plant species or to NaCl treatments, but a significant difference was observed between younger and older leaves on the same plant.

scholarly journals Improved Antioxidant Capacity of Black Tea Waste Utilizing PlantCrystals

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham M. Abraham ◽  
Reem M. Alnemari ◽  
Jana Brüßler ◽  
Cornelia M. Keck
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Waste

Antioxidants are recommended to prevent and treat oxidative stress diseases. Plants are a balanced source of natural antioxidants, but the poor solubility of plant active molecules in aqueous media can be a problem for the formulation of pharmaceutical products. The potential of PlantCrystal technology is known to improve the extraction efficacy and antioxidant capacity (AOC) of different plants. However, it is not yet proved for plant waste. Black tea (BT) infusion is consumed worldwide and thus a huge amount of waste occurs as a result. Therefore, BT waste was recycled into PlantCrystals using small-scale bead milling. Their characteristics were compared with the bulk-materials and tea infusion, including particle size and antioxidant capacity (AOC) in-vitro. Waste PlantCrystals possessed a size of about 280 nm. Their AOC increased with decreasing size according to the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) assays. The AOC of the waste increased about nine-fold upon nanonization, leading to a significantly higher AOC than the bulk-waste and showed no significant difference to the infusion and the used standard according to DPPH assay. Based on the results, it is confirmed that the PlantCrystal technology represents a natural, cost-effective plant-waste recycling method and presents an alternative source of antioxidant phenolic compounds.

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