scholarly journals Differential Physiological Responses to Salt Stress between Salt-Sensitive and Salt-Tolerant japonica Rice Cultivars at the Post-Germination and Seedling Stages

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2433
Author(s):  
Shenghai Ye ◽  
Zhibo Huang ◽  
Guibin Zhao ◽  
Rongrong Zhai ◽  
Jing Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Germination Stage

Soil salinity is a key source of abiotic stress in the cultivation of rice. In this study, two currently cultivated japonica rice species—Zhegeng 78 (salt-tolerant) and Zhegeng 99 (salt-sensitive)—with similar backgrounds were identified and used to investigate their differential responses to salt stress at the post-germination and seedling stages. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of OsSOS1, OsHAK1, and OsHAK5 at the post-germination stage, and the expression of OsHKT1,1, OsHTK2,1, and OsHAK1 at the seedling stage, were significantly higher in the salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 compared with those of the salt-sensitive Zhegeng 99 under salt stress. The significantly lower Na+ net uptake rate at the post-germination and higher K+ net uptake rates at the post-germination and seedling stages were observed in the salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 compared with those of the salt-sensitive Zhegeng 99 under salt stress. Significantly higher activity of peroxidase (POD) and the lower hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation were observed in the salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 compared with those of salt-sensitive Zhegeng 99 under salt stress at the seeding stage. The salt-tolerant Zhegeng 78 might be valuable in future cultivation in salinity soils.

scholarly journals Large-scale integrated evaluation of salt tolerance in japonica rice at the germination stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Jing ◽  
Ping Mi ◽  
Xianzhi Xie ◽  
Baoshan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Stage

Abstract Background: Salt stress, one of the most important abiotic stresses, severely reduces crop yields. Identifying salt-tolerant rice germplasm resources at the germination stage, developing salt tolerance indicators, and cultivating salt-tolerant rice cultivars are crucial for improving rice production in saline soil.Results: We measured the germination parameters of 140 japonica rice cultivars on the 7 day after sowing (DAS) in 0 and 150 mmol L−1 NaCl. To accurately assess salt tolerance and identify reliable indicators of salt tolerance, we measured the shoot length (SL), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), shoot fresh weight (SFW), total fresh weight (TFW) and salt tolerance (STI) index after 7 days of salt-stress treatment. The 140 rice cultivars were divided into four categories based on the mean MFVs: highly salt tolerant (HST: 19 cultivars), salt tolerant (ST: 74 cultivars), weakly salt tolerant (WST: 43 cultivars), and salt sensitive (SS: 4 cultivars). Based on the physiological indicators, we established a mathematical model to accurately evaluate salt tolerance in japonica rice cultivars. STI of TFW under 150 mmol L−1 NaCl treatment showed the highest correlation with salt tolerance during the germination stage.Conclusions: We determined the optimum NaCl concentration (150 mmol L−1) for evaluating salt tolerance in japonica rice at the germination stage. We identified 19 HST, 74 ST, 43 WST, and 4 SS japonica rice cultivars during the germination stage and proposed a mathematical model to evaluate salt tolerance. STI of TFW is a reliable, accurate indicator for evaluating salt tolerance in japonica rice. These findings should greatly facilitate the evaluation of japonica rice cultivars during seed germination and the breeding of salt-tolerant rice cultivars.

scholarly journals   Effects of exogenous proline and trehalose on physiological responses in rice seedlings during salt-stress and after recovery

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Nounjan ◽  
P. Theerakulpisut
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Growth Recovery ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
High Level

Two osmoprotectants (proline &ndash; Pro; trehalose &ndash; Tre) were exogenously supplied to seedlings of rice cvs. Pokkali (PK &ndash; salt-tolerant) and Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105 &ndash; salt-sensitive) to investigate their effects on plants exposed to 200 mmol/L NaCl for 6 days and 5 days after recovery from stress. The reduction of growth, increase in Na<sup>+</sup> to K<sup>+</sup> ratio, high level of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) content, enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase &ndash; SOD, peroxidase &ndash; POX, catalase &ndash; CAT and ascorbate peroxidase &ndash; APX) were observed in both rice cultivars under NaCl treatments. Exogenous Pro and Tre supplement to NaCl-stressed plants did not mitigate the reduction of growth during salt-stress. Nevertheless, during recovery plants previously supplied with Tre showed markedly higher percentage of growth recovery than those treated with NaCl alone or supplied with Pro. The beneficial effect of Tre on growth recovery was clearly demonstrated in KDML105 in which growth enhancement was related to reduction in Na<sup>+</sup> to K<sup>+</sup> ratio. Exogenous Pro was able to reduce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in both cultivars during salt stress whereas Tre could reduce it only in KDML105. Exogenous Tre did not enhance any antioxidant enzymes during stress but enhanced APX activity in KDML105 during recovery. Exogenous Pro enhanced the activity of APX in PK, and POX, CAT and APX in KDML105 during both stress and recovery period. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Generation of New Salt-Tolerant Wheat Lines and Transcriptomic Exploration of the Responsive Genes to Ethylene and Salt Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Ma ◽  
Huajian Zhou ◽  
Xinying Sui ◽  
Chunxue Su ◽  
Yanchong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
The World ◽  
Antenna Proteins ◽  
Wheat Lines

Abstract Background: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop in the world, but is only moderately salt tolerant. However, salt stress affects one-fifth of irrigated agricultural land in the world, it is of great importance to cultivate salt-tolerant varieties to improve the global wheat production. Results: In this study, over 90,000 wheat seeds of cultivar ‘Luyuan502’ were mutated by EMS, and 2000 salt-tolerant lines were harvested from salinized field. By analysis of ethylene sensitivity, salt related physiological factors, and preliminary crop yield, 12 salt-tolerant wheat lines with high production were selected among the crop plants. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a large number of the transcripts levels were significantly altered, mainly based on antenna proteins involved in photosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, cyanoamino acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis pathways including CABs, PERs/PODs, BGLUs, CYP707s, and ZEPs. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expressions of salt-related genes in the wheat lines were mostly higher than the wild type, and salt stress can significantly increase the expression levels of the ethylene-related genes in the wheat lines. Based on transcriptomic data, nine novel wheat ERFs were identified and analyzed, and it is suggested that they may play important roles in mediation of ethylene response and salt tolerance.Conclusion: Salt-tolerant wheat mutant lines with ethylene insensitivity were obtained from screen of a wheat EMS-mutagenized pool. Transcriptome data showed that the mutant plants exhibit significant alterations in the antenna proteins involved in various biological processes. Expression analysis suggests that ERFs may mediate ethylene response and salt tolerance of the wheat lines.

scholarly journals Genome-wide association and differential expression analysis of salt tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L at the germination stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchao Yuan ◽  
Huixian Xing ◽  
Wenguan Zeng ◽  
Jialing Xu ◽  
Lili Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Germination Stage

Abstract Background Salinity is a major abiotic stress seriously hindering crop yield. Development and utilization of tolerant varieties is the most economical way to address soil salinity. Upland cotton is a major fiber crop and pioneer plant on saline soil and thus its genetic architecture underlying salt tolerance should be extensively explored. Results In this study, genome-wide association analysis and RNA sequencing were employed to detect salt-tolerant qualitative-trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes in 196 upland cotton genotypes at the germination stage. Using comprehensive evaluation values of salt tolerance in four environments, we identified 33 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 17 and 7 SNPs under at least two and four environments, respectively. The 17 stable SNPs were located within or near 98 candidate genes in 13 QTLs, including 35 genes that were functionally annotated to be involved in salt stress responses. RNA-seq analysis indicated that among the 98 candidate genes, 13 were stably differentially expressed. Furthermore, 12 of the 13 candidate genes were verified by qRT-PCR. RNA-seq analysis detected 6640, 3878, and 6462 differentially expressed genes at three sampling time points, of which 869 were shared. Conclusions These results, including the elite cotton accessions with accurate salt tolerance evaluation, the significant SNP markers, the candidate genes, and the salt-tolerant pathways, could improve our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms under salt stress tolerance and genetic manipulation for cotton improvement.

scholarly journals Salinity in rose production

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Reis ◽  
Júnia Rafael Mendonça Figueiredo ◽  
Renato Paiva ◽  
Diogo Pedrosa Da Silva ◽  
Camila Vitoria Nunes De Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Rose

The rose is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. However, the cultivation systems used for roses often impose salt stress. Saline conditions occur naturally in some regions or by human activity in others with use of low quality water or excessive fertilizer application. In general, roses are considered sensitive to salinity. However, tolerance levels can be different among roses species and cultivars. Therefore, studies are needed that take into account characteristics of each species and how the exposure to salinity occurs. Management of water and nutrients can be important tools for mitigating the effects of high salt concentrations. Also, advances in biotechnology can be used for a better understanding of the physiological responses to salinity and to develop more salt tolerant rose cultivars. Thus, this paper aims to review the progress made and future prospects of salinity tolerance in commercial rose production.

Distinction and characterisation of salinity tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars as probed by the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and growth parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Pratap Singh ◽  
Ramani Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Salt Tolerant Cultivars

Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits rice productivity worldwide. The problem is intense – particularly in areas with extremely dry and hot climatic conditions. Designing an effective phenotyping strategy requires thorough understanding of plant survival under stress. The investigation was conducted using 12 rice cultivars differing in salinity tolerance. Among these cultivars, seedling survival on day 10 of salt treatment (12 dS m–1) was above 85% during wet season and 75% during dry season in FL478, AC39416, Pokkali and Kamini. Highly salt-tolerant cultivars maintained greater proportion of green leaf and chlorophyll content under salt stress. Unlike sensitive cultivars, tolerant cultivars taken up less Na+ and more K+, resulting in lower Na+ : K+ ratio in leaf and sheath. Normalised chlorophyll a fluorescence data revealed that the Fv/Fm and PIABS values decreased on days 3 and 7, respectively, of salt stress in susceptible rice cultivar. Salinity factor index (SFI) calculated by giving different weights to relative PIABS values after variable days of salinity stress clearly distinguished the level of tolerance among rice cultivars. The SFI can be used for grouping of moderately to highly salt-tolerant cultivars based on their tolerance level. We conclude that maintenance of greater proportion of green leaf, and restricted transport of Na+ to sheath and leaf helps the plant to counteract adverse effects of salinity on rice growth.

scholarly journals The influence of host genotype and salt stress on the seed endophytic community of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denver I. Walitang ◽  
Chang-Gi Kim ◽  
Kiyoon Kim ◽  
Yeongyeong Kang ◽  
Young Kee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Endophytic Community

scholarly journals Responses of Cherry Plant Grafted onto CAB-6P, MaxMa 14 and Mazzard Rootstocks to Short Term Salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Servet Aras ◽  
Ahmet Eşitken
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Permeability Measurement ◽  
Short Term

Salt stress is a common environmental challenge that adversely affects plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of plants to short term salinity. In the current experiment, we investigated morphological and physiological responses of a cherry cultivar (0900 Ziraat) grafted onto three rootstocks (CAB-6P, MaxMa 14 and Mazzard) to 35 mM NaCl stress. After one month, salt stress decreased plant growth of cherry plants. Rootstock, scion and shoot diameters and shoot length significantly decreased with salinity. The higher decrease in membrane permeability under salt stress was found in 0900/MaxMa 14 by 41%. 0900/Mazzard had the highest decline in LRWC by 15%. The results obtained demonstrate that a higher tolerance to short term salt stress was found in 0900 Ziraat grafted onto Mazzard is associated with: lower depression in plant growth, less decrease in chlorophyll content and more stability in cell membranes determined in membrane permeability measurement. Furthermore, the results showed that in the short term, cherry can be considered salt tolerant.

AtSIA1, an ABC1-like kinase, regulates salt response in Arabidopsis

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoyu Yang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jinju Du ◽  
Songguang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Bc1 Complex ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Salt Treatment ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Salt Response ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Fusion Analysis

AbstractAtypical kinase family, ABC1 (the activity of bc1 complex) genes play essential roles in plant growth, development and responses to be environmental stresses. Here, a novel gene, AtSIA1 (A. thaliana Salt-Induced ABC1 kinase 1) was cloned and characterized in Arabidopsis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that it constitutively expressed and mainly induced by salt treatment. AtSIA1-GFP fusion analysis showed that AtSIA1 is localized in chloroplasts. Transgenic plants with overexpression of AtSIA1 show higher tolerance to salt stress than that of the Col-0 and the knock-out mutant sia1 during seedling growth. Taken together, our results suggested that AtSIA1 may be involved in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Exogenous Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione Alleviate Oxidative Stress Induced by Salt Stress in the Chloroplasts of Oryza sativa L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renlei Wang ◽  
Shaohua Liu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Chunxia Ding
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Oxygen Scavenging

The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR)] and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, as well as of endogenous AsA and GSH, in the chloroplasts of two rice cultivars, the salt-tolerant cultivar Pokkali and the salt-sensitive cultivar Peta, were investigated. Exogenous AsA and GSH enhanced SOD, APX, and GR activities, increased endogenous AsA and GSH contents, and reduced those of H2O2 and MDA in the chloroplasts of both cultivars under salt stress (200 mM NaCl), but the effects were significantly more pronounced in cv. Pokkali. GSH acted more strongly than AsA on the plastidial reactive oxygen scavenging systems. These results indicated that exogenous AsA and GSH differentially enhanced salinity tolerance and alleviated salinity-induced damage in the two rice cultivars

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