scholarly journals Botany, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Quinoa

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
M. Iftikhar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Qamar Abbas Syed ◽  
Anum Ishaq ◽  
Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Food Grain

Quinoa is a climate-resilient food grain crop that has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its nutritional composition, phytochemical properties and associated health benefits. Quinoa grain is enriched in amino acids, fiber, minerals, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and vitamins. Quinoa possesses different human-health promoting biological substances and nutraceutical molecules. This review synthesizes and summarizes recent findings regarding the nutrition and phytochemical properties of quinoa grains and discusses the associated biological mechanisms. Quinoa grains and grain-based supplements are useful in treating different biological disorders of the human body. Quinoa is being promoted as an exceptionally healthy food and a gluten-free super grain. Quinoa could be used as a biomedicine due to the presence of functional compounds that may help to prevent various chronic diseases. Future research needs to explore the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects of quinoa that might help to control different chronic diseases and to promote human health.

scholarly journals Elaboration of Gluten-Free Cookies with Defatted Seed Flours: Effects on Technological, Nutritional, and Consumer Aspects

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Elena Martínez ◽  
Rita García-Martínez ◽  
Manuel Álvarez-Ortí ◽  
Adrián Rabadán ◽  
Arturo Pardo-Giménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Elastic Behavior ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Free Products ◽  
Consumer Evaluations ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Seed Flours ◽  
Good Vehicle ◽  
Interesting Alternative

Cookies, which form the largest category of bakery snacks, are considered a good vehicle to introduce nutrients into the diet. In this study, to increase the nutritional value of traditional commercial cookies, wheat flour was substituted with defatted flours made from flax, sesame, chia, and poppy, which are byproducts of the oil extraction industry. The differences in the technological properties, nutritional composition, and consumer acceptance of the reformulated cookies were evaluated. The results show that the wheat cookies used as the control showed a more elastic behavior than the cookies elaborated with defatted seed flours, which showed a greater tendency to crumble. The use of defatted seed flours yielded cookies with a higher content of protein and fiber, and a lower content in carbohydrates than the wheat cookies. Consumer evaluations for the sesame and flax cookies were similar to those for the traditional wheat cookies, with positive assessments on all of the parameters evaluated. On the other hand, the cookies elaborated using chia and poppy flours received the least positive evaluations from consumers. Thus, the use of some defatted seed flours, mainly flax and sesame, is proposed as an interesting alternative to produce health-promoting cookies in order to cover the current demand for gluten-free products.

scholarly journals Taxonomical, Phytochemical, Traditional Explanation, Nutritional Values, and Biological Activities of Certain Edible Medicinal Plants of Tripura, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Bikash Debnath ◽  
Waikhom Somraj Singh ◽  
Sanchari Goswami ◽  
Kuntal Manna
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Edible plants are used as valuable sources of food and medicine to prevent nutritional imbalance, illness, and maintenance of human health. This review covers botanical descriptions, phytochemicals studies, traditional comprehensions, dietary values, and biological activities of ten vegetable plants and eight fruit plants of Tripura, India. The book “The Flora of Tripura State” helps to choose the plant species of Tripura, India and PubMed, NCBI, Google scholar databases have been used to describe the plant species briefly. Literature reveals that all the selected edible plants contain bio-active constituents (alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, etc.) and give dynamic biological activities. All the plants have a high nutritional value. This review believes it will provide significant advances in the prevention of malnutrition and chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Pinus Species as Prospective Reserves of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Use in Functional Food—Current State of Knowledge

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Marcin Dziedziński ◽  
Joanna Kobus-Cisowska ◽  
Barbara Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Few Data

The pine (Pinus L.) is the largest and most heteromorphic plant genus of the pine family (Pinaceae Lindl.), which grows almost exclusively in the northern hemisphere. The demand for plant-based remedies, supplements and functional food is growing worldwide. Although pine-based products are widely available in many parts of the world, they are almost absent as food ingredients. The literature shows the beneficial effects of pine preparations on human health. Despite the wide geographical distribution of pine trees in the natural environment, there are very few data in the literature on the widespread use of pine in food technology. This study aims to present, characterise and evaluate the content of phytochemicals in pine trees, including shoots, bark and conifer needles, as well as to summarise the available data on their health-promoting and functional properties, and the potential of their use in food and the pharmaceutical industry to support health. Various species of pine tree contain different compositions of bioactive compounds. Regardless of the solvent, method, pine species and plant part used, all pine extracts contain a high number of polyphenols. Pine tree extracts exhibit several described biological activities that may be beneficial to human health. The available examples of the application of pine elements in food are promising. The reuse of residual pine elements is still limited compared to its potential. In this case, it is necessary to conduct more research to find and develop new products and applications of pine residues and by-products.

scholarly journals Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile, and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Vivek Saurabh ◽  
Maharishi Tomar ◽  
Muzaffar Hasan ◽  
Sushil Changan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Mango Leaves

Mangifera indica L. belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae and is an important fruit from South and Southeast Asia. India, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Pakistan, Mexico, Brazil, Bangladesh, Nigeria, and the Philippines are among the top mango producer countries. Leaves of the mango plant have been studied for their health benefits, which are attributed to a plethora of phytochemicals such as mangiferin, followed by phenolic acids, benzophenones, and other antioxidants such as flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and tocopherols. The extracts from mango leaves (MLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, lipid-lowering, hepato-protection, and anti-diarrheal. In the present review, we have elaborated on the nutritional and phytochemical profile of the MLs. Further, various bioactivities of the ML extracts are also critically discussed. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of the MLs, they can be used as a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical drugs. However, more detailed clinical trials still needed to be conducted for establishing the actual efficacy of the ML extracts.

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Phytonutrients Are Higher in Grass-Fed Meat and Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan van Vliet ◽  
Frederick D. Provenza ◽  
Scott L. Kronberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

While commission reports and nutritional guidelines raise concerns about the effects of consuming red meat on human health, the impacts of how livestock are raised and finished on consumer health are generally ignored. Meat and milk, irrespective of rearing practices, provide many essential nutrients including bioavailable protein, zinc, iron, selenium, calcium, and/or B12. Emerging data indicate that when livestock are eating a diverse array of plants on pasture, additional health-promoting phytonutrients—terpenoids, phenols, carotenoids, and anti-oxidants—become concentrated in their meat and milk. Several phytochemicals found in grass-fed meat and milk are in quantities comparable to those found in plant foods known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and cardioprotective effects. As meat and milk are often not considered as sources of phytochemicals, their presence has remained largely underappreciated in discussions of nutritional differences between feedlot-fed (grain-fed) and pasture-finished (grass-fed) meat and dairy, which have predominantly centered around the ω-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. Grazing livestock on plant-species diverse pastures concentrates a wider variety and higher amounts of phytochemicals in meat and milk compared to grazing monoculture pastures, while phytochemicals are further reduced or absent in meat and milk of grain-fed animals. The co-evolution of plants and herbivores has led to plants/crops being more productive when grazed in accordance with agroecological principles. The increased phytochemical richness of productive vegetation has potential to improve the health of animals and upscale these nutrients to also benefit human health. Several studies have found increased anti-oxidant activity in meat and milk of grass-fed vs. grain-fed animals. Only a handful of studies have investigated the effects of grass-fed meat and dairy consumption on human health and show potential for anti-inflammatory effects and improved lipoprotein profiles. However, current knowledge does not allow for direct linking of livestock production practices to human health. Future research should systematically assess linkages between the phytochemical richness of livestock diets, the nutrient density of animal foods, and subsequent effects on human metabolic health. This is important given current societal concerns about red meat consumption and human health. Addressing this research gap will require greater collaborative efforts from the fields of agriculture and medicine.

scholarly journals Phycochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Fucus spp.

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Catarino ◽  
Artur Silva ◽  
Susana Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
East Asian Culture ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Polyunsaturated Lipids

Seaweeds are known to be a good supply of key nutrients including carbohydrates, protein, minerals, polyunsaturated lipids, as well as several other health-promoting compounds capable of acting on a wide spectrum of disorders and/or diseases. While these marine macroalgae are deeply rooted in the East Asian culture and dietary habits, their major application in Western countries has been in the phycocolloid industry. This scenario has however been gradually changing, since seaweed consumption is becoming more common worldwide. Among the numerous edible seaweeds, members of the genus Fucus have a high nutritional value and are considered good sources of dietary fibers and minerals, especially iodine. Additionally, their wealth of bioactive compounds such as fucoidan, phlorotannins, fucoxanthin and others make them strong candidates for multiple therapeutic applications (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-obesity, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetes and others). This review presents an overview of the nutritional and phytochemical composition of Fucus spp., and their claimed biological activities, as well as the beneficial effects associated to their consumption. Furthermore, the use of Fucus seaweeds and/or their components as functional ingredients for formulation of novel and enhanced foods is also discussed.

Health-Improving and Disease-Preventing Potential of Camel Milk Against Chronic Diseases and Autism

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-184
Author(s):  
Mo'ez Al-Islam Ezzat Faris ◽  
Hadeel Ghazzawi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Health Promoting

Camel milk has been used as part of the human diet since ancient times. This chapter tries to elaborate the different aspects of nutraceutical functional properties of camel milk, focusing on the nutritional composition, presence of bioactive zoochemicals and peptides, antioxidant nutrients (vitamin C), and health rendering properties of this unique milk. Recent research has identified camel milk as a prophylactic and therapeutic functional food due to its noticeable content of essential macronutrients, namely bioactive functional proteins and peptides, along with its considerable content of essential micronutrients. Indeed, the presence of this unique mixture has shown to be promising contributors to the management and prevention of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, liver and kidney, metabolic syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases in adults, and autism. In vivo, in vitro, and epidemiological and experimental studies were reviewed, and molecular mechanisms were highlighted for better understanding of the health-promoting, disease-preventing potential of camel milk.

scholarly journals Aspects of anthocyanin absorption, metabolism and pharmacokinetics in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin D Kay
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Clearance Kinetics ◽  
Berry Anthocyanins

AbstractInterest in the health-promoting properties of berry anthocyanins is intensifying; however, findings are primarily based onin vitrocharacteristics, leaving mechanisms associated with absorption, metabolism and pharmacokinetics largely unexplored. The present review integrates the available anthocyanin literature with that of similar flavonoids or polyphenols in order to form hypotheses regarding absorption, metabolism and clearance in humans. Of the limited available literature regarding the absorption and clearance kinetics of anthocyanins, maximum plasma concentrations are reported anywhere between 1·4 and 592 nmol/l and occur at 0·5–4 h post-consumption (doses; 68–1300 mg). Average urinary excretion is reported between 0·03 and 4 % of the ingested dose, having elimination half-lives of 1·5–3 h. In addition, much is unknown regarding the metabolism of anthocyanins. The most commonly cited conjugation reactions involved in the metabolism of other flavonoids include glucuronidation, methylation and sulfation. It is reasonable to suspect that anthocyanins are metabolised in much the same manner; however, until recently, there was little evidence to suggest that anthocyanins were metabolised to any significant extent. New evidence now suggests that anthocyanins are absorbed and transported in human serum and urine primarily as metabolites, with recent studies documenting as much as 68–80 % of anthocyanins as metabolised derivatives in human urine. Further research is required to resolve mechanisms associated with the absorption, metabolism and clearance of anthocyanins in order to establish their true biological activities and health effects. The presented evidence will hopefully focus future research, refining study design and propagating a more complete understanding of anthocyanins' biological significance in humans.

scholarly journals Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Leaves: Nutritional Composition, Phytochemical Profile and Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Maharishi Tomar ◽  
Ryszard Amarowicz ◽  
Vivek Saurabh ◽  
M. Sneha Nair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Guava Leaves

Psidium guajava (L.) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and it is an important fruit in tropical areas like India, Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and South America. The leaves of the guava plant have been studied for their health benefits which are attributed to their plethora of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, avicularin, apigenin, guaijaverin, kaempferol, hyperin, myricetin, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and caffeic acid. Extracts from guava leaves (GLs) have been studied for their biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, and hepatoprotection activities. In the present review, we comprehensively present the nutritional profile and phytochemical profile of GLs. Further, various bioactivities of the GL extracts are also discussed critically. Considering the phytochemical profile and beneficial effects of GLs, they can potentially be used as an ingredient in the development of functional foods and pharmaceuticals. More detailed clinical trials need to be conducted to establish the efficacy of the GL extracts.

scholarly journals Research Progression of the Genus Merremia: A Comprehensive Review on the Nutritional Value, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicity

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2070
Author(s):  
Tomi Lois Olatunji ◽  
Ademola Emmanuel Adetunji ◽  
Chijioke Olisah ◽  
Oladayo Amed Idris ◽  
Oluwaseyi Damilare Saliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Animal Use ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

The genus Merremia Dennst. ex Endl. (Convolvulaceae) is a rich source of structurally diverse phytochemicals with therapeutic relevance. This review presents the first comprehensive, up-to-date information and research progression on the nutritional value, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicity of the genus Merremia. Using the key search term “Merremia”, relevant documents and information were retrieved from electronic databases. Relevant documents were uploaded in RStudio with installed bibliometric software packages and used for data retrieval, tabulation, and network visualization. Bibliometric analysis revealed that ca. 55% of the studies related to Merremia were published in the last decade, which can be grouped into four thematic areas: (i) drug formulation, (ii) taxonomy, (iii) chemical analysis, and (iv) treatment of diseases. Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activities studies showed that species in the genus are promising medicinal plants with various pharmaceutical potentials. However, clinical studies to validate the efficacy of the reported bioactivities and the mechanisms underlying the various activities are lacking and should constitute a future research focus. Additionally, reports on the nutritional and antinutritional constituents of Merremia species revealed that the species meet high nutritional quality criteria for animals and are therefore suitable for inclusion in livestock diets. The few available investigations on toxicity indicated that most Merremia species are safe for human and animal use but not with prolonged chronic administration.

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