scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites and Eco-Friendly Techniques for Agricultural Weed/Pest Management

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Araniti ◽  
Marco Landi ◽  
Vito Armando Laudicina ◽  
Maria Rosa Abenavoli
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Weed

In agro-ecosystems, pests (insects, weeds, and other plant’s parasites) compete with crops for edaphic resources, negatively affecting quality and crop yields [...]

scholarly journals Entomopathogens : role of insect pest management in crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
AMAR BAHADUR BAHADUR
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Entomopathogens are microorganisms that pathogenic to insect pest. Several species of naturally occurring viz; fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes, infect a variety of insect pests and play an important role in agricultural crops controlling insect pest management.  This kind of biopesticide has many advantages and alternative to chemical insecticides, highly specific, safe, and environmentally sustainable. Pest problems are an almost inevitable part of agriculture. They occur largely because agricultural systems are simplified and modifications of natural ecosystems. Viruses, bacteria are host specific and fungi generally have broader host range and can infect both underground and aboveground pests, soil-dwelling nature nematodes are more suitable for managing soil pests. Growing crops in monoculture provides concentrated food resource that allows pest populations to achieve higher densities in natural environments. Some of the most important problems occur when pests develop resistance to chemical pesticides. These cause highly significant damage to crops, there are also threats from emerging new strains of pests. Crops cultivation can make the physico-chemical environment more favourable for pest activity. Agricultural pests are reducing the yield and quality of produce by feeding on crops, transmitting diseases. Agricultural production significantly loss crop yields, suggest that improvements in pest management are significant forward for improving yields. Crop growers are under immense pressure to reduce the use of chemical pesticides without sacrificing yields, but at the same time manage of pests is becoming difficult due to pesticide resistance and the decreasing availability of products. Alternative methods are needed urgently. These need to be used as part of Integrated Pest Management safety and environmental impact.  

scholarly journals Insect and Mite Integrated Pest Management in Florida Cotton

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Funderburk ◽  
Nicole Casuso ◽  
Norman C. Leppla ◽  
Michael Donahoe
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Cotton Fields

  Insect and mite pests of cotton feed on cotton roots, leaves, stems, and fruit and reduce plant health and productivity, and, subsequently, cotton crop yields. These pests hide in different places on or within the plant or field, which makes them difficult to find and identify and costly to manage. The purpose of this 14-page guide written by Joseph Funderburk, Nicole Casuso, Norman Leppla, and Michael Donahoe and published by the Department of Entomology and Nematology is to provide Florida cotton growers a selected set of options for integrated pest management of insects and mites in cotton fields. It serves as a reference for cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control of arthropods. The guide includes links to additional UF/IFAS EDIS articles, as well as external sources of information on arthropod management. The guide also contains a searchable table of registered insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides for Florida cotton.­edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1111

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COMPOST ON VEGETABLE CROP NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 509C-509
Author(s):  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
L.M. Reyes ◽  
D.W. Monks ◽  
K.M. Jennings ◽  
F.J. Louws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Total Plant

Tomato, pepper, and cucumber were grown for consecutive years using compost from two North Carolina cities (Lexington and Edenton) and McGill Composts (CMC) sources and CMC amended with Tracoderma 382. Treatments included compost with an untreated control and Telone C-35 (Telone) with and without additional fertilizer. The objective was to evaluate compost influence on yield and pest management. Results showed significant differences between treatments and among years. Cucumber and pepper had higher total and marketable yields in 2005 than in 2004. Although tomato yield was lower in 2005 than in 2004 it was evident that CMC+Telone had a higher marketable and total plant dry weight in both years. Two year data showed that combinations of treatments with CMC and Telone (Telone+fertilizer, CMC+Telone, CMC+T382) produced higher yield for tomato and cucumber. Composts from Lexington and Edenton produced more number 2 grade peppers, but treatments did not differ in total and marketable yield. In general compost treatments with or without amendments showed better results in crop yields than the control. Weed counts by species were determined on all plots. Pepper had the greatest number of weeds relative to cucumber and tomato. Organic amendments seem to increase the action of the compost source in several crops. Combination of treatments may depend on the particular crop.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Secondary Metabolites from Entomopathogenic Fungi for Control Nilaparvata lugens Stål. in the Laboratory Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Endang Warih Minarni ◽  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Agus Suyanto ◽  
Rostaman Rostaman
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål

Nilaparvata lugens Stål. is an essential pest in rice plants. This pest attack can reduce crop yields and even crop failure. This research was conducted to obtain secondary metabolites that are effective in controlling brown planthopper (BPH). A randomized block design was used to test the effectiveness of secondary metabolites against BPH. The treatments tested were secondary metabolites produced by eight isolates of fungi consist of three concentrations: 5, 10, and 15%. Water and imidacloprid insecticide were used as control. The eight isolates were: J11 (Aspergillus sp.), J22 (Lecanicillium saksenae), J34 (Myrothecium sp.), J35 (Beauveria sp.), J41 (Fusarium sp.), J56 (Fusarium sp), J60 (Simplicillium sp.), and J65 (Curvularia sp.). Each treatment was repeated three times. The variables observed were mortality and time of death of BPH. Data were analyzed using the F test and followed by a DMRT if significant differences existed. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of the Lecanicillium saksenae, Myrothecium sp., and Simplicillium sp. fungi effectively controlled BPH pests by 80‒100% within 3.22‒5.47 days. The fungus L. saksenae, Myrothecium sp., and Simplicillium sp. contain insecticidal compounds, clogging the insect spiraculum, antifeedant, repellant, and antimicrobial.

scholarly journals An Economic Examination of an Integrated Pest Management Production System with a Contrast Between E-V and Stochastic Dominance Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley N. Musser ◽  
Bernard V. Tew ◽  
James E. Epperson
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Pesticide Application

Agricultural economists have long recognized pest populations as common property resources, and, as such, pest control through chemical pesticide application involves a tradeoff between increased crop yields and reduced environmental quality (Carlson; Regev et al.). Integrated pest management (IPM) attempts to minimize this tradeoff by substituting pest information and management skills for chemical pesticides. In part, IPM involves monitoring pest populations in order to utilize beneficial biological interactions. Weather patterns, stage of crop growth, and natural biological enemies of pests are among the factors included in IPM. In addition, entomologists have extended the integrated control concept to include selective rather than nonselective pesticide application that is applied only when pest populations exceed the “economic threshold” level (Hall and Norgaard). In an earlier economic analysis of IPM, Hall concluded that the major advantages of IPM are: (1) a substantial reduction in overall pesticide use, (2) no significant reduction in profits, (3) no significant loss of yields, (4) an overall reduction in pest management costs, and (5) a reduction in risk for the producers.

scholarly journals Transition from Conventional to Organic Farming Systems: I. Challenges, Recommendations, and Guidelines for Pest Management

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladis M. Zinati
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Organic Farming Systems

Conventional agricultural systems increase per-area food production, but deplete natural resources and degrade both crop and environmental quality. Many of these concerns are addressed by sustainable agricultural systems, integrated pest management, biocontrol, and other alternative systems. Environmental and social concerns have escalated the need for alternative agricultural systems in the last decade. One alternative, the organic farming system, substitutes cultural and biological inputs for synthetically made fertilizers and chemicals for crop nutrition and pest management. Practices used for crop and pest management are similar during transition from conventional to organic farming systems, but produce is not certified to be organic during the transition period. During the transition from conventional to organic farming, growers may face pest control difficulties and lower yields when conventional practices are abandoned. The objectives of this paper are to 1) give an overview of the reasons for converting to organic farming and the challenges that growers face during the transition period, 2) outline some potential strategies for crop, soil, and pest management, and 3) list guidelines and recommendations for pest management during the transition to organic farming. Implementation of crop and pest management practices depends on geographical location, climate, available onsite resources, and history of the land. During transition, growers rely on cultural mechanisms and on organic and mineral sources to improve soil fertility, to build a population of natural enemies to suppress pest populations. Pest management practices during the transition period that reduce pest populations to economically manageable levels include crop rotation, cultivation, cover crops, mulches, crop diversification, resistant varieties, and insect traps. These practices also enrich the soil biota and increase crop yields before produce is certified organically grown.

scholarly journals Review on the Bio-insecticidal Properties of Some Plant Secondary Metabolites: Types, Formulations, Modes of Action, Advantages and Limitations

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-60
Author(s):  
Ukoroije, Rosemary Boate ◽  
Otayor, Richard Abalis
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antifeedant Activity ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides

Bio-pesticides are biological derived agents that are usually applied in a manner similar to synthetic pesticides but achieve pest management in an environmental friendly way. Bioinsecticides have the advantages of been reportedly eco-friendly both to man and the environment, are target specific, lack problem of residue, least persistent in environment, locally available, easily processed and inexpensive, though with the limitation of requiring repeated applications for the achievement of optimal control of insect pests while enhancing crop protection. The mode of action of bioinsecticides on insects includes repellent action, antifeedant activity, oviposition deterrent properties, growth and development inhibition, toxicity, attractants, sterility and death. Hence, bioinsecticides can be included in integrated pest management programs for crop protection and insect pest control. The review on biopesticidal properties of some plant secondary metabolites in the leaves, stems, bark, fruits, flowers, cloves, rhizomes, grains and seeds of plants and their interference with the growth, feeding, reproduction of insect pestsfor pest management has been elaborated.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COMPOST ON VEGETABLE CROP NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 508A-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Sanders ◽  
L.M. Reyes ◽  
D.W. Monks ◽  
K.M. Jennings ◽  
F.J. Louws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Total Plant

Tomato, pepper and cucumber were grown for consecutive years using compost from two North Carolina cities (Lexington and Edenton) and McGill Composts (CMC) sources and CMC amended with Tracoderma 382. Treatments included compost with an untreated control and Telone C-35 (Telone) with and without additional fertilizer. The objective was to evaluate compost influence on yield and pest management. Results showed significant differences between treatments and among years. Cucumber and pepper had higher total and marketable yields in 2005 than in 2004. Although tomato yield was lower in 2005 than in 2004 it was evident that CMC+Telone had a higher marketable and total plant dry weight in both years. Two year data showed that combinations of treatments with CMC and Telone (Telone+fertilizer, CMC+Telone, CMC+T382) produced higher yield for tomato and cucumber. Composts from Lexington and Edenton produced more number 2 grade peppers, but treatments did not differ in total and marketable yield. In general compost treatments with or without amendments showed better results in crop yields than the control. Weed counts by species were determined on all plots. Pepper had the greatest number of weeds relative to cucumber and tomato. Organic amendments seem to increase the action of the compost source in several crops. Combination of treatments may depend on the particular crop.

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