scholarly journals Chitosan-Induced Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System Counteracts the Adverse Effects of Salinity in Durum Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Filippo Quitadamo ◽  
Vanessa De Simone ◽  
Romina Beleggia ◽  
Daniela Trono
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Peroxide Content ◽  
Anion Production ◽  
Mda Content

The present study was carried out with the aim of (i) evaluating the effect of chitosan (CTS) on the growth of durum wheat under salinity and (ii) examining CTS-regulated mechanisms of salinity tolerance associated with the antioxidant defense system. To achieve these goals, durum wheat seedlings were treated with CTS at different molecular weight, low (L-CTS, 50–190 kDa), medium (M-CTS, 190–310 kDa) and high (H-CTS, 310–375 kDa). The results obtained show that exposure to 200 mM NaCl reduced the shoot and the root dried biomass by 38% and 59%, respectively. The growth impairment induced by salinity was strongly correlated with an increase in the superoxide anion production (5-fold), hydrogen peroxide content (2-fold) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (4-fold). Seedlings responded to the oxidative stress triggered by salinity with an increase in the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total antioxidant activity (TAA) by 67%, 51% and 32%, respectively. A salt-induced increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT) of 89% and 86%, respectively, was also observed. Treatment of salt-stressed seedlings with exogenous CTS significantly promoted seedling growth, with the strongest effects observed for L-CTS and M-CTS, which increased the shoot biomass of stressed seedlings by 32% and 44%, respectively, whereas the root dried biomass increased by 87% and 64%, respectively. L-CTS and M-CTS treatments also decreased the superoxide anion production (57% and 59%, respectively), the hydrogen peroxide content (35% and 38%, respectively) and the MDA content (48% and 56%, respectively) and increased the TPC (23% and 14%, respectively), the TFC (19% and 10%, respectively), the TAA (up to 10% and 7%, respectively) and the CAT activity (29% and 20%, respectively). Overall, our findings indicate that CTS exerts its protective role against the oxidative damages induced by salinity by enhancing the antioxidant defense system. L-CTS and M-CTS were the most effective in alleviating the adverse effect of NaCl, thus demonstrating that the CTS action is strictly related to its molecular weight.

scholarly journals Melatonin Suppressed the Heat Stress-Induced Damage in Wheat Seedlings by Modulating the Antioxidant Machinery

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ali Buttar ◽  
Sheng Nan Wu ◽  
Marino B. Arnao ◽  
Chaojie Wang ◽  
Ikram Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Machinery ◽  
Stress Responsive Genes ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various environmental stresses, including heat stress (HS). In this study, a 100 μM melatonin (MT) pretreatment followed by exposure to heat stress for different time periods was found to efficiently reduce oxidative stress by preventing the over-accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering the lipid peroxidation content (malondialdehyde (MDA) content), and increasing proline (Pro) biosynthesis. Moreover, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), were increased substantially in MT-pretreated wheat seedlings. The presence of MT significantly improved the heat tolerance of wheat seedlings by modulating their antioxidant defense system, activating the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle comprising ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and increasing glutathione reductase (GR) activities. It also held the photosynthetic machinery stable by increasing the chlorophyll content. Enhancement in the endogenous MT contents was also observed in the MT+HS-treated plants. Furthermore, the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes TaSOD, TaPOD, and TaCAT, and anti-stress responsive genes, such as TaMYB80, TaWRKY26, and TaWRKY39, was also induced in MT-treated seedlings. Due to these notable changes, an improvement in stress resistance was observed in MT-treated seedlings compared with control. Taken together, our findings suggest that MT can play a key role in boosting the stress tolerance of plants by modulating the antioxidant defense system and regulating the transcription of stress-responsive genes.

Toxic Effects of Tributyltin and Triphenyhin on Antioxidative Defense System in the Sea Urchin Strongylocentyotus intermedius

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 482-485
Author(s):  
Jia Chen ◽  
Zhong Da Xia ◽  
Xiao Jie Chai ◽  
Li Qiang Zhao ◽  
Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Antioxidative Defense ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Antioxidative Defense System ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of TBT and TPT using sea urchinStrongylocentyotus intermedius. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 days after TBT and TPT exposure, the examinations were taken. The results revealed that administration of TBT and TPT reduced the activities of antioxidants CAT and GPx, while MDA content increased. It was suggested that TBT and TPT were toxin with a variety of deleterious effects on sea urchin, indicating that oxidative injury and antioxidant defense system damage were induced by TBT and TPT.

Lactate and P o 2 Modulate Superoxide Anion Production in Bovine Cardiac Myocytes

Circulation ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal M. Mohazzab-H. ◽  
Pawel M. Kaminski ◽  
Michael S. Wolin
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Anion Production
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