scholarly journals Tomato Bio-Protection Induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 Involves ROS Scavenging Enzymes and PRs, without Compromising Plant Growth

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Ana García-Villaraco ◽  
Lamia Boukerma ◽  
Jose Antonio Lucas ◽  
Francisco Javier Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
Beatriz Ramos-Solano
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Aims: to discover the interrelationship between growth, protection and photosynthesis induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 in tomato (Lycopersicum sculentum) challenged with the leaf pathogen Xanthomonas campestris, and to define its priming fingerprint. Methods: Photosynthesis was determined by fluorescence; plant protection was evaluated by relative disease incidence, enzyme activities by specific colorimetric assays and gene expression by qPCR. Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) scavenging cycle enzymes and pathogenesis related protein activity and expression were determined as metabolic and genetic markers of induction of systemic resistance. Results: N21.4 significantly protected plants and increased dry weight. Growth increase is supported by significant increases in photochemical quenching together with significant decreases in energy dissipation (Non-Photochemical Quenching, NPQ). Protection was associated with changes in ROS scavenging cycle enzymes, which were significantly increased on N21.4 + pathogen challenged plants, supporting the priming effect. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) was a good indicator of biotic stress, showing similar levels in pathogen- and N21.4-treated plants. Similarly, the activity of defense-related enzymes, ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase significantly increased in post-pathogen challenge state; changes in gene expression were not coupled to activity. Conclusions: protection does not compromise plant growth; N21.4 priming fingerprint is defined by enhanced photochemical quenching and decreased energy dissipation, enhanced chlorophylls, primed ROS scavenging cycle enzyme activity, and glucanase and chitinase activity.

scholarly journals Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Ayesha Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
Asma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Growth Development

Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.

scholarly journals Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria induced resistance in Jatropha curcas through phenyl propanoid metabolism against Rhizoctoniabataticola

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
Sushil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Phenyl Propanoid ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The root rot disease in Jatropha curcas L. caused by Rhizoctonia. bataticola (Taub.) Butler has been recorded in causing 10-12 per cent mortality of 20-30 days old seedlings of Jatropha curcasin southern Haryana. The incidence of this disease has also been observed from other parts of Haryana too. Induction of systemic resistance in host plants through microbes and their bioactive metabolites are attaining popularity in modern agricultural practices. Studies on the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria induced resistance in Jatropha curcas through phenyl propanoid metabolism against Rhizoctoniabataticola were undertaken at Chaudhary Charan Singh, Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bawal. Three plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) viz., Pseudomonas maltophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated for their potential to induce systemic resistance in Jatropha against root rot. The maximum increase of 97 per cent in total phenols, 120 per cent in peroxidase, 123 per cent in polyphenol oxidase, 101 per cent in phenylalanine ammonia lyase and 298 per cent in tyrosine ammonia lyase was detected in plants raised with Pseudomonas fluorescens+ Rhizoctoniaba-taticola inoculation in Jatropha curcas at 10 days post inoculation against control except total phenols where it was maximum (99%) at 30 DPI. There was slight or sharp decline in these parameters with age irrespective of inoculations. The pathogen challenged plants showed lower levels of total phenols and enzymes. The observations revealed that seed bacterization with Pseudomonas fluorescens results in accumulation of phenolics and battery of enzymes in response to pathogen infection and thereby induce resistance systemically.

scholarly journals Effects of Sulfur Assimilation in Pseudomonas fluorescens SS101 on Growth, Defense, and Metabolome of Different Brassicaceae

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1704
Author(s):  
Je-Seung Jeon ◽  
Desalegn W. Etalo ◽  
Natalia Carreno-Quintero ◽  
Ric C. H. de Vos ◽  
Jos M. Raaijmakers
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Sulfur Assimilation ◽  
Brassica Crop

Genome-wide analysis of plant-growth-promoting Pseudomonas fluorescens strain SS101 (PfSS101) followed by site-directed mutagenesis previously suggested that sulfur assimilation may play an important role in growth promotion and induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Here, we investigated the effects of sulfur metabolism in PfSS101 on growth, defense, and shoot metabolomes of Arabidopsis and the Brassica crop, Broccoli. Root tips of seedlings of Arabidopsis and two Broccoli cultivars were treated with PfSS101 or with a mutant disrupted in the adenylsulfate reductase cysH, a key gene in cysteine and methionine biosynthesis. Phenotyping of plants treated with wild-type PfSS101 or its cysH mutant revealed that sulfur assimilation in PfSS101 was associated with enhanced growth of Arabidopsis but with a reduction in shoot biomass of two Broccoli cultivars. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that cysH-mediated sulfur assimilation in PfSS101 had significant effects on shoot chemistry of Arabidopsis, in particular on chain elongation of aliphatic glucosinolates (GLSs) and on indole metabolites, including camalexin and the growth hormone indole-3-acetic acid. In Broccoli, PfSS101 sulfur assimilation significantly upregulated the relative abundance of several shoot metabolites, in particular, indolic GLSs and phenylpropanoids. These metabolome changes in Broccoli plants coincided with PfSS101-mediated suppression of leaf infections by Xanthomonas campestris. Our study showed the metabolic interconnectedness of plants and their root-associated microbiota.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Alleviate Arsenic Toxicity in Sophora Viciifolia Hance. by Improving The Growth, Photosynthesis, Reactive Oxygen Species and Gene Expression of Phytochelatin Synthase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
QiaoMing Zhang ◽  
Minggui Gong ◽  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Angran Zhang ◽  
Jiangfeng Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
As Stress ◽  
As Toxicity

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can protect host plants against arsenic (As) toxicity. However, knowledge on the response of woody leguminous under As stress is limited so far. In this study, Sophora viciifolia seedlings were inoculated with/without AMF Rhizophagus intraradices, and S. viciifolia were grown in three levels (0, 50, and 100 mg As kg−1 soil) of As-polluted soil though the potted experiments. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of AMF symbiosis on woody leguminous under As stress. Some physiological and biochemical parameters of S. viciifolia, which included the plant growth, photosynthesis, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression of phytochelatins (PCs), were analyzed. The results showed that As toxicity in soils inhibited the AM colonization rate, plant growth, photosynthesis, increased the oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities, and up-regulated the gene expression of SvPCS1 in the leaves and roots of S. viciifolia seedlings. However, compared with non-inoculated S. viciifolia at the same As level, R. intraradices-inoculated S. viciifolia had higher shoot and root dry weight, plant height, root length, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield (ΦPSII), and photochemical quenching values (qP), as well as lower intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and non-photochemical quenching values (NPQ). R. intraradices inoculation inhibited the malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and O2•– concentrations, but improved the activities of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POD, and CAT) in S. viciifolia leaves and roots. The gene expression of SvPCS1 in the leaves and roots was obviously up-regulated by R. intraradices inoculation. These results demonstrated that R. intraradices inoculation enhanced the As tolerance of S. viciifolia seedlings, owing to the beneficial effects of AMF symbiosis on improving the plant growth, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant enzymes, reactive oxygen species and gene expression of SvPCS1 in S. viciifolia seedlings. R. intraradices is possible to get involved in the defence response of S. viciifolia seedlings against. As toxicity stress. This investigation got more profound insights into As tolerance mechanisms of woody leguminous associated with AMF symbiosis.

scholarly journals Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM223 Increases Potato Yield and Reduces Common Scab Symptoms in the Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (10) ◽  
pp. 1311-1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Arseneault ◽  
Claudia Goyer ◽  
Martin Filion
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Defense Related Gene ◽  
And Control

Common scab of potato, caused by pathogenic Streptomyces spp., is an important disease not efficiently controlled by current methods. We previously demonstrated that Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM223 reduces common scab development under controlled conditions through phenazine-1-carboxylic (PCA) production, leading to reduced thaxtomin A production by the pathogen, a key pathogenicity and virulence factor. Here, we aimed at determining if LBUM223 is able to increase potato yield and control common scab under field conditions, while characterizing the biocontrol mechanisms involved. We investigated if a reduction in pathogen soil populations, activation of induced systemic resistance in potato, and/or changes in txtA gene expression, involved in thaxtomin A biosynthesis in pathogenic Streptomyces spp. were involved in common scab control by LBUM223. Common scab symptoms were significantly reduced and total tuber weight increased by 46% using biweekly applications of LBUM223. LBUM223 did not reduce pathogen soil populations, nor was potato systemic defense-related gene expression significantly altered between treatments. However, a significant down-regulation of txtA expression occurred in the geocaulosphere. This is the first demonstration that a Pseudomonas strain can directly alter the transcriptional activity of a key pathogenesis gene in a plant pathogen under field conditions, contributing to disease control.

scholarly journals Impact of root-associated strains of three Paraburkholderia species on primary and secondary metabolism of Brassica oleracea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Seung Jeon ◽  
Natalia Carreno-Quintero ◽  
Henriëtte D. L. M. van Eekelen ◽  
Ric C. H. De Vos ◽  
Jos M. Raaijmakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism

AbstractSeveral root-colonizing bacterial species can simultaneously promote plant growth and induce systemic resistance. How these rhizobacteria modulate plant metabolism to accommodate the carbon and energy demand from these two competing processes is largely unknown. Here, we show that strains of three Paraburkholderia species, P. graminis PHS1 (Pbg), P. hospita mHSR1 (Pbh), and P. terricola mHS1 (Pbt), upon colonization of the roots of two Broccoli cultivars led to cultivar-dependent increases in biomass, changes in primary and secondary metabolism and induced resistance against the bacterial leaf pathogen Xanthomonas campestris. Strains that promoted growth led to greater accumulation of soluble sugars in the shoot and particularly fructose levels showed an increase of up to 280-fold relative to the non-treated control plants. Similarly, a number of secondary metabolites constituting chemical and structural defense, including flavonoids, hydroxycinnamates, stilbenoids, coumarins and lignins, showed greater accumulation while other resource-competing metabolite pathways were depleted. High soluble sugar generation, efficient sugar utilization, and suppression or remobilization of resource-competing metabolites potentially contributed to curb the tradeoff between the carbon and energy demanding processes induced by Paraburkholderia-Broccoli interaction. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive and integrated view of the temporal changes in plant metabolome associated with rhizobacteria-mediated plant growth promotion and induced resistance.

scholarly journals Role of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone in Biocontrol Together with Induced Systemic Resistance: A Novel Resource Trialed for Rice Disease Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Induced Systemic Resistance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Plants show strong levels of resistance to an extensive range of pathogens on account of root colonization through plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), namely, induced systemic resistance (ISR). Little is known about bacterial determinants and plant signaling pathways that underpin ISR in cereal crops associated with ISR in dicotyledonous plants. The present study evaluates the potential of Pseudomonas spp. QAU-92 using site directed mutagenesis of the pqqC gene to elicit ISR in rice (Oryza sativa L.) against the fungal pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus. The comparison between the wild-type strain and the mutant strain for biochemical attributes, in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity, carbon source utilization assay and in vivo analyses on rice (cv. C-039) revealed the statistically significant role of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) in plant growth promotion. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the plant recognition of QAU-92 results in the activation of ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways and also shows clear differences in resistance against C. miyabeanus disease compared with the pqqC mutants (QAU92-2). The expression of TF 89 (EBP89), a susceptible gene, as well as the pathogenesis-related protein 1a (PR1a) were much higher in the infected control and pqqC mutant plant than in wild type inoculated plants. Hence, this study is the first of the kind that has investigated the expressional analysis of PQQ against antifungal activity, phosphate solubilization and the induced systemic resistance of QAU-92 against C. miyabeanus in rice. Additionally, PQQ genes may act as a key regulator of PR1a/ET cross-talk and its interference with the fungal manipulation of plants. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Biocontrol Activity and Induction of Systemic Resistance in Pepper by Compost Water Extracts Against Phytophthora capsici

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mee Kyung Sang ◽  
Jeong-Gyu Kim ◽  
Ki Deok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Pepper Leaves ◽  
Plant Assays ◽  
Pepper Plants

We investigated the effects of water extracts of composts (CWE) from commercial compost facilities for controlling root and foliar infection of pepper plants by Phytophthora capsici. Among 47 CWE tested, CWE from composts Iljuk-3, Iljuk-7, Shinong-8, and Shinong-9 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited zoospore germination, germ tube elongation, mycelial growth, and population of P. capsici. All selected CWE significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the seedling and plant assays compared with the controls. However, there were no significant differences in zoospore germination, disease incidence, and disease severity between treatments of untreated, autoclaved, and filtered CWE. In addition, CWE significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed leaf infection of P. capsici through induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants root-drenched with CWE. The tested CWE enhanced the expression of the pathogenesis-related genes, CABPR1, CABGLU, CAChi2, CaPR-4, CAPO1, or CaPR-10 as well as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and peroxidase activities, which resulted in enhanced plant defense against P. capsici in pepper plants. Moreover, the CWE enhanced the chemical and structural defenses of the plants, including H2O2 generation in the leaves and lignin accumulation in the stems. The CWE could also suppress other fungal pathogens (Colletotrichum coccodes in pepper leaves and C. orbiculare in cucumber leaves) through ISR; however, it failed to inhibit other bacterial pathogens (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper leaves and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber leaves). These results suggest that a heat-stable chemical(s) in the CWE can suppress root and foliar infection by P. capsici in pepper plants. In addition, these suppressions might result from direct inhibition of development and population of P. capsici for root infection, as well as indirect inhibition of foliar infection through ISR with broad-spectrum protection.

scholarly journals Extracts from cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens induce defensive patterns of gene expression and enzyme activity while depressing visible injury and reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana challenged with pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Martin-Rivilla ◽  
A Garcia-Villaraco ◽  
B Ramos-Solano ◽  
F J Gutierrez-Mañero ◽  
J A Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging

Abstract We evaluated the ability of metabolic elicitors extracted from Pseudomonas fluorescens N21.4 to induce systemic resistance (ISR) in Arabidopsis thaliana against the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000. Metabolic elicitors were obtained from bacteria-free culture medium with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in three consecutive extractions. Each extract showed plant protection activity. The n-hexane fraction was the most effective and was used to study the signal transduction pathways involved by evaluating expression of marker genes of the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway (NPR1, PR1, ICS and PR2) and the jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) signalling pathway (PDF1, MYC2, LOX2 and PR3). In addition, the level of oxidative stress was tested by determining the activity of enzymes related to the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. N-hexane extracts stimulated both pathways based on overexpression of ICS, PR1, PR2, PDF1 and LOX2 genes. In addition, activity of the pathogenesis-related proteins glucanase (PR2) and chitinase (PR3), lipoxygenase and polyphenol oxidase was enhanced together with an increased capacity to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS). This was associated with less oxidative stress as indicated by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), suggesting a causative link between defensive metabolism against P. syringae and ROS scavenging.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Screening of Commercial Products Marketed as Systemic Resistance and Plant Growth Promotion Inducers

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Vavrina ◽  
Pamela D. Roberts ◽  
Nancy Kokalis-Burelle ◽  
Esa O. Ontermaa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Commercial Products

Six greenhouse trials of five commercial products marketed as systemic resistance (SR) and plant growth promotion (PGP) inducers were evaluated on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) over a 21-month period. The effect of the inducers on treated plants was measured by monitoring plant growth and disease suppression after inoculation with either plant pathogenic bacteria or nematodes. The commercially available SR/PGP inducers included a bacterial suspension [Companion (Bacillus subtilis GB03)], two plant defense elicitors with nutrients (Keyplex 350DP plus Nutri-Phite, and Rezist with Cab'y), natural plant extracts (Liquid Seaweed Concentrate and Stimplex), and a synthetic growth regulator (Actigard 50W). Growth enhancement was noted in some trials, but the parameter of growth affected often varied with trial. Response to Actigard treatment included significant suppression of bacterial spot [Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv)] in three of the six trials. Companion, Keyplex 350DP plus Nutri-Phite, Rezist and Cab'y, and seaweed products induced only partial disease suppression of bacterial spot in inoculated tomato plants. The alpha-keto acids plus nutrients (Keyplex 350DP plus Nutri-Phite) increased plant growth by 14.3% and improved root condition compared to the untreated control following exposure to nematodes. Results are encouraging, if not consistent, and with a greater understanding of the SR system and the conditions related to product efficacy, such materials may become effective tools for production agriculture.

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