scholarly journals Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Are Promising Therapeutic Tools for Cats with HER2-Positive Mammary Carcinoma

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Andreia Gameiro ◽  
Filipe Almeida ◽  
Catarina Nascimento ◽  
Jorge Correia ◽  
Fernando Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammary Carcinoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Domain ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Resistance To Therapy ◽  
Antiproliferative Effects

Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common neoplasia in cat, being HER2-positive the most prevalent subtype. In woman’s breast cancer, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) are used as a therapeutic option, by blocking the phosphorylation of the HER2 tyrosine kinase domain. Moreover, clinical trials demonstrated that TKi produce synergistic antiproliferative effects in combination with mTOR inhibitors, overcoming resistance to therapy. Thus, to uncover new chemotherapeutic strategies for cats, the antiproliferative effects of two TKi (lapatinib and neratinib), and their combination with a mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), were evaluated in FMC cell lines (CAT-M, FMCp and FMCm) and compared with a human breast cancer cell line (SkBR-3). Results revealed that both TKi induced antiproliferative effects in all feline cell lines, by blocking the phosphorylation of EGFR members and its downstream effectors. Furthermore, combined treatments with rapamycin presented synergetic antiproliferative effects. Additionally, the DNA sequence of the her2 TK domain (exons 18 to 20) was determined in 40 FMC tissue samples, and despite several mutations were found none of them were described as inducing resistance to therapy. Altogether, our results demonstrated that TKi and combined protocols may be useful in the treatment of cats with mammary carcinomas, and that TKi-resistant FMC are rare.

scholarly journals HER2-Targeted Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Cause Therapy-Induced-Senescence in Breast Cancer Cells

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina S.J. McDermott ◽  
Neil Conlon ◽  
Brigid C. Browne ◽  
Adam Szabo ◽  
Naoise C. Synnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Her2 Positive

Prolonged treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) leads to the emergence of acquired resistance. However, the effects of continuous TKI exposure on cell fate, and the steps leading to the acquisition of a resistant phenotype are poorly understood. To explore this, we exposed five HER2 positive cells lines to HER2 targeted therapies for periods of up to 4 weeks and examined senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity together with additional markers of senescence. We found that lapatinib treatment resulted in phenotypic alterations consistent with a senescent phenotype and strong SA-β-gal activity in HER2-positive cell lines. Lapatinib-induced senescence was associated with elevated levels of p15 and p27 but was not dependent on the expression of p16 or p21. Restoring wild type p53 activity either by transfection or by treatment with APR-246, a molecule which reactivates mutant p53, blocked lapatinib-induced senescence and caused increased cell death. In contrast to lapatinib, SA-β-gal activity was not induced by exposing the cells to trastuzumab as a single agent but co-administration of lapatinib and trastuzumab induced senescence, as did treatment of the cells with the irreversible HER2 TKIs neratinib and afatinib. Neratinib- and afatinib-induced senescence was not reversed by removing the drug whereas lapatinib-induced senescence was reversible. In summary, therapy-induced senescence represents a novel mechanism of action of HER2 targeting agents and may be a potential pathway for the emergence of resistance.

HER-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors enhance response to trastuzumab and pertuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Canonici ◽  
Laura Ivers ◽  
Neil T. Conlon ◽  
Kasper Pedersen ◽  
Nicola Gaynor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Her2 Positive Breast Cancer ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

scholarly journals Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in the Combination Therapy of HER2 Positive Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 153303382096214
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Dapeng Wu ◽  
Shengli Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) accounts for about 20% to 30% of all BC subtypes and is characterized by invasive disease and poor prognosis. With the emergence of anti-HER2 target drugs, HER2-positive BC patient outcomes have changed dramatically. However, treatment failure is mostly due to drug resistance and the special treatment needs of different subgroups. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors can inhibit multiple targets of the human epidermal growth factor receptor family and activate PI3K/AKT, MAPK, PLC γ, ERK1/2, JAK/STAT, and other pathways affecting the expression of MDM2, mTOR, p27, and other transcription factors. This can help regulate the differentiation, apoptosis, migration, growth, and adhesion of normal cells and reverse drug resistance to a certain extent. These inhibitors can cross the blood-brain barrier and be administered orally. They have a good synergistic effect with effective drugs such as trastuzumab, pertuzumab, t-dm1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors. These advantages have resulted in small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors attracting attention. The new small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor was investigated in multi-target anti-HER2 therapy, showed a good effect in preclinical and clinical trials, and to some extent, improved the prognosis of HER2-positive BC patients. Its use could lead to a de-escalation of treatment in some patients, possibly preventing unnecessary procedures along with the associated side effects and costs.

Recent Updates on the Therapeutic Potential of HER2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Breast Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heena Singla ◽  
Anjana Munshi ◽  
Raja Paramjit Singh Banipal ◽  
Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Her2 Receptor ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Her2 Positive Breast Cancer ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

HER2 positive breast cancer is characterized by the low survival rate in the metastatic patients. Development of resistance and disease-relapse are the major problems associated with the currently available therapies for HER2 positive breast cancer. There are two major targeted therapies for HER2 positive breast cancer viz. monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, and both of these therapies have their advantages and limitations. To address the limitations associated with the existing therapies, use of antibodies and TKIs as combination therapy proved to be more effective. Various chemical modifications can be performed on tyrosine-kinase inhibitors to develop novel ligands with increased selectivity for HER2 kinase. A number of tyrosine-kinase inhibitors are in various phases of clinical trials for the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer. In the current review article, recent developments on various HER2 tyrosine-kinase inhibitors have been reported. Various structurally different scaffolds bind to the HER2 receptor and exhibit potent anti-cancer activities. The structural and pharmacophoric requirements of the scaffolds are discussed in detail so as to discover effective drug candidates for the treatment of HER2 positive breast cancer.

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