scholarly journals The Effect of Curcumin Differs on Individual Cognitive Domains across Different Patient Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
I-Chen Tsai ◽  
Chih-Wei Hsu ◽  
Chun-Hung Chang ◽  
Ping-Tao Tseng ◽  
Ke-Vin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Significant Difference

Curcumin is a polyphenol with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that has been shown to be effective in ameliorating cognitive decline in animal studies. However, its clinical effectiveness is inconclusive, and relevant gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) have been reported. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the existing evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of effects of curcumin on overall cognitive function, individual cognitive domains, and gastrointestinal AE. The study includes 8 RCTs and 389 participants. A random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. Compared with the placebo group, the curcumin group was associated with an improvement in working memory (Hedges’ g = 0.396, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.078 to 0.714, p = 0.015) and a borderline benefit in processing speed (Hedges’ g = 0.303, 95% CI = ‒0.013 to 0.619, p = 0.06). In the domains of language, episodic memory/visual learning, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility/problem solving, and overall cognitive function, no significant difference existed for the comparison between the curcumin and placebo groups. The curcumin group had a significantly higher risk of gastrointestinal AEs than the placebo group (odds ratio = 3.019, 95% CI = 1.118 to 8.150, p = 0.029). In the future, the effects of curcumin on working memory, processing speed, and gastrointestinal AE should be further investigated.

Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-enhancing agents on cognition in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hung Chang ◽  
Hsien-Yuan Lane ◽  
Ping-Tao Tseng ◽  
Shaw-Ji Chen ◽  
Chieh-Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

Background: Multiple N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor-enhancing agents have demonstrated promising effects for cognition in schizophrenia. However, the results of studies have been conflicting. This updated meta-analysis explored the effect of NMDA-receptor-enhancing agents on cognitive function. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials and Cochrane Systematic Reviews for studies on the effect of NMDA-receptor-enhancing agents on cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia up to September 2018. Double-blind randomised placebo trials with cognition rating scales were included. We pooled studies by using a random-effect model for comparisons with add-on NMDA-receptor-enhancing agents. Cognitive function scores were compared between baseline and subsequent levels, and NMDA-receptor-positive modulators were assessed using the standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We evaluated statistical heterogeneity through visual inspection of funnel plots and by using the I2 statistic. Results: We identified 25 trials with 1951 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. NMDA-receptor-enhancing agents had a small but nonsignificant effect compared with the placebo on overall cognitive function (SMD = 0.068, CI = −0.056 to 0.193, P = 0.283). We identified trials enrolling patients aged between 30 and 39 years old, which reported significant positive effects (SMD: 0.163, 95% CI: 0.016–0.310, P = 0.030). Men were associated with a smaller effect of NMDA-receptor-positive modulators on overall cognitive function. Moreover, subgroup meta-analysis of cognitive domains revealed that N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) had a significant effect on working memory ( P-value for interaction = 0.038; SMD = 0.679, CI = 0.397–0.961, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis revealed no significant effect of NMDA-enhancing agents on overall cognition. However, subgroup analysis suggested that NMDAR-enhancing agents may benefit young patients with schizophrenia, and NAC may have an effect on working memory. Additional trials with larger samples are suggested to evaluate these cognitive domains and ascertain the possible mechanisms.

Impact of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy on Cognitive Function in Men With Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (34) ◽  
pp. 5030-5037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabbir M.H. Alibhai ◽  
Henriette Breunis ◽  
Narhari Timilshina ◽  
Shireen Marzouk ◽  
Diane Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Immediate Memory

Purpose To evaluate the effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) on cognitive function in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PC). Patients and Methods The following three groups of men age 50 years or older and matched on age and education were enrolled: patients with PC starting continuous ADT (n = 77), patients with PC not receiving ADT (PC controls, n = 82), and healthy controls (n = 82). A battery of 14 neuropsychological tests, examining eight cognitive domains, was administered at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Changes in cognitive scores over time were analyzed using the following three approaches: multivariable linear regression; the proportion of participants per group with 1 standard deviation (SD) or greater declines, and the proportion of participants who declined by at least 1.5 SD on two or more tests. Results The mean age and education level of participants were 68.9 years (range, 50 to 87 years) and 15.4 years of education (range, 8 to 24 years), respectively. Adjusted for age and education, all three cohorts had similar cognitive scores at baseline other than in one test of working memory. In adjusted regressions, ADT use was not associated with significant changes in the domains of attention/processing speed, verbal fluency, verbal memory, visual memory, or cognitive flexibility at either 6 months (all P > .05) or 12 months (all P > .05). One test each of immediate memory (P = .029), working memory (P = .031), and visuospatial ability (P = .034) were worse among ADT users than controls at 12 months, but these findings were not confirmed using other analytic approaches. Conclusion There is no consistent evidence that 12 months of ADT use has an adverse effect on cognitive function in elderly men with PC.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of cognitive function in Chinese first-episode schizophrenia: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) profile of impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. e100043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Zhang ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Yuliang Hu ◽  
Yikang Zhu ◽  
Tianhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundCompromised neurocognition is a core feature of schizophrenia. With increasing studies researching cognitive function of Chinese patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) using MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB), it is not clear about the level and pattern of cognitive impairment among this population.AimTo provide a meta-analysis systematically analysing studies of neurocognitive function using MCCB in Chinese patients with FES.MethodsAn independent literature search of both Chinese and English databases up to 13 March 2019 was conducted by two reviewers. Standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated using the random effects model to evaluate the effect size.Results56 studies (FES=3167, healthy controls (HC)=3017) were included and analysed. No study was rated as ‘high quality’ according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. Compared with HCs, Chinese patients with FES showed impairment with large effect size in overall cognition (SMD=−1.60, 95% CI −1.82 to −1.38, I2=67%) and all seven cognitive domains, with the SMD ranging from −0.87 to −1.41. In nine MCCB subtests, patients with FES showed significant difference in Symbol Coding (SMD=−1.90), Trail Making Test (TMT) (SMD=−1.36), Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs (SMD=−1.33), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (SMD=−1.24), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test (SMD=−1.18), Mazes (SMD=−1.16), Category Fluency (SMD=−1.01), Spatial Span (SMD=−0.69) and Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (SMD=−0.38).ConclusionsOur meta-analysis demonstrates that Chinese patients with FES show neurocognitive deficits across all seven MCCB cognitive domains and all nine subtests, particularly in two neurocognitive domains: speed of processing and attention/vigilance, with the least impairment shown in social cognition. Symbol Coding and TMT may be the most sensitive tests to detect cognitive deficit in Chinese patients with FES.

scholarly journals Cognitive function in clinical burnout: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Malmberg Gavelin ◽  
Magdalena E Domellöf ◽  
Elisabeth Åström ◽  
Andreas Nelson ◽  
Nathalie H Launder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities

Clinical burnout has been associated with impaired cognitive functioning; however, previous findings have been heterogeneous and the specific domains that are affected and the magnitude of impairment is unclear. The aim of this systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis was to assess cognitive function in clinical burnout and identify the pattern and severity of cognitive dysfunction across cognitive domains. We identified 17 studies encompassing 730 patients with clinical burnout and 649 healthy controls. Clinical burnout was associated with small to moderate impairments in episodic memory (g = -0.36, 95 % CI -0.57 to -0.15), short-term and working memory (g = -0.36, 95 % CI -0.52 to -0.20), executive function (g = -0.39, 95 % CI -0.55 to -0.23), attention and processing speed (g = -0.43, 95 % CI -0.57 to -0.29) and fluency (g = -0.53, 95 % CI -1.04 to -0.03). There were no differences between patients and controls in crystallized (k = 6 studies) and visuospatial abilities (k = 4). Our findings suggest that clinical burnout is associated with cognitive impairment across multiple cognitive domains. Cognitive dysfunction needs to be considered in the clinical and occupational health management of burnout to optimize rehabilitation and prognosis.

scholarly journals Plasma Long Chain Fatty Acids and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Comparison of Statistical Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
Caroline Duchaine ◽  
Pierre-Hugues Carmichael ◽  
Nancy Presse ◽  
Alexandra Fiocco ◽  
Pierrette Gaudreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been suggested as modifiable protective factors for cognitive decline because of their neuroprotective properties. However, the evidence is still inconsistent regarding types of omega-3 FAs, and the probable interrelation with other circulating long chain FAs (LCFAs). This study aimed to evaluate associations between 14 plasma LCFAs and four cognitive domains using a principal component analysis (PCA) and to compare results with those obtained using standard methods. A group of 386 healthy older adults aged 77 ± 4 years (53% women), selected from the NutCog Study, a sub-study from the Québec cohort on Nutrition and Successful Aging (NuAge), underwent a cognitive evaluation and fasting blood sampling. Verbal and non-verbal episodic memory, executive functioning, and processing speed were evaluated using validated tests. LCFAs circulating concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using published procedures. Linear regressions adjusted for age, sex, education, and BMI were used to evaluate cross-sectional associations between LCFAs, using PCA or a more standard grouping (omega-3, omega-6, monounsaturated, and saturated LCFAs), and cognitive performance. Higher scoring on the omega-3 PCA factor and higher concentrations of total omega-3 FAs were both associated with better episodic non-verbal memory and processing speed. Higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA omega-3) was also associated with these two cognitive domains and with episodic verbal memory. The associations with total omega-3 FAs taken separately were of smaller magnitude than those with PCA. These results suggest that omega-3 FAs should be considered in combination with other LCFAs when evaluating the association with cognitive function.

scholarly journals M60. EARLY VERSUS DELAYED PRESCRIPTION OF CLOZAPINE AND THE COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE ON SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S157-S158
Author(s):  
Silvia Amoretti ◽  
Marina Garriga ◽  
Gisela Mezquida ◽  
Andrea Mallorqui ◽  
Rafael Penadés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Late Treatment

Abstract Background Patients with schizophrenia display a wide and characteristic array of cognitive deficits. A range of factors has been shown to influence cognition, including cognitive reserve (CR). Amongst antipsychotics only clozapine has shown positive results on cognition to date. Although it is known that delayed initiation of clozapine may be related to poor clinical psychotic response, no previous results have been tested on relation to cognitive improvements. This study aimed to analyze the improvement in cognitive performance after starting clozapine treatment according to the early versus late treatment initiation after diagnosis. Methods 41 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled. All subjects were assessed clinically, neuropsychologically and functionally at baseline and at the 18th week of clozapine treatment. Premorbid IQ was calculated with the vocabulary subtest of the WAIS-III and it was considered a measure of CR. For study purposes, sample was divided into early or late treatment initiation of clozapine (± 3 years after diagnosis). Lineal mixed model analyses were used while confounding from different factors. Results There were no differences between groups in terms of gender, functional, clinical and neuropsychological outcomes at baseline and follow-up. Neither clozapine dose, nor plasma concentration of nor-clozapine, have been found to be different at 18 weeks. Significant difference in age was found (p&lt;0.001). In early initiation clozapine treatment group (n=22), improvements in working memory, attention, executive functions, and processing speed were found. Thus, CR was the only significant factor explaining these improvements in all cognitive domains, except in processing speed that was explained by time. Late onset group (n=19) improved their cognitive performance on working memory and executive functions, both explained by CR (not time or age). Discussion There were no differences between groups at baseline, except for age. Patients who started an early treatment of clozapine improved more cognitive domains at 18-week that those who started it later. In both cases, CR is a key factor in predicting cognitive improvement. Reducing clozapine treatment delay might represent immediate prospective improvements on cognitive domains in comparison with delayed start. Time-wise cognitive monitoring and CR enhancement at early stages of the psychotic illness/treatment may be helpful in order to prevent cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Itsasne Sanchez-Luengos ◽  
Yolanda Balboa-Bandeira ◽  
Olaia Lucas-Jiménez ◽  
Natalia Ojeda ◽  
Javier Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Meta Analysis

Cognitive deficits influence the quality of life of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. In order to reduce the impact of cognitive impairment in PD, cognitive rehabilitation programs have been developed. This study presents a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation in non-demented PD patients. Twelve articles were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. The systematic review showed that attention, working memory, verbal memory, executive functions and processing speed were the most frequently improved domains. Meta-analysis results showed moderate effects on global cognitive status (g = 0.55) and working memory (g = 0.50); small significant effects on verbal memory (g = 0.41), overall cognitive functions (g = 0.39) and executive functions (g = 0.30); small non-significant effects on attention (g = 0.36), visual memory (g = 0.29), verbal fluency (g = 0.27) and processing speed (g = 0.24); and no effect on visuospatial and visuoconstructive abilities (g = 0.17). Depressive symptoms showed small effect (g = 0.24) and quality of life showed no effect (g = −0.07). A meta-regression was performed to examine moderating variables of overall cognitive function effects, although moderators did not explain the heterogeneity of the improvement after cognitive rehabilitation. The findings suggest that cognitive rehabilitation may be beneficial in improving cognition in non-demented PD patients, although further studies are needed to obtain more robust effects.

scholarly journals Protein Intake and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110223
Author(s):  
Hélio José Coelho-Júnior ◽  
Riccardo Calvani ◽  
Francesco Landi ◽  
Anna Picca ◽  
Emanuele Marzetti
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
High Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Global Cognitive Function

Introduction: The present study investigated the association between protein intake and cognitive function in older adults. Methods: We performed a literature search with no restriction on publication year in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, AgeLine from inception up to October 2020. Observational studies that investigated as a primary or secondary outcome the association of protein intake and cognitive function in older adults aged ⩾60 years were included. Results: Nine cross-sectional studies that investigated a total of 4929 older adults were included in the qualitative analysis. Overall cognitive function was examined in 6 studies. Four investigations reported null associations and 2 studies found that older adults with a high protein intake had higher global cognitive function than their counterparts. Results from the meta-analysis suggested that there were no significant associations between protein consumption and global cognitive function in older adults, regardless of gender. Three studies investigated other cognitive domains. Memory and protein intake were significantly and positively correlated in all studies. In addition, visuospatial, verbal fluency, processing speed, and sustained attention were positively associated with protein consumption in 1 study each. Conclusion: No significant associations between protein intake and global cognitive function were observed in neither qualitative nor quantitative analyses. The association between protein consumption with multiple other cognitive domains were also tested. As a whole, 3 studies reported a positive and significant association between high protein intake and memory, while 1 study observed a significant and positive association with visuospatial, verbal fluency, processing speed, and sustained attention.

scholarly journals The use of commercial computerised cognitive games in older adults: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonnechère ◽  
Christelle Langley ◽  
Barbara Jacquelyn Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Brain Training ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities

Abstract Brain training programs are currently one effective solution to prevent cognitive decline in healthy aging. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the use of commercially available computerised cognitive games to improve cognitive function in people aged above 60 years old without cognitive impairment. 1,543 participants from sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Statistically significant improvements were observed for processing speed (SMD increased 0.40 [95% CI 0.20–0.60], p < 0.001), working memory (0.21 [95% CI 0.08–0.34], p = 0.001), executive function (0.21 [95% CI 0.06–0.35], p = 0.006), and for verbal memory (0.12 [95% CI 0.01–0.24, p = 0.031), but not for attention or visuospatial abilities. No relationship between the age of the participants and the amount of training was found. Commercially available computerised cognitive games are effective in improving cognitive function in participants without cognitive impairment aged over 60 years.

scholarly journals Empirical Evidence for Cognitive Subgroups in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Malcolm ◽  
Sarah N. Brennan ◽  
Sally A. Grace ◽  
Toni D. Pikoos ◽  
Wei Lin Toh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
List Type ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Domains

AbstractObjectiveCurrent understanding of cognitive functioning in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is limited, owing to few studies, small sample sizes, and assessment across only limited cognitive domains. Existing research has also shown inconsistent findings, with both intact and impaired cognition reported in BDD, which might point toward cognitive heterogeneity in the disorder. This study aimed to examine the cognitive profile of BDD in a large sample across eight cognitive domains, and to explore whether cognitive subgroups might be identified within BDD.MethodsCognitive domains of inhibition/flexibility, working memory, speed of processing, reasoning and problem-solving, visual and verbal learning, attention/vigilance and social cognition were assessed and compared between 65 BDD patients and 70 healthy controls. Then, hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted on the BDD group’s cognitive data.ResultsGroup-average comparisons demonstrated significantly poorer cognitive functioning in BDD than healthy controls in all domains except for attention/vigilance and social cognition. Cluster analysis identified two divergent cognitive subgroups within our BDD cohort characterised by i) broadly intact cognitive function with mild selective impairments (72.3%), and ii) broadly impaired cognitive function (27.7%). However, the clusters did not significantly differ on clinical parameters or most sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionCognitively diverse subgroups were identified within BDD, yet these were obscured in group-average comparisons. However, subgroup profiles of cognitive functioning seem unrelated to the clinical presentation of BDD. Further research into the underlying mechanisms of cognition in BDD is warranted.Significant OutcomesCognitive function varies widely among people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and includes subgroups characterised by broadly intact or broadly impaired cognitive profiles.However, reduced performances in visual learning and working memory as relative to healthy participants were identified across both BDD cognitive subgroups to differing degrees.Clinical characteristics were not significantly different among the two BDD cognitive subgroups; what role cognitive functioning may play in the aetiology or presentation of BDD remains unclear.LimitationsThe output of clustering analysis is sensitive to the choice of variables entered and requires replication with analogous measures of cognition.Psychiatric comorbidities and medications could have impacted cognitive performances in the BDD group in an unaccounted-for manner.Data availability statementAuthor elects to not share data.

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