scholarly journals Subchronic Toxicity Study of Oral Anthrafuran on Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Michael I. Treshchalin ◽  
Helen M. Treshalina ◽  
Vasilisa A. Golibrodo ◽  
Andrey E. Shchekotikhin ◽  
Eleonora R. Pereverzeva
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Student’S T

A new antitumor multi-target drug anthrafuran, with cellular targets such as topoisomerase I/II and some protein kinases, was obtained in Gause Institute of New Antibiotics and was demonstrated to have a reliable specific effect on different murine and human tumor models by oral administration. In this study, we focused on the evaluation of subchronic toxicity of oral anthrafuran drug formulation (AF) on Chinchilla rabbits. The absence of any changes in the condition or behavior of animals was shown for oral anthrafuran. Changes with reversible and dose-dependent hepato- and nephrotoxicity at low doses, as well as hemato- and gastrointestinal toxicity at high doses, were confirmed pathomorphologically. The identified toxic properties are extremely valuable, since oral anthrafuran does not have the limiting cardio- and myelotoxicity. Anthrafuran with 2 mg/kg/day or 6 mg/kg/day doses was administrated orally over 15 days. Investigations include assessment of the body weight, hematological and serum biochemical parameters and urinalysis, electrocardiography and pathomorphological evaluation of the internal organs. Quantitative data were processed statistically with Student’s t-Test, p < 0.05. Revealed during the subchronic study were the favorable toxicological properties of oral anthrafuran as opposed to clinical anthracyclines, oral idarubicin, or parenteral doxorubicin, which allows it to be considered promising for further research.

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NANOPARTICLES TOXICITY OF NICKEL OXIDE IN TWO SIZES IN THE SUBCHRONIC EXPERIMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
M.P. Sutunkova ◽  
B.A. Katsnelson ◽  
L.I. Privalova ◽  
S.N. Solovjeva ◽  
V.B. Gurvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Equal Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nanoparticles Toxicity

We conducted a comparative assessment of the nickel oxide nanoparticles toxicity (NiO) of two sizes (11 and 25 nm) according to a number of indicators of the body state after repeated intraperitoneal injections of these particles suspensions. At equal mass doses, NiO nanoparticles have been found to cause various manifestations of systemic subchronic toxicity with a particularly pronounced effect on liver, kidney function, the body’s antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, white and red blood, redox metabolism, spleen damage, and some disorders of nervous activity allegedly related to the possibility of nickel penetration into the brain from the blood. The relationship between the diameter and toxicity of particles is ambiguous, which may be due to differences in toxicokinetics, which is controlled by both physiological mechanisms and direct penetration of nanoparticles through biological barriers and, finally, unequal solubility.

scholarly journals Therapeutic nanomedicine surmounts the limitations of pharmacotherapy

Open Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arome Odiba ◽  
Victoria Ottah ◽  
Comfort Ottah ◽  
Ogechukwu Anunobi ◽  
Chimere Ukegbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Unique Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Genetic Therapy ◽  
Target Drug Delivery ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
And Control ◽  
Manipulation And Control

AbstractScience always strives to find an improved way of doing things and nanoscience is one such approach. Nanomaterials are suitable for pharmaceutical applications mostly because of their size which facilitates absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the nanoparticles. Whether labile or insoluble nanoparticles, their cytotoxic effect on malignant cells has moved the use of nanomedicine into focus. Since nanomedicine can be described as the science and technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases towards ultimately improving human health, a lot of nanotechnology options have received approval by various regulatory agencies. Nanodrugs also have been discovered to be more precise in targeting the desired site, hence maximizing the therapeutic effects, while minimizing side-effects on the rest of the body. This unique property and more has made nanomedicine popular in therapeutic medicine employing nanotechnology in genetic therapy, drug encapsulation, enzyme manipulation and control, tissue engineering, target drug delivery, pharmacogenomics, stem cell and cloning, and even virus-based hybrids. This review highlights nanoproducts that are in development and have gained approval through one clinical trial stage or the other.

Respiratory gymnastics as a means of strengthening the health of student youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Author(s):  
N. Shashlov
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Current State

The article analyzes the current state of health of students of higher education institutions. The importance of breathing exercises for student youth in a pandemic is determined. The necessity of using respiratory techniques to harden the body, improve the work of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems is substantiated. It is established that breathing exercises are a system of breathing exercises and an effective means of strengthening human health. During respiratory gymnastics our body is saturated with oxygen, blood circulation improves, metabolic processes are accelerated, emotional state is stabilized, immunity is strengthened. Breathing exercises improve and activate the function of external respiration, promote its faster recovery after exercise and have a specific effect on some respiratory diseases. Health is the main value of human life, to which man himself does not pay due attention. An important preventive factor in strengthening it is a healthy lifestyle. There are basic requirements for maintaining a healthy lifestyle - physical activity, nutrition, comfortable conditions and a rational mode of work and rest, optimal exercise, abandonment of bad habits, the use of traditional and non-traditional means of health. The problem of health, especially of students, is receiving more and more attention. The state of health of students can be classified as high risk. The transition from one learning environment to another, more intensive, requires the body of the future student to pay more attention to the work of critical systems, including respiratory. There are many issues related to the formation of new approaches to health promotion.

Impact of Aging on Distal Tibia Metaphysis Diameter

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astolfi RS ◽  
◽  
Batista AV ◽  
Santos ALM ◽  
Leite JAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Tibia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Many ◽  
Cortical Drift ◽  
Student’S T Test

One of the many bone changes that occur with aging is “cortical drift”, the absorption and deposition of bone on the endosteal and periosteal side, respectively, which results in bone enlargement in some but not all metaphyses. The distal tibia is one of the most fractured sites in the body and where anatomically shaped implants are mostly used. The economic viability of these implants depends on the maintenance of bone contour throughout life. MRI sagittal ankle images from 422 patients aged 18 to 100 years were analyzed and total distal tibia diameter measured. No correlation was observed between the parameters age and distal tibia diameter (Pearson-0.099), or when individuals were separated by sex (Pearson-0.021 for men and 0.049 for women). When separated by age, patients younger and older than 60 years old had a similar average height (1.65 and 1.62 m, respectively, student’s t- test = 0). This is the first study to evaluate possible age-related distal tibia enlargement. Bone changes with age do not result in distal tibia enlargement and possibly the majority of anatomically shaped bone implants are suitable irrespective of age.

scholarly journals Structural Organization of Themagnetic Part of Smart Material Based on Nanoparticles of Iron or Magnetite in Pores of Mcm-41 Mesoporous Silica for Target Drug Delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
E.G. Zemtsova ◽  
A.N. Ponomareva ◽  
A.Y. Arbenin ◽  
V.M. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Target Drug Delivery ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mcm 41

Abstract The important stage of the development of smart material for the target drug delivery is the construction of the magnetic part of this material, including mesoporous silica and magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4or Fe0). Such a systemwill allow carry outmagnetic decapsulation (excretion) of drug from smart material using the magnetic field of a given value in the right place of the body. The paper considers the features of synthesis mesoporous silica MCM-41 with various pore diameter (33-51 Å) and synthesis of superparamagnetic nanoparticles of magnetite or metallic iron in the pores of mesoporous silica. The dependence of magnetic properties of nanocomposites MCM-41/Fe0 and MCM-41/Fe3O4 from the pore diameters of MCM-41 templates is studied. It was found that the matrix has a decisive influence on the content of iron or magnetite nanoparticles. The saturation magnetization of the material increases with increasing pore size of the mesoporous matrix. Nanocomposites MCM-41/Fe0 and MCM-41/Fe3O4 exhibit superparamagnetism, that allows them to be used as a magnetic material for targeted drug delivery.

scholarly journals CO-Releasing Materials: An Emphasis on Therapeutic Implications, as Release and Subsequent Cytotoxicity Are the Part of Therapy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faizan ◽  
Niaz Muhammad ◽  
Kifayat Ullah Khan Niazi ◽  
Yongxia Hu ◽  
Yanyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Metal Carbonyl ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbonyl Complexes ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Co Insertion

The CO-releasing materials (CORMats) are used as substances for producing CO molecules for therapeutic purposes. Carbon monoxide (CO) imparts toxic effects to biological organisms at higher concentration. If this characteristic is utilized in a controlled manner, it can act as a cell-signaling agent for important pathological and pharmacokinetic functions; hence offering many new applications and treatments. Recently, research on therapeutic applications using the CO treatment has gained much attention due to its nontoxic nature, and its injection into the human body using several conjugate systems. Mainly, there are two types of CO insertion techniques into the human body, i.e., direct and indirect CO insertion. Indirect CO insertion offers an advantage of avoiding toxicity as compared to direct CO insertion. For the indirect CO inhalation method, developers are facing certain problems, such as its inability to achieve the specific cellular targets and how to control the dosage of CO. To address these issues, researchers have adopted alternative strategies regarded as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). CO is covalently attached with metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs), which generate various CORMs such as CORM-1, CORM-2, CORM-3, ALF492, CORM-A1 and ALF186. When these molecules are inserted into the human body, CO is released from these compounds at a controlled rate under certain conditions or/and triggers. Such reactions are helpful in achieving cellular level targets with a controlled release of the CO amount. However on the other hand, CORMs also produce a metal residue (termed as i-CORMs) upon degradation that can initiate harmful toxic activity inside the body. To improve the performance of the CO precursor with the restricted development of i-CORMs, several new CORMats have been developed such as micellization, peptide, vitamins, MOFs, polymerization, nanoparticles, protein, metallodendrimer, nanosheet and nanodiamond, etc. In this review article, we shall describe modern ways of CO administration; focusing primarily on exclusive features of CORM’s tissue accumulations and their toxicities. This report also elaborates on the kinetic profile of the CO gas. The comprehension of developmental phases of CORMats shall be useful for exploring the ideal CO therapeutic drugs in the future of medical sciences.

scholarly journals Unique Polyhalogenated Peptides from the Marine Sponge Ircinia sp.

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Rogelio Fernández ◽  
Asep Bayu ◽  
Tri Aryono Hadi ◽  
Santiago Bueno ◽  
Marta Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Human Tumor Cell ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Human Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Thousand Islands ◽  
Cell Death Protein

Two new bromopyrrole peptides, haloirciniamide A (1) and seribunamide A (2), have been isolated from an Indonesian marine sponge of the genus Ircinia collected in the Thousand Islands (Indonesia). The planar structure of both compounds was assigned on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of the amino acid residues in 1 and 2 was determined by the application of Marfey’s method. Compound 1 is the first dibromopyrrole cyclopeptide having a chlorohistidine ring, while compound 2 is a rare peptide possessing a tribromopyrrole ring. Both compounds failed to show significant cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines, and neither compound was able to inhibit the enzyme topoisomerase I or impair the interaction between programmed cell death protein PD1 and its ligand, PDL1.

Activity of Topotecan, a New Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, Against Human Tumor Colony-Forming Units In Vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 84 (23) ◽  
pp. 1816-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Burris ◽  
A.-R. Hanauske ◽  
R. K. Johnson ◽  
M. H. Marshall ◽  
J. G. Kuhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Topoisomerase I Inhibitor ◽  
Colony Forming Units

scholarly journals BOTULISM. STUDIES ON THE MANNER IN WHICH THE TOXIN OF CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM ACTS UPON THE BODY

1923 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest C. Dickson ◽  
Richard Shevky
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Motor Nerves

A survey of the results of these experiments shows, we believe conclusively, that in botulinus intoxication in cats, dogs, and rabbits there is a specific effect upon the portions of the autonomic nervous system which Gaskell (14) described as the bulbosacral and prosomatic outflows of connector fibers respectively, which results in a blocking of the nerve impulses of these nerves. The experimental as well as the clinical evidence indicates that there is no damage to the nerves of the thoracicolumbar outflow. The exact location of the damage has not been ascertained nor has the mechanism by which the nerve impulse is blocked been determined. The experiments show, however, that the lesions in these portions of the nervous system are not of central distribution but are peripheral, and that the block cannot be due to an organic break in the conduction apparatus but must be due to some derangement which is relatively unstable. If it were otherwise it would not be possible to induce a physiological response even by massive stimulation, nor could the response be subsequently repeated by stimuli which lie within the limits of normal intensity. The application of the results of these experiments to the clinical manifestations of botulism will be discussed in a later report after the effect of the toxin upon the skeletal motor nerves has been described.

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