scholarly journals The Multiple Actions of Amygdalin on Cellular Processes with an Emphasis on Female Reproduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Adriana Kolesarova ◽  
Simona Baldovska ◽  
Shubhadeep Roychoudhury
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Reproductive Processes

The present review summarizes the current knowledge on the provenance and properties, metabolism and toxicity, mechanism of action, physiological, and therapeutic roles of amygdalin—a molecule present in the seeds of apricot and other plants—with an emphasis on the action of amygdalin on reproductive processes, particularly in the female. Amygdalin influences physiological processes including female reproduction at various regulatory levels via extra- and intracellular signaling pathways regulating secretory activity, cell viability, steroidogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis. On the other hand, while being metabolized in the body, amygdalin releases significant amounts of cyanide, which may lead to acute health hazard in those individuals who may be at risk. Despite some contradictions in the available data about benefits and toxic effects of amygdalin, its potential applicability at low doses may present a promising tool for regulation of various reproductive and other physiological processes including disease management primarily in cancer phytotherapy, animal production, medicine, and biotechnology. However, further research involving carefully designed dose–response studies is required to overcome the possible side effects of amygdalin and assure its safety as a therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Effects and Mechanisms of Phthalates’ Action on Reproductive Processes and Reproductive Health: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6811
Author(s):  
Henrieta Hlisníková ◽  
Ida Petrovičová ◽  
Branislav Kolena ◽  
Miroslava Šidlovská ◽  
Alexander Sirotkin
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome ◽  
Fertility Disorders ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Cancer And Fertility

The production of plastic products, which requires phthalate plasticizers, has resulted in the problems for human health, especially that of reproductive health. Phthalate exposure can induce reproductive disorders at various regulatory levels. The aim of this review was to compile the evidence concerning the association between phthalates and reproductive diseases, phthalates-induced reproductive disorders, and their possible endocrine and intracellular mechanisms. Phthalates may induce alterations in puberty, the development of testicular dysgenesis syndrome, cancer, and fertility disorders in both males and females. At the hormonal level, phthalates can modify the release of hypothalamic, pituitary, and peripheral hormones. At the intracellular level, phthalates can interfere with nuclear receptors, membrane receptors, intracellular signaling pathways, and modulate gene expression associated with reproduction. To understand and to treat the adverse effects of phthalates on human health, it is essential to expand the current knowledge concerning their mechanism of action in the organism.

scholarly journals The Influence of Plant Isoflavones Daidzein and Equol on Female Reproductive Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Sirotkin ◽  
Saleh Hamad Alwasel ◽  
Abdel Halim Harrath
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Ovarian Cell ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Reproductive Processes

In this review, we explore the current literature on the influence of the plant isoflavone daidzein and its metabolite equol on animal and human physiological processes, with an emphasis on female reproduction including ovarian functions (the ovarian cycle; follicullo- and oogenesis), fundamental ovarian-cell functions (viability, proliferation, and apoptosis), the pituitary and ovarian endocrine regulators of these functions, and the possible intracellular mechanisms of daidzein action. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of daidzein for the control of animal and human female reproductive processes, and how to make this application more efficient. The existing literature demonstrates the influence of daidzein and its metabolite equol on various nonreproductive and reproductive processes and their disorders. Daidzein and equol can both up- and downregulate the ovarian reception of gonadotropins, healthy and cancerous ovarian-cell proliferation, apoptosis, viability, ovarian growth, follicullo- and oogenesis, and follicular atresia. These effects could be mediated by daidzein and equol on hormone production and reception, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular regulators of proliferation and apoptosis. Both the stimulatory and the inhibitory effects of daidzein and equol could be useful for reproductive stimulation, the prevention and mitigation of cancer development, and the adverse effects of environmental stressors in reproductive biology and medicine.

scholarly journals The Influence of Turmeric and Curcumin on Female Reproductive Processes

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Sirotkin
Keyword(s):  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Ovarian Cells ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Reproductive Processes

AbstractThe present review summarizes the available knowledge concerning the action of curcumin, the best-known polyphenol among the rhizomes of Curcumas, on female reproductive processes and their dysfunctions. Curcumin affects a number of physiological processes, including female reproduction (puberty, reproductive aging, ovarian follicullogenesis and oogenesis, and fecundity). Curcumin can affect these processes via changes in the release and reception of pituitary and ovarian hormones, growth factors and cytokines. Furthermore, it can influence the response of ovarian cells to these substances and external environmental factors. Finally, curcumin can affect oxidative processes within the ovary and numerous intracellular signalling pathways related to ovarian cell proliferation and apoptosis. These effects suggest the applicability of curcumin for stimulation of female reproductive processes in vivo and in vitro, as well as for the prevention, mitigation, and treatment of various reproductive disorders from ovarian insufficiency and infertility to polycystic ovarian syndrome and ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ridha I. S. Alnuwaysir ◽  
Martijn F. Hoes ◽  
Dirk J. van Veldhuisen ◽  
Peter van der Meer ◽  
Niels Grote Beverborg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Underlying Causes

Iron is an essential micronutrient for a myriad of physiological processes in the body beyond erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF), with a prevalence reaching up to 59% even in non-anaemic patients. ID impairs exercise capacity, reduces the quality of life, increases hospitalisation rate and mortality risk regardless of anaemia. Intravenously correcting ID has emerged as a promising treatment in HF as it has been shown to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life and exercise capacity and reduce hospitalisations. However, the pathophysiology of ID in HF remains poorly characterised. Recognition of ID in HF triggered more research with the aim to explain how correcting ID improves HF status as well as the underlying causes of ID in the first place. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in understanding iron homeostasis by characterising the role of the iron-regulating hormone hepcidin, the effects of ID on skeletal and cardiac myocytes, kidneys and the immune system. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge and recent advances in the pathophysiology of ID in heart failure, the deleterious systemic and cellular consequences of ID.

Therapeutic Potential of Agonists and Antagonists of A1, A2a, A2b and A3 Adenosine Receptors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 2892-2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Jamwal ◽  
Ashish Mittal ◽  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Dana M. Alhayani ◽  
Amal Al-Aboudi
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Central Nervous Systems ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Adenosine is a naturally occurring nucleoside and an essential component of the energy production and utilization systems of the body. Adenosine is formed by the degradation of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) during energy-consuming processes. Adenosine regulates numerous physiological processes through activation of four subtypes of G-protein coupled membrane receptors viz. A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Its physiological importance depends on the affinity of these receptors and the extracellular concentrations reached. ATP acts as a neurotransmitter in both peripheral and central nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, ATP is involved in chemical transmission in sensory and autonomic ganglia, whereas in central nervous system, ATP, released from synaptic terminals, induces fast excitatory postsynaptic currents. ATP provides the energetics for all muscle movements, heart beats, nerve signals and chemical reactions inside the body. Adenosine has been traditionally considered an inhibitor of neuronal activity and a regulator of cerebral blood flow. Since adenosine is neuroprotective against excitotoxic and metabolic dysfunctions observed in neurological and ocular diseases, the search for adenosinerelated drugs regulating adenosine transporters and receptors can be important for advancement of therapeutic strategies against these diseases. This review will summarize the therapeutic potential and recent SAR and pharmacology of adenosine and its receptor agonists and antagonists.

Nanocurcumin: A Double-Edged Sword for Microcancers

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
pp. 5783-5792
Author(s):  
Kholood Abid Janjua ◽  
Adeeb Shehzad ◽  
Raheem Shahzad ◽  
Salman Ul Islam ◽  
Mazhar Ul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Anticancer Effects

There is compelling evidence that drug molecules isolated from natural sources are hindered by low systemic bioavailability, poor absorption, and rapid elimination from the human body. Novel approaches are urgently needed that could enhance the retention time as well as the efficacy of natural products in the body. Among the various adopted approaches to meet this ever-increasing demand, nanoformulations show the most fascinating way of improving the bioavailability of dietary phytochemicals through modifying their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Curcumin, a yellowish pigment isolated from dried ground rhizomes of turmeric, exhibits tremendous pharmacological effects, including anticancer activities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin mediates anticancer effects through the modulation (upregulation and/or downregulations) of several intracellular signaling pathways both at protein and mRNA levels. Scientists have introduced multiple modern techniques and novel dosage forms for enhancing the delivery, bioavailability, and efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various malignancies. These novel dosage forms include nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, phospholipids, and curcumin-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles. Nanocurcumin has shown improved anticancer effects compared to conventional curcumin formulations. This review discusses the underlying molecular mechanism of various nanoformulations of curcumin for the treatment of different cancers. We hope that this study will make a road map for preclinical and clinical investigations of cancer and recommend nano curcumin as a drug of choice for cancer therapy.

Immunotherapy and potential predictive biomarkers in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Xu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Hushan Zhang ◽  
Xueke She ◽  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profile Alterations with Carbon Nanotubes, Quantum Dots, and Silver Nanoparticles: A Review

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Cullen Horstmann ◽  
Victoria Davenport ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Alyse Peters ◽  
Kyoungtae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterial ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has revolutionized sequence-based research. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing has become the method of choice in studying the toxicity of chemical agents through observing and measuring changes in transcript levels. Engineered nanomaterial (ENM)-toxicity has become a major field of research and has adopted microarray and newer RNA-Seq methods. Recently, nanotechnology has become a promising tool in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases in humans. However, due to their high stability, they are likely capable of remaining in the body and environment for long periods of time. Their mechanisms of toxicity and long-lasting effects on our health is still poorly understood. This review explores the effects of three ENMs including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), and Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) by cross examining publications on transcriptomic changes induced by these nanomaterials.

scholarly journals Covalent organic framework nanofluidic membrane as a platform for highly sensitive bionic thermosensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Zhang ◽  
Sifan Chen ◽  
Changjia Zhu ◽  
Linxiao Hou ◽  
Weipeng Xian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Covalent Organic Framework ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Continuous Potential ◽  
Temperature Stimulus ◽  
Nanofluidic System ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Organic Framework

AbstractThermal sensation, which is the conversion of a temperature stimulus into a biological response, is the basis of the fundamental physiological processes that occur ubiquitously in all organisms from bacteria to mammals. Significant efforts have been devoted to fabricating artificial membranes that can mimic the delicate functions of nature; however, the design of a bionic thermometer remains in its infancy. Herein, we report a nanofluidic membrane based on an ionic covalent organic framework (COF) that is capable of intelligently monitoring temperature variations and expressing it in the form of continuous potential differences. The high density of the charged sites present in the sub-nanochannels renders superior permselectivity to the resulting nanofluidic system, leading to a high thermosensation sensitivity of 1.27 mV K−1, thereby outperforming any known natural system. The potential applicability of the developed system is illustrated by its excellent tolerance toward a broad range of salt concentrations, wide working temperatures, synchronous response to temperature stimulation, and long-term ultrastability. Therefore, our study pioneers a way to explore COFs for mimicking the sophisticated signaling system observed in the nature.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Receptor β (GRβ): Beyond Its Dominant-Negative Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Patricia Ramos-Ramírez ◽  
Omar Tliba
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Glucocorticoids (GCs) act via the GC receptor (GR), a receptor ubiquitously expressed in the body where it drives a broad spectrum of responses within distinct cell types and tissues, which vary in strength and specificity. The variability of GR-mediated cell responses is further extended by the existence of GR isoforms, such as GRα and GRβ, generated through alternative splicing mechanisms. While GRα is the classic receptor responsible for GC actions, GRβ has been implicated in the impairment of GRα-mediated activities. Interestingly, in contrast to the popular belief that GRβ actions are restricted to its dominant-negative effects on GRα-mediated responses, GRβ has been shown to have intrinsic activities and “directly” regulates a plethora of genes related to inflammatory process, cell communication, migration, and malignancy, each in a GRα-independent manner. Furthermore, GRβ has been associated with increased cell migration, growth, and reduced sensitivity to GC-induced apoptosis. We will summarize the current knowledge of GRβ-mediated responses, with a focus on the GRα-independent/intrinsic effects of GRβ and the associated non-canonical signaling pathways. Where appropriate, potential links to airway inflammatory diseases will be highlighted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document