scholarly journals Pulmonary Delivery of Anticancer Drugs via Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Lung Cancer: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Abdulbaqi ◽  
Reem Abou Assi ◽  
Anan Yaghmur ◽  
Yusrida Darwis ◽  
Noratiqah Mohtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Direct Delivery

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, responsible for approximately 18.4% of all cancer mortalities in both sexes combined. The use of systemic therapeutics remains one of the primary treatments for LC. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these agents is limited due to their associated severe adverse effects, systemic toxicity and poor selectivity. In contrast, pulmonary delivery of anticancer drugs can provide many advantages over conventional routes. The inhalation route allows the direct delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the target LC cells with high local concertation that may enhance the antitumor activity and lead to lower dosing and fewer systemic toxicities. Nevertheless, this route faces by many physiological barriers and technological challenges that may significantly affect the lung deposition, retention, and efficacy of anticancer drugs. The use of lipid-based nanocarriers could potentially overcome these problems owing to their unique characteristics, such as the ability to entrap drugs with various physicochemical properties, and their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for passive targeting. Besides, they can be functionalized with different targeting moieties for active targeting. This article highlights the physiological, physicochemical, and technological considerations for efficient inhalable anticancer delivery using lipid-based nanocarriers and their cutting-edge role in LC treatment.

scholarly journals Application of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Lung Cancer With Emphasis on Receptors

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyue Wang ◽  
Tong Zhou ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Shuangmin Chen ◽  
Zhenxiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Epr Effect ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Loading System ◽  
Novel Drug

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors that has seen the most rapid growth in terms of morbidity and mortality in recent years, posing the biggest threat to people’s health and lives. In recent years, the nano-drug loading system has made significant progress in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Nanomaterials are used to specifically target tumor tissue to minimize therapeutic adverse effects and increase bioavailability. It is achieved primarily through two mechanisms: passive targeting, which entails the use of enhanced penetration and retention (EPR) effect, and active targeting, which entails the loading recognition ligands for tumor marker molecules onto nanomaterials. However, it has been demonstrated that the EPR effect is effective in rodents but not in humans. Taking this into consideration, researchers paid significant attention to the active targeting nano-drug loading system. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to have a higher affinity and specificity for tumor cells. In this review, it describes the development of research into active targeted nano-drug delivery systems for lung cancer treatment from the receptors’ or targets’ perspective. We anticipate that this study will help biomedical researchers use nanoparticles (NPs) to treat lung cancer by providing more and novel drug delivery strategies or solid ligands.

Phase II study of 10-ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin in patients with stage III and IV non-small-cell lung cancer.

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Y Shum ◽  
M G Kris ◽  
R J Gralla ◽  
M T Burke ◽  
L D Marks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Objective Response ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Small Cell Lung

10-ethyl-10-deaza-aminopterin (10-EDAM) is an analog of methotrexate that differs from its compound by modification of the N10 position and demonstrates greater preclinical antitumor activity and less toxicity. In this phase II trial, 20 patients with stage III or IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were administered 10-EDAM at a dose of 80 mg/m2 once weekly for 5 weeks. No patient had previously received chemotherapy. Nineteen of the 20 patients were adequately treated for response assessment. Six of 19 patients (32%) experienced a major objective response (exact 95% confidence limits, 15% to 55%). The median duration of response has not been reached and will exceed 13 months. Mucositis was the most common toxicity observed. Leukopenia was seen in only 10%, and 15% had platelet nadirs less than 100,000/microL. At the dosage and schedule used, 10-EDAM is an active agent in patients with NSCLC who are previously untreated with chemotherapy with a predicted response rate greater than or equal to 15% (P = .05). Because of its level of antitumor activity and the fact that 10-EDAM causes minimal myelosuppression, it is a suitable agent for further study in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in this disease.

scholarly journals Nigericin decreases the viability of multidrug-resistant cancer cells and lung tumorspheres and potentiates the effects of cardiac glycosides

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 101042831769431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastian Yakisich ◽  
Neelam Azad ◽  
Vivek Kaushik ◽  
George A O’Doherty ◽  
Anand Krishnan V Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Serum Starvation ◽  
Synthetic Analog ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects

Multiple factors including tumor heterogeneity and intrinsic or acquired resistance have been associated with drug resistance in lung cancer. Increased stemness and the plasticity of cancer cells have been identified as important mechanisms of resistance; therefore, treatments targeting cancer cells independent of stemness phenotype would be much more effective in treating lung cancer. In this article, we have characterized the anticancer effects of the antibiotic Nigericin in cells displaying varying degrees of stemness and resistance to anticancer drugs, arising from (1) routine culture conditions, (2) prolonged periods of serum starvation. These cells are highly resistant to conventional anticancer drugs such as Paclitaxel, Hydroxyurea, Colchicine, Obatoclax, Wortmannin, and LY294002, and the multidrug-resistant phenotype of cells growing under prolonged periods of serum starvation is likely the result of extensive rewiring of signaling pathways, and (3) lung tumorspheres that are enriched for cancer stem-like cells. We found that Nigericin potently inhibited the viability of cells growing under routine culture conditions, prolonged periods of serum starvation, and lung tumorspheres. In addition, we found that Nigericin downregulated the expression of key proteins in the Wnt canonical signaling pathway such as LRP6, Wnt5a/b, and β-catenin, but promotes β-catenin translocation into the nucleus. The antitumor effects of Nigericin were potentiated by the Wnt activator HLY78 and by therapeutic levels of the US Food and Drug Administration–approved drug Digitoxin and its novel synthetic analog MonoD. We believe that Nigericin may be used in a co-therapy model in combination with other novel chemotherapeutic agents in order to achieve potent inhibition of cancers that display varying degrees of stemness, potentially leading to sustained anticancer effects.

Injectable Drug-Loaded Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer Treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-494
Author(s):  
Huang-Ping Yu ◽  
Ibrahim A. Aljuffali ◽  
Jia-You Fang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Active Targeting ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Lung Malignancy ◽  
Lung Delivery ◽  
Recent Developments

Different types of injectable nanoparticles, including metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanocarriers, dendrimers, liposomes, niosomes, and lipid nanoparticles, have been employed to load drugs for lung delivery. Nanoparticles used for lung delivery offer some benefits over conventional formulations, including increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, prolonged half-life, tumor targeting, and minimal side effects. In recent years, the concept of using injectable nanocarriers as vehicles for drug delivery has attracted increasing attention. This review highlights recent developments using nanomedical approaches for drug targeting to the lungs. We systematically introduce the concepts and amelioration mechanisms of the nanomedical techniques for lung cancer therapy. Passive targeting by modulating the nanoparticulate structure and the physicochemical properties is an option for efficient drug delivery to the lungs. In addition, active targeting such as antibody or peptide conjugation to nanoparticles is another efficient way to deliver the drugs to the targeted site. This review describes various nanocarriers loaded with anticancer drugs for passive or active targeting of lung malignancy. In this review, we principally focus on the nanomedical application in animal studies. The article excludes investigations limited to cell-based experiments. The review ends by anticipating future developments and trends.

Advancement in Nanotheranostics for Effective Skin Cancer Therapy: State of the Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Habban Akhter ◽  
Mohamed Jawed Ahsan ◽  
Mahfoozur Rahman ◽  
Siraj Anwar ◽  
Md. Rizwanullah
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle ◽  
Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence

: The skin cancer has become a leading concern worldwide as a result of high mortality rate. The treatment modality involves radiation therapy, chemotherapy or surgery. More often combination therapy of chemotherapeutic agents gives better solution over single chemotherapeutic agent. The Globocon report suggested that high incidence and mortality rate in skin cancer is growing day-to-day. This type of cancer is more prevalent in that area where a person is highly exposed to sunlight. The nanotechnology-based therapy is nowadays drawing attention and becoming a more important issue to be discussed. The nanotherapy of skin cancer is dealt with various approaches and strategies. The strategic based approaches imply nanoparticles targeting carcinoma cells, functionalized nanoparticles for specific targeting to cancer cells, receptor-mediated active targeting as nanoshells, nanostrutured lipid carriers, liposome, ethosome, bilosome, polymeric nanoparticle, nanosphere, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, solid lipid nanoparticles and fullerenes which are highly efficient in specific killing of cancer cells. The passive targeting of chemotherapeutic agents is also helpful in dealing with carcinoma due to enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR). : The article outlines nano-based therapy currently focused globally, and the outcomes of the therapy as well.

Antitumor activity of a synthetic agonist of TLR9 in preclinical lung cancer models

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2568-2568
Author(s):  
D. Wang ◽  
D. Yu ◽  
E. R. Kandimalla ◽  
S. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Lung Cancer Model

2568 Background: Synthetic agonists of TLR9 induce potent Th1-type innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present study, we have studied antitumor activity of a synthetic agonist of TLR9 referred to as immune modulatory oligonucleotide (IMO) in lung cancer models either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Methods: Two different models are evaluated. In one model, mice implanted peritoneally with 3LL-C75 lung carcinoma cells were administered with IMO or PBS once in every two days for six times for evaluating antitumor activity of IMO alone. In a second model, to evaluate combination treatment of IMO with Gemcitabine or cyclophosphamide, mice bearing subcutaneously implanted 3LL tumor were administered with peritumoral injections of IMO and i.p. injections of Gemcitabine or cyclophosphamide. Results and Conclusions: Administration of IMO to mice bearing 3LL-C75 lung carcinoma inhibited tumor growth. Tumor free mice from this study failed to grow tumor when rechallenged with 3LL-C75 lung carcinoma cells, suggesting tumor bearing mice administered with IMO developed memory responses for the same tumor. Further more, naïve mice adoptively transferred with splenocytes obtained from mice that remained tumor free from the above treatment group failed to grow tumor to a rechallenge with 3LL-C75 tumor cells. The co-administration of IMO with chemotherapeutic agents, Gemcitabine and cyclophosphamide resulted in enhanced antitumor effects in 3LL lung cancer model. The present studies show potent antitumor activity of IMO when administered alone and in combination with Gemcitabine and cyclophosphamide in preclinical lung cancer models. [Table: see text]

Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 2118-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Hanikoglu ◽  
Hakan Ozben ◽  
Ferhat Hanikoglu ◽  
Tomris Ozben
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Hybrid Compounds ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

: Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.

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