scholarly journals Alginate Nanoformulation: Influence of Process and Selected Variables

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Hazem Choukaife ◽  
Abd Almonem Doolaanea ◽  
Mulham Alfatama
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Formulation Parameters

Nanocarriers are defined as structures and devices that are constructed using nanomaterials which add functionality to the encapsulants. Being small in size and having a customized surface, improved solubility and multi-functionality, it is envisaged that nanoparticles will continue to create new biomedical applications owing to their stability, solubility, and bioavailability, as well as controlled release of drugs. The type and physiochemical as well as morphological attributes of nanoparticles influence their interaction with living cells and determine the route of administration, clearance, as well as related toxic effects. Over the past decades, biodegradable polymers such as polysaccharides have drowned a great deal of attention in pharmaceutical industry with respect to designing of drug delivery systems. On this note, biodegradable polymeric nanocarrier is deemed to control the release of the drug, stabilize labile molecules from degradation and site-specific drug targeting, with the main aim of reducing the dosing frequency and prolonging the therapeutic outcomes. Thus, it is essential to select the appropriate biopolymer material, e.g., sodium alginate to formulate nanoparticles for controlled drug delivery. Alginate has attracted considerable interest in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications as a matrix material of nanocarriers due to its inherent biological properties, including good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Various techniques have been adopted to synthesize alginate nanoparticles in order to introduce more rational, coherent, efficient and cost-effective properties. This review highlights the most used and recent manufacturing techniques of alginate-based nanoparticulate delivery system, including emulsification/gelation complexation, layer-by-layer, spray drying, electrospray and electrospinning methods. Besides, the effects of the main processing and formulation parameters on alginate nanoparticles are also summarized.

Viscoelastic Properties of Genetically Engineered Silk-Elastin-Like Protein Polymers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibing Teng ◽  
Joseph Cappello ◽  
Xiaoyi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Cross Links ◽  
New Protein ◽  
Polypeptide Sequences

Genetic engineering of protein-based materials provides material scientists with high levels of control in material microstructures, properties, and functions [1]. For example, multi-block protein copolymers in which individual block may possess distinct mechanical or biological properties have been biosynthesized [2, 3]. Polypeptide sequences derived from well-studied structural proteins (e.g., collagen, silk, elastin) are often used as motifs in the design and synthesis of new protein-based material, in which new functional groups may be incorporated. In this fashion, we have produced a series of silk-elastin-like proteins (SELPs) consisting of polypeptide sequences derived from silk of superior mechanical strength and elastin that is extremely durable and resilient [2, 4]. Notably, the silk-like blocks are capable of crystallizing to form virtual cross-links between elastin-mimetic sequences, which, in turn, lower the crystallinity of the silk-like blocks and thus enhance the solubility of SELPs. Consequently, SELPs may be fabricated into useful structures for biomedical applications, including drug delivery. In this study, we will characterize viscoelastic properties of SELPs, which are particularly relevant to tissue engineering applications.

scholarly journals Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications: Fucoidan and Chitosan as Key Players in the Drug Delivery Match Field

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Barbosa ◽  
Ana Joyce Coutinho ◽  
Sofia A. Costa Lima ◽  
Salette Reis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Bioactive Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Se

The use of marine-origin polysaccharides has increased in recent research because they are abundant, cheap, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These features motivate their application in nanotechnology as drug delivery systems; in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, or wound dressing; in biosensors; and even water treatment. Given the physicochemical and bioactive properties of fucoidan and chitosan, a wide range of nanostructures has been developed with these polysaccharides per se and in combination. This review provides an outline of these marine polysaccharides, including their sources, chemical structure, biological properties, and nanomedicine applications; their combination as nanoparticles with descriptions of the most commonly used production methods; and their physicochemical and biological properties applied to the design of nanoparticles to deliver several classes of compounds. A final section gives a brief overview of some biomedical applications of fucoidan and chitosan for tissue engineering and wound healing.

scholarly journals Mechanical and bioactivity assessment of wollastonite/PVA composite synthesized from bentonite clay

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (374) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
L. A. Adams ◽  
E. R. Essien ◽  
E. E. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Matrix Configuration

Abstract Glass/polymer composites can mimic the natural structure of bone by possessing a fiber-matrix configuration which provides appropriate physical and biological properties. Wollastonite ceramics are known for their promising bioactivity and biocompatibility when applied in bone regeneration. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has various attractive properties including biocompatibility and degradability which may be exploited as a polymer matrix in composites for biomedical applications. Therefore, a cost-effective method of preparing wollastonite/PVA composites is desirable by starting from bentonite clay as a silica source for the glass, instead of traditional alkoxysilanes. The composite prepared was characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to evaluate its compressive strength, morphology, phase composition and bioactivity, respectively. Results obtained revealed for the composite a compressive strength of 0.3 MPa, the ability to induce apatite on its surface when immersed in a simulated body fluid for 7 days and desirable controlled degradation. Hence, this method can be up-scaled for preparation of wollastonite/PVA composite commercially for possible use in bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Bionanofactories for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Toward Antimicrobial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11993
Author(s):  
Ashvi Sanjay Jain ◽  
Pranita Subhash Pawar ◽  
Aira Sarkar ◽  
Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula ◽  
Sathish Dyawanapelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Shed Light

Among the various types of nanoparticles and their strategy for synthesis, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained much attention in the biomedical, cellular imaging, cosmetics, drug delivery, food, and agrochemical industries due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. The green synthesis strategies incorporate the use of plant extracts, living organisms, or biomolecules as bioreducing and biocapping agents, also known as bionanofactories for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The use of green chemistry is ecofriendly, biocompatible, nontoxic, and cost-effective. We shed light on the recent advances in green synthesis and physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles by considering the outcomes from recent studies applying SEM, TEM, AFM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and XRD techniques. Furthermore, we cover the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of silver nanoparticles.

scholarly journals An Overview on Atomization and Its Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5173
Author(s):  
Anu Mohandas ◽  
Hongrong Luo ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Spray Formation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Process Dimension

Atomization is an intricate operation involving unstable and complex networks with rupture and fusion of liquid molecules. There are diverse details that typify the spray formation, which are the technique and configuration of the atomization process, dimension and structure of the nozzle, experimental parameters, etc. Ultimately, the process generates fine sprays from the bulk of a liquid. Some examples of atomization that we come across in our day-to-day life are antiperspirant or hair spray, shower head, garden sprinkler, or cologne mist. In this review paper we are briefly discussing the theoretical steps taking place in an atomization technique. The instabilities of the jet and sheet are explained to understand the underlying theory that breaks the jet or sheet into droplets. Different types of atomization processes based on the energy sources are also summarized to give an idea about the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. We are also discussing the various biomedical applications of the electrohydrodynamic atomization and its potential to use as a drug delivery system. In short, this paper is trying to demonstrate the diverse applications of atomization to show its potency as a user friendly and cost-effective technique for various purposes.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials: Fullerenes, Quantum Dots, Nanotubes, Nanofibers, and Graphene

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 5978
Author(s):  
Manish Gaur ◽  
Charu Misra ◽  
Awadh Bihari Yadav ◽  
Shiv Swaroop ◽  
Fionn Ó. Maolmhuaidh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Target Drug Delivery ◽  
Target Drug

Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have received tremendous interest in the area of nanotechnology due to their unique properties and flexible dimensional structure. CNMs have excellent electrical, thermal, and optical properties that make them promising materials for drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and tissue engineering applications. Currently, there are many types of CNMs, such as quantum dots, nanotubes, nanosheets, and nanoribbons; and there are many others in development that promise exciting applications in the future. The surface functionalization of CNMs modifies their chemical and physical properties, which enhances their drug loading/release capacity, their ability to target drug delivery to specific sites, and their dispersibility and suitability in biological systems. Thus, CNMs have been effectively used in different biomedical systems. This review explores the unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that allow CNMs to improve on the state of the art materials currently used in different biomedical applications. The discussion also embraces the emerging biomedical applications of CNMs, including targeted drug delivery, medical implants, tissue engineering, wound healing, biosensing, bioimaging, vaccination, and photodynamic therapy.

Layer-by-Layer Engineered Microbicide Drug Delivery System Targeting HIV-1 gp120: Physicochemical and Biological Properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 3512-3527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fohona S. Coulibaly ◽  
Miezan J. M. Ezoulin ◽  
Sudhaunshu S. Purohit ◽  
Navid J. Ayon ◽  
Nathan A. Oyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties ◽  
Hiv 1

Self-Assembly Technique for Biomedical Applications

Nano LIFE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 1542002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Gong
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Biomedical Materials ◽  
Biomedical Material ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Assembly Technique

Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly has attracted extensive attention for its simplicity and versatility. Self-assembly has many potential applications, among which biomedical applications is especially important because it can be used as a means of generating drug delivery and biomedical materials. Based on this, most recent progress in the field of self-assembly technique for drug delivery and biomedical material applications are summarized in this mini review. The remaining challenges are also mentioned.

Photoresponsive Delivery Of Nanovectors: A Review Of Concepts And Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Lalan ◽  
Maanika Menon ◽  
Pranav Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Exogenous Stimulus

: Stimuli-triggered nanovectors for drug delivery enhance the clinical efficacy and decrease the toxicity by specifically conveying the drugs to the site of target with higher specificity and efficiency. Several stimuli have been regarded, but light as an exogenous stimulus renders several benefits in clinical usage, like elevated spatial and temporal control. A number of photochemical mechanisms have been exploited in the design of photo triggered nanocarriers for biomedical applications. Light in conjugation with photosensitizers or imaging agents in nanovectors can help ensure precise diagnosis, drug delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes. Nanomedicine plays a key role in enhancing therapeutic efficacy and limiting the adverse effects. The review evaluates the multiple nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymersomes, micelles, nanogels etc., which have leveraged the advantages of phototargeting via photothermal, photochemical, photo isomerization and upconversion based activation strategies for efficient drug targeting to intracellular and other regions. An overview of the significant benefits and constraints, and the latest developments in the most popular and recent photoresponsive drug delivery methods is provided to critically judge the prospectives for success and limitations and delve upon the possible future perspectives in the field.

NANO AND MICRO-STRUCTURES OF ELASTIN-LIKE POLYPEPTIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Nano LIFE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 1343002 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL A. TURNER ◽  
GAURAV V. JOSHI ◽  
C. ANDREW WEEKS ◽  
R. SCOTT WILLIAMSON ◽  
AARON D. PUCKETT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Micro Structures

Elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) containing materials have spurred significant research interest for biomedical applications exploiting their biocompatible, biodegradable and nonimmunogenic nature while maintaining precise control over their chemical structure and functionality through genetic engineering. Physical, mechanical and biological properties of ELPs could be further manipulated using genetic engineering or through conjugation with a variety of chemical moieties. These chemical and physical modifications also achieve interesting micro- and nanostructured ELP-based materials. Here, we review the recent developments during the past decade in the methods to engineer elastin-like materials, available genetic and chemical modification methods and applications of ELP micro and nanostructures in tissue engineering and drug delivery.

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