scholarly journals TRPM8 Channels and Dry Eye

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Yang ◽  
Edward Wei ◽  
Seong Kim ◽  
Kyung Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Chemical Irritation ◽  
Body Discomfort ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
The Brain

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels transduce signals of chemical irritation and temperature change from the ocular surface to the brain. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder wherein the eyes react to trivial stimuli with abnormal sensations, such as dryness, blurring, presence of foreign body, discomfort, irritation, and pain. There is increasing evidence of TRP channel dysfunction (i.e., TRPV1 and TRPM8) in DED pathophysiology. Here, we review some of this literature and discuss one strategy on how to manage DED using a TRPM8 agonist.

Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in the Brain: the Good and the Ugly

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Nilius
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
The Brain

The ‘transient receptor potential’ (TRP) multigene family encodes sixspan membrane proteins that function as ion channels in mostly tetrameric structures. Members of this family are conserved from yeast, worm, fly to invertebrate, vertebrate and man. These channels have been stigmatized to function only as cell sensors occupied by sensory function. It turns out that TRP channels fulfil a plethora of cellular functions, including non-sensory functions in our brain. This short paper will highlight the advent of novel ion channels in the brain serving different functions and being significantly involved in the genesis of multiple diseases. We will certainly witness a plethora of the novel roles of this protein family in physiological and pathophysiological functions in our central nervous system.

scholarly journals TRPM2 in the Brain: Role in Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Sita ◽  
Patrizia Hrelia ◽  
Agnese Graziosi ◽  
Gloria Ravegnini ◽  
Fabiana Morroni
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Multiple Signaling ◽  
The Brain

Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins have been implicated in several cell functions as non-selective cation channels, with about 30 different mammalian TRP channels having been recognized. Among them, TRP-melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is particularly involved in the response to oxidative stress and inflammation, while its activity depends on the presence of intracellular calcium (Ca2+). TRPM2 is involved in several physiological and pathological processes in the brain through the modulation of multiple signaling pathways. The aim of the present review is to provide a brief summary of the current insights of TRPM2 role in health and disease to focalize our attention on future potential neuroprotective strategies.

scholarly journals Roles of TRP Channels in Neurological Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Sheng Tu ◽  
Jianmin Zhang ◽  
Anwen Shao
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Neuroprotective Strategies ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Brain

Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins consist of a superfamily of cation channels that have been involved in diverse physiological processes in the brain as well as in the pathogenesis of neurological disease. TRP channels are widely expressed in the brain, including neurons and glial cells, as well as in the cerebral vascular endothelium and smooth muscle. Members of this channel superfamily show a wide variety of mechanisms ranging from ligand binding to voltage, physical, and chemical stimuli, implying the promising therapeutic potential of TRP in neurological diseases. In this review, we focus on the physiological functions of TRP channels in the brain and the pathological roles in neurological disorders to explore future potential neuroprotective strategies.

scholarly journals Capsazepine decreases corneal pain syndrome in severe dry eye disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darine Fakih ◽  
Adrian Guerrero-Moreno ◽  
Christophe Baudouin ◽  
Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo ◽  
Stéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Pain ◽  
Trpv1 Antagonist ◽  
Transient Receptor

Abstract Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface accompanied by neurosensory abnormalities. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) blockade to alleviate ocular pain, neuroinflammation, and anxiety-like behavior associated with severe DED. Methods Chronic DED was induced by unilateral excision of the Harderian and extraorbital lacrimal glands of adult male mice. Investigations were conducted at 21 days after surgery. The mRNA levels of TRPV1, transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), and acid-sensing ion channels 1 and 3 (ASIC1 and ASIC3) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) were evaluated by RNAscope in situ hybridization. Multi-unit extracellular recording of ciliary nerve fiber activity was used to monitor spontaneous and stimulated (cold, heat, and acid) corneal nerve responsiveness in ex vivo eye preparations. DED mice received topical instillations of the TRPV1 antagonist (capsazepine) twice a day for 2 weeks from d7 to d21 after surgery. The expression of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain was evaluated in the TG using a global genomic approach. Chemical and mechanical corneal nociception and spontaneous ocular pain were monitored. Finally, anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by elevated plus maze and black and white box tests. Results First, in situ hybridization showed DED to trigger upregulation of TRPV1, TRPA1, ASIC1, and ASIC3 mRNA in the ophthalmic branch of the TG. DED also induced overexpression of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the TG. Repeated instillations of capsazepine reduced corneal polymodal responsiveness to heat, cold, and acidic stimulation in ex vivo eye preparations. Consistent with these findings, chronic capsazepine instillation inhibited the upregulation of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the TG of DED animals and reduced the sensation of ocular pain, as well as anxiety-like behaviors associated with severe DED. Conclusion These data provide novel insights on the effectiveness of TRPV1 antagonist instillation in alleviating abnormal corneal neurosensory symptoms induced by severe DED, opening an avenue for the repositioning of this molecule as a potential analgesic treatment for patients suffering from chronic DED.

Intragastric administration of capsiate, a transient receptor potential channel agonist, triggers thermogenic sympathetic responses

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Ono ◽  
Masako Tsukamoto-Yasui ◽  
Yoshiko Hara-Kimura ◽  
Naohiko Inoue ◽  
Yoshihito Nogusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Channel ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Reflex Arc ◽  
Transient Receptor

The sympathetic thermoregulatory system controls the magnitude of adaptive thermogenesis in correspondence with the environmental temperature or the state of energy intake and plays a key role in determining the resultant energy storage. However, the nature of the trigger initiating this reflex arc remains to be determined. Here, using capsiate, a digestion-vulnerable capsaicin analog, we examined the involvement of specific activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels within the gastrointestinal tract in the thermogenic sympathetic system by measuring the efferent activity of the postganglionic sympathetic nerve innervating brown adipose tissue (BAT) in anesthetized rats. Intragastric administration of capsiate resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in integrated BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) over 180 min, which was characterized by an emergence of sporadic high-activity phases composed of low-frequency bursts. This increase in BAT SNA was abolished by blockade of TRP channels as well as of sympathetic ganglionic transmission and was inhibited by ablation of the gastrointestinal vagus nerve. The activation of SNA was delimited to BAT and did not occur in the heart or pancreas. These results point to a neural pathway enabling the selective activation of the central network regulating the BAT SNA in response to a specific stimulation of gastrointestinal TRP channels and offer important implications for understanding the dietary-dependent regulation of energy metabolism and control of obesity.

scholarly journals Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid in the Brain Gliovascular Unit: Prospective Targets in Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Huilong Luo ◽  
Xavier Declèves ◽  
Salvatore Cisternino
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Trpv Channels ◽  
Gliovascular Unit ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
The Brain

The gliovascular unit (GVU) is composed of the brain microvascular endothelial cells forming blood–brain barrier and the neighboring surrounding “mural” cells (e.g., pericytes) and astrocytes. Modulation of the GVU/BBB features could be observed in a variety of vascular, immunologic, neuro-psychiatric diseases, and cancers, which can disrupt the brain homeostasis. Ca2+ dynamics have been regarded as a major factor in determining BBB/GVU properties, and previous studies have demonstrated the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in modulating Ca2+ and BBB/GVU properties. The physiological role of thermosensitive TRPV channels in the BBB/GVU, as well as their possible therapeutic potential as targets in treating brain diseases via preserving the BBB are reviewed. TRPV2 and TRPV4 are the most abundant isoforms in the human BBB, and TRPV2 was evidenced to play a main role in regulating human BBB integrity. Interspecies differences in TRPV2 and TRPV4 BBB expression complicate further preclinical validation. More studies are still needed to better establish the physiopathological TRPV roles such as in astrocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. The effect of the chronic TRPV modulation should also deserve further studies to evaluate their benefit and innocuity in vivo.

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