scholarly journals Simultaneous Quantification of Vibrio metoecus and Vibrio cholerae with Its O1 Serogroup and Toxigenic Subpopulations in Environmental Reservoirs

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1053
Author(s):  
Tania Nasreen ◽  
Nora A. S. Hussain ◽  
Mohammad Tarequl Islam ◽  
Fabini D. Orata ◽  
Paul C. Kirchberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Culture Independent

Vibrio metoecus is a recently described aquatic bacterium and opportunistic pathogen, closely related to and often coexisting with Vibrio cholerae. To study the relative abundance and population dynamics of both species in aquatic environments of cholera-endemic and cholera-free regions, we developed a multiplex qPCR assay allowing simultaneous quantification of total V. metoecus and V. cholerae (including toxigenic and O1 serogroup) cells. The presence of V. metoecus was restricted to samples from regions that are not endemic for cholera, where it was found at 20% of the abundance of V. cholerae. In this environment, non-toxigenic O1 serogroup V. cholerae represents almost one-fifth of the total V. cholerae population. In contrast, toxigenic O1 serogroup V. cholerae was also present in low abundance on the coast of cholera-endemic regions, but sustained in relatively high proportions throughout the year in inland waters. The majority of cells from both Vibrio species were recovered from particles rather than free-living, indicating a potential preference for attached versus planktonic lifestyles. This research further elucidates the population dynamics underpinning V. cholerae and its closest relative in cholera-endemic and non-endemic regions through culture-independent quantification from environmental samples.

scholarly journals NhaA, an Na+/H+ Antiporter Involved in Environmental Survival of Vibrio cholerae

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (10) ◽  
pp. 2937-2944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vimont ◽  
Patrick Berche
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcriptional Fusion ◽  
Free Living ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Functional Homology ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae, the agent of cholera, is a normal inhabitant of aquatic environments, in which it survives under a wide range of conditions of pH and salinity. In this work, we identified thenhaA gene in a wild-type epidemic strain of V. cholerae O1. nhaA encodes a protein of 382 amino acids that is very similar to the proteins NhaA of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus (∼87% identity), and Escherichia coli (56% identity). V. cholerae NhaA complements an E. coli nhaA mutant, enabling it to grow in 700 mM NaCl, pH 7.5, indicating functional homology to E. coli NhaA. However, unlike E. coli, the growth of a nhaA-inactivated mutant ofV. cholerae was not restricted at various pH and NaCl concentrations, although it was inhibited in the presence of 120 mM LiCl at pH 8.5. Nevertheless, using a nhaA′-lacZtranscriptional fusion, we observed induction of nhaAtranscription by Na+, Li+, and K+. These results strongly suggest that NhaA is an Na+/H+ antiporter contributing to the Na+/H+ homeostasis of V. cholerae. nhaA-related sequences were detected in all strains ofV. cholerae from the various serogroups. This gene is presumably involved in the survival and persistence of free-living bacteria in their natural habitat.

scholarly journals Preferential association of the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (stn) with environmental strains of Vibrio cholerae belonging to the O14 serogroup

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SARKAR ◽  
T. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
T. RAMAMURTHY ◽  
T. SHIMADA ◽  
Y. TAKEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Enterotoxin Gene ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Ctx Prophage ◽  
Preferential Association

Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups have the capacity of causing epidemic and pandemic cholera but are infrequently found in the environment. The other serogroups are abundant in aquatic environments but do not possess the virulence genes necessary for causing the disease. Of the 559 environmental strains of V. cholerae, collected during different periods from environmental samples in Calcutta, 9 (1.6%) harboured the heat-stable enterotoxin gene (stn). Six of the 9 strains belonged to the O14 serogroup. Thus, V. cholerae strains carrying the stn gene revealed preferential association with the O14 serogroup. Three of the six strains harboured the tcpA gene of the E1 Tor type, which is an unusual feature among environmental V. cholerae strains. A strain that possessed the E1 Tor type tcpA also had the CTX prophage. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that the stn gene positive O14 strains of V. cholerae were not clonal.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Ecology and Physiology of Methanomassiliicoccales from Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Marc Cozannet ◽  
Guillaume Borrel ◽  
Erwan Roussel ◽  
Yann Moalic ◽  
Maxime Allioux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Sediment Slurry ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Dihydrogen Oxidation

Members of the archaeal order Methanomassiliicoccales are methanogens mainly associated with animal digestive tracts. However, environmental members remain poorly characterized as no representatives not associated with a host have been cultivated so far. In this study, metabarcoding screening combined with quantitative PCR analyses on a collection of diverse non-host-associated environmental samples revealed that Methanomassiliicoccales were very scarce in most terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales and substrates/products of methanogenesis were monitored during incubation of environmental slurries. A sediment slurry enriched in Methanomassiliicoccales was obtained from a freshwater sample. It allowed the reconstruction of a high-quality metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) corresponding to a new candidate species, for which we propose the name of Candidatus ‘Methanomassiliicoccus armoricus MXMAG1’. Comparison of the annotated genome of MXMAG1 with the published genomes and MAGs from Methanomassiliicoccales belonging to the 2 known clades (‘free-living’/non-host-associated environmental clade and ‘host-associated’/digestive clade) allowed us to explore the putative physiological traits of Candidatus ‘M. armoricus MXMAG1’. As expected, Ca. ‘Methanomassiliicoccus armoricus MXMAG1’ had the genetic potential to produce methane by reduction of methyl compounds and dihydrogen oxidation. This MAG encodes for several putative physiological and stress response adaptations, including biosynthesis of trehalose (osmotic and temperature regulations), agmatine production (pH regulation), and arsenic detoxication, by reduction and excretion of arsenite, a mechanism that was only present in the ‘free-living’ clade. An analysis of co-occurrence networks carried out on environmental samples and slurries also showed that Methanomassiliicoccales detected in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems were strongly associated with acetate and dihydrogen producing bacteria commonly found in digestive habitats and which have been reported to form syntrophic relationships with methanogens.

Abundance of Boeckella gracilis (Daday, 1902) (Copepoda, Calanoida) in seasonal coastal pools in the Araucania region (38°S, Chile)

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1211-1217
Author(s):  
Patricio De los Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Absolute Abundance ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation

Abstract The presence of the calanoid copepod Boeckella gracilis (Daday, 1902) in Chilean seasonal pools has been only poorly studied as yet. The aim of the present study thus is to investigate the role of conductivity and temperature on the relative and absolute abundance of B. gracilis in seasonal coastal pools in the Araucania region (38°S, Chile). The results of correlation analysis revealed the presence of a significant inverse correlation between conductivity and relative abundance, whereas no significant correlations were found between conductivity and absolute abundance, between temperature and absolute abundance, and between temperature and relative abundance. These results agree partially with similar observations for mountain pools in the same region, but they would not agree with observations for calanoids of saline and subsaline inland waters in the northern and southern extremes of Chile. Considering this scenario, the species would show different populational responses to environmental stress in different situations, which phenomenon deserves to be studied more extensively and in more detail.

lolB gene, a valid alternative for qPCR detection of Vibrio cholerae in food and environmental samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Garrido-Maestu ◽  
María-José Chapela ◽  
Juan M. Vieites ◽  
Ana G. Cabado
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Environmental Samples

scholarly journals Chronic otitis media following infection by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae: A case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Sara M. Van Bonn ◽  
Sebastian P. Schraven ◽  
Tobias Schuldt ◽  
Markus M. Heimesaat ◽  
Robert Mlynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Intestinal Infections

AbstractWe report a case of a chronic mesotympanic otitis media with a smelly purulent secretion from both ears and recurrent otalgia over the last five years in a six-year-old girl after swimming in the German Baltic Sea. Besides Staphylococcus aureus a non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain could be isolated from patient samples. An antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone was administered followed by atticotomy combined with tympanoplasty. We conclude that V. cholerae should not be overlooked as a differential diagnosis to otitis infections, especially when patients present with extra-intestinal infections after contact with brackish- or saltwater aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Culture‐independent analysis of hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial communities in environmental samples during oil‐bioremediation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e00630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narjes Dashti ◽  
Nedaa Ali ◽  
Samar Salamah ◽  
Majida Khanafer ◽  
Ghada Al‐Shamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Independent Analysis ◽  
Culture Independent
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