scholarly journals Reemerging Rice Orange Leaf Phytoplasma with Varying Symptoms Expressions and Its Transmission by a New Leafhopper Vector—Nephotettix virescens Distant

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Gilda B. Jonson ◽  
Jerlie M. Matres ◽  
Socheath Ong ◽  
Toshiharu Tanaka ◽  
Il-Ryong Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Seedling ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Leafhopper Vector ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Vector Insect ◽  
Orange Leaf ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Transmission Ability

Rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) belongs to the “Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris” 16SrI-B subgroup, which is solely transmitted by the zigzag-striped leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis Motchulsky) and the green leafhopper (Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Recently, rice plants showing orange leaf discoloration have become ubiquitous in several paddies of two provinces in the Philippines. In total of 98 symptomatic rice plants, 82% (Laguna) and 95% (Mindanao) were ROLP-positive by nested PCR detection. These plants showed more varying symptoms than previously reported. The vector insect R. dorsalis was scarcely present but green paddy leafhopper, N. virescens Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), was commonly observed in the paddies, thus the ability of N. virescens to transmit ROLP was thoroughly investigated. Newly emerged adult N. virescens, which fed on ROLD-source rice plants, were used to inoculate a susceptible rice seedling and was serially transferred into a new healthy seedling. Resultant positive transmission rates varied from 5.1% to 17.8%. The transmission ability of the insects was generally decreased over time. These findings suggest that N. virescens is an alternative vector of ROLP in the Philippines. Altogether, this study highlighted the increasing importance of ROLD-reemergence in Southeast and East Asia and proved the need for careful management of this alternative vector insect.

scholarly journals Monitoring Water-Related Ecosystems with Earth Observation Data in Support of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raha Hakimdavar ◽  
Alfred Hubbard ◽  
Frederick Policelli ◽  
Amy Pickens ◽  
Matthew Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Data Products ◽  
Over Time

Lack of national data on water-related ecosystems is a major challenge to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 targets by 2030. Monitoring surface water extent, wetlands, and water quality from space can be an important asset for many countries in support of SDG 6 reporting. We demonstrate the potential for Earth observation (EO) data to support country reporting for SDG Indicator 6.6.1, ‘Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time’ and identify important considerations for countries using these data for SDG reporting. The spatial extent of water-related ecosystems, and the partial quality of water within these ecosystems is investigated for seven countries. Data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat 5, 7, and 8 with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) are used to measure surface water extent at 250 m and 30 m spatial resolution, respectively, in Cambodia, Jamaica, Peru, the Philippines, Senegal, Uganda, and Zambia. The extent of mangroves is mapped at 30 m spatial resolution using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel-1, and SRTM data for Jamaica, Peru, and Senegal. Using Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A imagery, total suspended solids and chlorophyll-a are mapped over time for a select number of large surface water bodies in Peru, Senegal, and Zambia. All of the EO datasets used are of global coverage and publicly available at no cost. The temporal consistency and long time-series of many of the datasets enable replicability over time, making reporting of change from baseline values consistent and systematic. We find that statistical comparisons between different surface water data products can help provide some degree of confidence for countries during their validation process and highlight the need for accuracy assessments when using EO-based land change data for SDG reporting. We also raise concern that EO data in the context of SDG Indicator 6.6.1 reporting may be more challenging for some countries, such as small island nations, than others to use in assessing the extent of water-related ecosystems due to scale limitations and climate variability. Country-driven validation of the EO data products remains a priority to ensure successful data integration in support of SDG Indicator 6.6.1 reporting. Multi-country studies such as this one can be valuable tools for helping to guide the evolution of SDG monitoring methodologies and provide a useful resource for countries reporting on water-related ecosystems. The EO data analyses and statistical methods used in this study can be easily replicated for country-driven validation of EO data products in the future.

Levels and Potential Sources of Heavy Metals in Major Irrigated Rice Areas of the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehru C. Magahud ◽  
Rodrigo B. Badayos ◽  
Pearl B. Sanchez ◽  
Pompe C. Sta. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Soil Metal ◽  
Very High

Industrialization, urbanization and intensive use of farm inputs can pollute agricultural areas. The study was then conducted to assess the levels of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the country’s major rice areas. The study also determined the contributions of soil properties, land uses, irrigation water, and farm inputs to the metal levels. Strategic collections of soil, plant and water samples in the country’s major soil series planted to rice, analyses of samples using x-ray fluorescence or atomic absorption spectroscopy, and farmer interviews were done. Metal levels were very high in Zambales and Negros Occidental soils due to deposition or use of metal-enriched mine tailings and irrigation water. Soil metal concentrations in Zambales far exceeded the intervention values of 180 mg/kg for Cr and 100 mg/kg for Ni. Soil metal levels in Negros Occidental exceeded the intervention value of 190 mg/kg for Cu and Mo. Rice plants in Negros Occidental exceeded the toxic levels of 30 mg/kg for Cu and 10-50 mg/kg for Mo due to the very high soil Cu and Mo concentrations in the area. Molybdenum concentrations of rice plants in Sultan Kudarat and Camarines Sur exceeded the toxic level due to the high amounts of foliar chemicals applied at >66 sprayer loads per year. The study implies that rice areas deposited with mine wastes have high heavy metal levels, and foliar chemicals can increase metal levels in rice.   Keywords - Environmental toxicology, heavy metals, heavy metal sources, rice soils, Philippines

scholarly journals Iatrogenic Anetoderma of Prematurity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maffeis ◽  
Lorenza Pugni ◽  
Carlo Pietrasanta ◽  
Andrea Ronchi ◽  
Monica Fumagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Skin Disorder ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Elastic Tissue ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Careful Management ◽  
Over Time

Anetoderma is a skin disorder characterized by focal loss of elastic tissue in the mid dermis, resulting in localized areas of macular depressions or pouchlike herniations of skin. An iatrogenic form of anetoderma has been rarely described in extremely premature infants and has been related to the placement of monitoring devices on the patient skin. Because of the increasing survival of extremely premature infants, it is easy to foresee that the prevalence of anetoderma of prematurity will increase in the next future. Although it is a benign lesion, it persists over time and can lead to significant aesthetic damage with need for surgical correction. Sometimes the diagnosis can be difficult, especially when the atrophic lesions become evident after discharge. Here, we report on a premature infant born at 24 weeks of gestation, who developed multiple anetodermic patches of skin on the trunk at the sites where electrocardiographic electrodes were previously applied. The knowledge of the disease can encourage a more careful management of the skin of extremely premature babies and aid the physicians to diagnose the disease when anetoderma patches are first encountered later in childhood.

scholarly journals Crocodiles in Philippine Folklore

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Takashi Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sick People ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Palawan Island ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Filipino People

This study investigates Philippine folklore of saltwater crocodiles to understand the relationships that people have with them from an anthropological perspective. The collected folklore was classified into eight types: 1) ancestor, 2) monkey heart, 3) red hen, 4) execution, 5) incarnation, 6) deception, 7) monster, and 8) Lusmore. The analysis shows that the crocodile folklore of the Philippines is strongly connected to that of the indigenous people in Borneo. Filipino people tend to recognize crocodiles as both fierce and foolish because they are harmful to their society. In their history, they have rigorously hunted crocodiles for their skin, causing their relationship with them to significantly diminish over time. However, crocodiles are also seen as having the supernatural power to cure sick people, so eating them is prohibited among the Pala’wan on Palawan Island, for instance. This paper concludes that the Filipino people and the crocodile were able to build a harmonious relationship of coexistence in the past, and the current corrupted relationship must change for its future wellbeing.

scholarly journals COVID-19 em Londrina-PR: Modelo SEIR com Otimização de Parâmetros

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1 Supl) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Eliandro Rodrigues Cirilo ◽  
Paulo Laerte Natti ◽  
Pedro Henrique Valério de Godoi ◽  
Andina Lerma ◽  
Vitor Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
City Hall ◽  
Over Time

The first cases of COVID-19 in Londrina-PR were manifested in March 2020 and the disease lasts until the present moment. We aim to inform citizens in a scientific way about how the disease spreads. The present work seeks to describe the behavior of the disease over time. We started from a compartmental model of ordinary differential equations like SEIR to find relevant information such as: transmission rates and prediction of the peak of infected people. We used the data released by city hall of Londrina to carry out simulations in periods of 14 days, applying a parameter optimization technique to obtain results with thegreatest possible credibility.

scholarly journals The Intergenerational Transmission of Teaching

2020 ◽  
pp. 000283122096387
Author(s):  
Alberto Jacinto ◽  
Seth Gershenson
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Parental Influences ◽  
White Children ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Over Time

Parental influences, particularly parents’ occupations, may influence individuals’ entry into the teaching profession. This mechanism may contribute to the relatively static demographic composition of the teaching force over time. We assess the role of parental influences on occupational choice by testing whether the children of teachers are disproportionately likely to become teachers themselves and whether the intergenerational transmission of teaching varies by race or sex. Overall, children whose mothers are teachers are seven percentage points more likely to enter teaching than children of nonteachers. The transmission of teaching from mother to child is about the same for White children and for Black daughters; however, transmission rates for Hispanic daughters are even larger while those for Black sons are near zero.

A conjunctural account of upper- and middle-class support for Rodrigo Duterte

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-673
Author(s):  
Marco Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Political ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Over Time

Philippine scholars have largely interpreted Duterte’s support among the upper and middle class as a rejection of the previous administration’s incremental reformism. They also point to the growing appeal of a politics of discipline. These explanations are insufficient. They cannot tell us why the upper and middle class supported Duterte when they did in 2016. The Aquino administration was not the first to disappoint and Duterte hardly the first avatar of discipline to appear on the political scene. In this article the author argues that we need to understand support for Duterte as having crystallized over time with respect to a series of events. Specifically, we need to account for the trajectory of democracy in the Philippines and the contingency of support for him. By placing this support in conjunctural context, we are better able to understand the upper and middle classes’ predisposition to ‘strong leaders’ and their turn to Duterte in 2016.

scholarly journals Nutritional status of children living within institution-based care: a retrospective analysis with funnel plots and control charts for programme monitoring

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e050371
Author(s):  
Emily DeLacey ◽  
Evan Hilberg ◽  
Elizabeth Allen ◽  
Michael Quiring ◽  
Cally J Tann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Control Charts ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
Control Limits ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to fill a key information gap on the nutrition-related epidemiology of orphaned and vulnerable children living within institution-based care (IBC) across six countries.DesignA retrospective analysis with Shewhart control charts and funnel plots to explore intersite and over time variations in nutritional status.SettingWe conducted a retrospective analysis of records from Holt International’s Child Nutrition Programme from 35 sites in six countries; Mongolia, India, Ethiopia, Vietnam, China and the Philippines.ParticipantsDeidentified health records from Holt International’s online nutrition screening database included records from 2926 children, 0–18 years old. Data were collected from 2013 to 2020 and included demographic and health information.ResultsAt initial screening, 717 (28.7%) children were anaemic, 788 (34.1%) underweight, 1048 (37.3%) stunted, 212 (12.6%) wasted, 135 (12%) overweight or obese and 339 (31%) had small head circumference. Many had underlying conditions: low birth weight, 514 (57.5%); prematurity, 294 (42.2%) and disabilities, 739 (25.3%). Children with disabilities had higher prevalence of malnutrition compared with counterparts without disabilities at baseline and 1-year screenings. There was marked intersite variation. Funnel plots highlight sites with malnutrition prevalence outside expected limits for this specific population taking into consideration natural variation at baseline and at 1 year. Control charts show changes in site mean z-scores over time in relation to site control limits.ConclusionsMalnutrition is prevalent among children living within IBC, notably different forms of undernutrition (stunting, underweight, wasting). Underlying risk factors are also common: prematurity, low birth weight and disability. Nutrition interventions should take into account the needs of this vulnerable population, especially for infants and those with disabilities. Using control charts to present data could be especially useful to programme managers as sites outside control limits could represent: problems to be investigated; good practices to be shared.

Bilateralism, Multilateralism, and the Making of an Alliance Consensus

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-56
Author(s):  
Andrew Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The Us ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 2 recounts the origins of bilateralism in Asia and the legitimization of the US-led hub-and-spokes system among Asian elites during the Cold War. It also outlines the rise of ASEAN in the 1960s. Exploring postwar US alliances forged with the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and Thailand, I demonstrate how material threats, institutions, and ideas interact to produce an alliance consensus among political elites in Asia. Despite periodic domestic opposition to US alliances, and the weakness of ASEAN, the hub-and-spokes system and ASEAN become entrenched over time.

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