scholarly journals Serotypes and Vaccine Coverage of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Colonization in the Nasopharynx of Thai Children in Congested Areas in Chiang Mai

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Anchalee Wangirapan ◽  
Satja Issaranggoon na Ayuthaya ◽  
Wasan Katip ◽  
Nongyao Kasatpibal ◽  
Raktham Mektrirat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
High Risk Children ◽  
Congested Areas

Streptococcus pneumoniae causes around 10% of all deaths in children younger than five years of age. This study aimed to examine the serogroups/serotypes of S. pneumoniae colonization and vaccine serotype coverage of this organism among Thai children. Nasopharyngeal swabs of children less than or equal to 15 years of age were obtained in congested areas in Chiang Mai from 1 February 2013 to 1 August 2013. The serotyping of S. pneumoniae isolates was performed using the ImmuLex™ kit and the vaccine serotype coverage for this organism was evaluated. A total of 292 children were enrolled. One hundred and thirty children (44.5%) had nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Eighty-seven (66.9%) isolates were from children younger than five years of age, seventeen (13.1%) were from children aged 6–10 years, and twenty-six (20%) were from children aged 11–15 years. The five most common serogroups/serotypes isolated were 6 (6A, 6B, 6C) (46.1%), 23 (23F, 23A, 23B) (14.6%), 19 (19F, 19A, 19B, 19C) (8.5%), 15 (15F, 15A, 15B, 15C) (6.9%), and 14 (6.1%). Vaccine serotype coverages in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV):PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 were 79.1%, 83.6%, and 85.9%, respectively. There were significant increases in coverage between PCV7 and PCV10 (from 79.1% to 83.6%, p < 0.001), PCV7 and PCV13 (from 79.1% to 85.9%, p < 0.001), and PCV10 and PCV13 (from 83.6% to 85.9%, p < 0.001). The majority of pneumococcal serogroup/serotype colonization in the nasopharynx of Thai children in the studied areas was included in the current licensed pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs). PCV vaccination should be considered for high-risk children to reduce the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among Thai children.

scholarly journals Evaluating post-vaccine expansion patterns of pneumococcal serotypes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maile T. Phillips ◽  
Joshua L. Warren ◽  
Noga Givon-Lavi ◽  
Adrienn Tothpal ◽  
Gili Regev-Yochay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Jewish Population ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotypes ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Serotypes ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
Disease Understanding

ABSTRACTStreptococcus pneumoniae remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are effective but target only a fraction of the more than 90 pneumococcal serotypes. As a result, the introduction of PCVs has been followed by the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes. With higher-valency PCVs currently under development, there is a need to understand and predict patterns of serotype replacement to anticipate future changes. In this study, we evaluated patterns of change in serotype prevalence post-PCV introduction in Israel. We found that the assumption that non-vaccine serotypes increase by the same proportion overestimates changes in serotype prevalence in Jewish and Bedouin children. Furthermore, pre-vaccine prevalence was positively associated with increases in prevalence over the study period. From our analyses, serotypes 12F, 8, 16F, 33F, 9N, 7B, 10A, 22F, 24F, and 17F were estimated to have gained the most cases of invasive pneumococcal disease through serotype replacement in the Jewish population. However, this model also failed to quantify some additional cases gained, suggesting that changes in carriage in children alone may be insufficient to explain serotype replacement in disease. Understanding of serotype replacement is important as higher-valency vaccines are introduced.

Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing Invasive Pneumococcal Disease at Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome: Is It Time for a New Vaccine?

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015
Author(s):  
Elena Bozzola ◽  
Andrzej Krzysztofiak ◽  
Annausa Pantosti ◽  
Laura Lancella ◽  
Paola Bernaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDiseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are mostly preventable infections by current immunization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the introduction of the heptavalent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7 and PCV13) on the burden of pneumococcal disease and on the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae causing invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) in the pediatric age over a 5-year study (from January 2008 till December 2012). We observed a decrease in IPD rate in children after PCV13 introduction despite increases in nonvaccine serotype (NVS) rates in 2011. Nevertheless, from 2012, an increase in IPD rates due to non-PCV13 serotypes was observed.

scholarly journals 1515. Nationwide trends of invasive pneumococcal disease in Spain for the period 2009-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S760-S761
Author(s):  
Sara de Miguel ◽  
Miriam Domenech ◽  
Julio Sempere ◽  
Fernando González-Camacho ◽  
Jose Yuste
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
National Data ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) is an effective measure to control the invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) although the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes is of great concern worldwide. Methods This study includes national data from IPD cases affecting pediatric and adult population for the period (2009-2019). Data contain 25341 laboratory-confirmed clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing IPD in Spain. Results The overall reduction of IPD cases by serotypes included in PCV13 was 88% for children and 67% in adults with a constant increase of IPD cases by serotype 8 in adults since 2015. In children, serotypes 24F (12%), 8 (10%) and 3 (9%) were the most frequent in 2019 whereas in adults, serotypes 3 and 8 accounted for 37% of IPD cases. IPD cases in adults by additional serotypes covered by the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) have risen constantly within the years, increasing from 19% in 2009 to 52% in 2019. IPD cases by Non-vaccine types in adults (not covered by PCV13 or PPV23) show a moderate increase from 14% in 2009 to 24% in 2019. Conclusion Emerging serotypes are observed in Spain with the rise of serotype 24F in children and 8 in adults as a worrisome event. Disclosures Jose Yuste, n/a, GSK (Consultant)MSD (Consultant, Research Grant or Support)Pfizer (Consultant)

scholarly journals Reduction of Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization and Dissemination by a Nonopsonic Capsular Polysaccharide Antibody

mBio ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Doyle ◽  
Liise-anne Pirofski
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Antiinflammatory Effect ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization ◽  
Polysaccharide Antibody

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization of the nasopharynx (NP) is a prerequisite for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The marked reduction in IPD that followed the routine use of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has been linked to reduced NP colonization with vaccine-included serotypes (STs), with the caveat that PCVs are less effective against pneumonia than against IPD. Although PCV-elicited opsonic antibodies that enhance phagocytic killing of the homologous ST are considered a key correlate of PCV-mediated protection, recent studies question this relationship for some STs, including ST3. Studies with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) of ST3 (PPS3) have shown that nonopsonic, as well as opsonic, antibodies can each protect mice against pneumonia and sepsis, but the effect of these types of MAbs on NP colonization is unknown. In this study, we determined the effects of protective opsonic and nonopsonic PPS3 MAbs on ST3 NP colonization in mice. Our results show that a nonopsonic MAb reduced early NP colonization and prevented ST3 dissemination to the lungs and blood, but an opsonic MAb did not. Moreover, the opsonic MAb induced a proinflammatory NP cytokine response, but the nonopsonic MAb had an antiinflammatory effect. The effect of the nonopsonic MAb on colonization did not require its Fc region, but its antiinflammatory effect did. Our findings challenge the paradigm that opsonic MAbs are required to prevent NP colonization and suggest that further studies of the activity of nonopsonic antibodies could advance our understanding of mechanisms of PCV efficacy and provide novel correlates of protection. IMPORTANCE Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have markedly reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Vaccine-elicited pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS) antibodies that enhance in vitro phagocyte killing of vaccine-included serotypes (STs) (opsonic antibodies) have been considered correlates of vaccine protection and are thought to exert their effect at the initial site of infection, the nasopharynx (NP). However, the data presented here show that this is not the necessarily the case. A nonopsonic PPS monoclonal antibody (MAb) reduced pneumococcal colonization and dissemination of its homologous ST in mice, but surprisingly, an opsonic PPS MAb to the same ST did not. These results reveal that PPS antibodies can work in different ways than previously thought, challenge the paradigm that opsonic antibodies are required to prevent IPD, and provide new insights into PCV efficacy that could lead to novel correlates of vaccine protection.

scholarly journals How Many Individuals with Asthma Need to Be Vaccinated to Prevent One Case of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease?

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M Okapuu ◽  
Estelle Chétrit ◽  
Brigitte Lefebvre ◽  
Caroline Quach
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
High Risk Category ◽  
High Risk Children

BACKGROUND: The American Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended the inclusion of adults with asthma in the high-risk category for pneumococcal vaccination based on a twofold increase in risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, among individuals with asthma, the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) using pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)-13 or 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23) warrants its addition to the high-risk category for pneumococcal vaccination in Canada.METHODS: Using IPD incidence (per 10,000 individuals) figures from published articles (4.2 in high-risk asthmatics, 2.3 in low-risk asthmatics and 1.2 in healthy individuals), the NNV to prevent one case of IPD in asthmatics five to 17 years of age and 18 to 50 years of age was calculated, factoring in the proportion of pneumococcal serotypes included in vaccines (based on data from Quebec) and accounting for the possibility of waning vaccine efficacy (VE) using four scenarios.RESULTS: Assuming a VE of 65% for PCV-13 in asthmatics, the NNV would be 704 to 820 in low-risk and 386 to 449 in high-risk children; and 355 to 1532 in low-risk and 195 to 839 in high-risk adults (range depends on waning scenario). Assuming a VE of 65% for PPV-23 in asthmatics, the NNV would be 581 to 677 in low-risk and 318 to 371 in high-risk children; and 246 to 1059 in low-risk and 135 to 580 in high-risk adults.CONCLUSION: The NNV with both PCV-13 and PPV-23 in asthmatic children and adults is comparable with that of other high-risk conditions such as age ≥65 years. Therefore, the addition of asthma to the list of high-risk conditions for pneumococcal vaccination is warranted.

scholarly journals Emergence of Meningitis Caused by Nonvaccine Serotypes of Pneumococcus in Rural United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jessie Marks ◽  
Guru V. Bhoojhawon ◽  
Katherine D. Patrick ◽  
Kelly E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Disease ◽  
Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Introduction

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines have decreased the rates of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children. Since vaccine introduction, however, rates of infection due to nonvaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes have increased. We now describe 3 meningitis cases due to the nonvaccine serotypes 35B and 11A from rural United States.

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