scholarly journals Proteomic Profiling of the Liver, Hepatic Lymph Nodes, and Spleen of Buffaloes Infected with Fasciola gigantica

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 982
Author(s):  
Rui-Si Hu ◽  
Fu-Kai Zhang ◽  
Hany M. Elsheikha ◽  
Qiao-Ni Ma ◽  
Muhammad Ehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Parallel Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Itraq Proteomics ◽  
Isobaric Tag

In the present study, we used an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics technology to characterize the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the liver, hepatic lymph nodes (hLNs), and spleen of buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica). We also used the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method to verify the expression levels of the DEPs in the three infected tissues. At three days post-infection (dpi), 225, 1821, and 364 DEPs were detected in the liver, hLNs, and spleen, respectively. At 42 dpi, 384, 252, and 214 DEPs were detected in the liver, hLNs, and spleen, respectively. At 70 dpi, 125, 829, and 247 DEPs were detected in the liver, hLNs, and spleen, respectively. Downregulation of metabolism was prominent in infected livers at all time points, and upregulation of immune responses was marked in the hLNs during early infection (three dpi); however, no changes in the immune response were detected at the late stages of infection (42 and 70 dpi). Compared to the hLNs, there was no significant upregulation in the levels of immune responses in the infected spleen. All the identified DEPs were used to predict the subcellular localization of the proteins, which were related to extracellular space and membrane and were involved in host immune responses. Further PRM analysis confirmed the expression of 18 proteins. These data provide the first simultaneous proteomic profiles of multiple organs of buffaloes experimentally infected with F. gigantica.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Protective Effects of Phlorizin on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy indb/dbMice by Quantitative Proteomics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Cai ◽  
Baoying Li ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
Weida Lu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Itraq Proteomics ◽  
Isobaric Tag

Patients with diabetes often develop hypertension and atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular disease. However, some diabetic patients develop heart failure without hypertension and coronary artery disease, a process termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Phlorizin has been reported to be effective as an antioxidant in treating diabetes mellitus, but little is known about its cardioprotective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the role of phlorizin in preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy indb/dbmice. We found that phlorizin significantly decreased body weight gain and the levels of serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Morphologic observations showed that normal myocardial structure was better preserved after phlorizin treatment. Using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics, we identified differentially expressed proteins involved in cardiac lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cardiomyopathy, suggesting that phlorizin may prevent the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating the expression of key proteins in these processes. We used ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to generate an interaction network to map the pathways containing these proteins. Our findings provide important information about the mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and also suggest that phlorizin may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) identified major host proteins involved in photosystems throughout the aging process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conglian He ◽  
Shubin Sun ◽  
Yun Tang ◽  
Chenggang He ◽  
Pengfei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Physiology ◽  
Parallel Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Isobaric Tag ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Background: Leaf senescence is one of the most common manifestations in plant senescence and has an important effect on plant photosynthesis. Delaying or shorten the senescence of tobacco leaves is one of the important approaches to improve tobacco breeding. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of tobacco leaf senescence in response to photosynthesis is still poorly understood. To gain insights into the senescence of tobacco leaves, we integrated analyses including photosynthesis, organelle ultrastructure, and proteome of tobacco leaves during senescence.Results: The photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate showed a downward trend, and the stability of organelle decreased with the senescence of tobacco leaves. Isobaric Tag for Relative Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) and Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) were used to analyze the proteins expressed in different periods that were estimate based on photosynthetic physiology and ultramicroscopic observations. A total of 321, 319, 223 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified from over maturity (OM) vs immature (IM), OM vs well maturity (WM) and WM vs IM, respectively, including 122/199, 124/195 and 125/98 up/down proteins, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEPs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments and starch and sucrose metabolism. In addition, the down-regulated proteins were also involved in metabolic pathways, such as carbon sequestration of photosynthetic organisms and photosynthesis. PRM analysis was performed and indicated that iTRAQ is highly reliable in the identification of major proteins involved in tobacco senescence.Conclusions: This study provided important technical references for screening of host photosynthetic proteins during tobacco leaves senescence and established a basis for scientifically understanding of the senescence mechanism of tobacco leaves.

scholarly journals iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Profiling of PLC-Mediated Expression of 20E-Induced Protein in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-An Tan ◽  
Xu-Dong Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Qin-Qin Ji ◽  
Liu-Bin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Proteomic Profiling ◽  
Absolute Quantitation ◽  
Apolygus Lucorum ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Isobaric Tag ◽  
First Time ◽  
Diagram Analysis

AbstractThe polyphagous pest Apolygus lucorum has become the dominant insect in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton fields. The hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) regulates multiple events in insect development and physiology. 20E responses are controlled by pathways triggered by phospholipase C (PLC)-associated proteins. However, 20E-modulated genes whose expression is affected by PLC remain unknown. Here, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and immunoblot were carried out for comparing differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in A. lucorum in response to 20E and the PLC inhibitor U73122, respectively. Totally 1624 DEPs were, respectively, found in the 20E/control, U73122/control, and 20E+U73122/control groups. Venn diagram analysis further revealed 8 DEPs that were shared among the three groups. Immunoblot validated these findings, which corroborated and highlighted the reliability of proteomics. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEPs were included in diverse signaling pathways. The largest portion of DEPs among the three groups were categorized in metabolic pathways. In addition, DEPs among the three groups were also found to regulate the Ras-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways. This is the first time that iTRAQ was carried out to assess proteome alteration in A. lucorum nymphs in response to 20E and a PLC inhibitor. These findings provide novel insights into protein expression in A. lucorum in response to 20E, and a more comprehensive understanding of the function of PLC in 20E signal transduction.

scholarly journals Microvascular Skin Manifestations Caused by COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Andrea Gawaz ◽  
Emmanuella Guenova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

AbstractHypercoagulability and vascular injury, which characterize morbidity in COVID-19 disease, are frequently observed in the skin. Several pathomechanisms, such as inflammation caused by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2–mediated uptake into endothelial cells or SARS-CoV-2-initiated host immune responses, contribute to microthrombus formation and the appearance of vascular skin lesions. Besides pathophysiologic mechanisms observed in the skin, this review describes the clinical appearance of cutaneous vascular lesions and their association with COVID-19 disease, including acro-ischemia, reticular lesions, and cutaneous small vessel vasculitis. Clinicians need to be aware that skin manifestations may be the only symptom in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that inflammatory and thrombotic SARS-CoV-2-driven processes observed in multiple organs and tissues appear identically in the skin as well.

Role of convalescent plasma therapy in new Coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 546-549
Author(s):  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe ◽  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Rishikesh Thakre
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Transparent Liquid

Hitherto, there is no proper line of treatment for the new (nCOVID19). The development of unique antiviral drugs has taken precedence. Therapeutic antibodies () will be a significantly beneficial agent against nCOVID-19. Here the host immune responses to new discussed in this review provide strategy and further treatment and understanding of clinical interventions against nCOVID-19. Plasma therapy uses the antibodies found in the blood of people recovering (or convalesced) from an infection to treat infected patients. When an infection occurs, the body begins producing proteins specially made to kill the germ, called antibodies. Those antibodies coat specifically plasma in the blood of survivors, the yellow transparent liquid blood portion for months or even years. research assesses plasma use from Convalescent patients of infected with nCOVID-19 as a possible preventive treatment. But it is not yet recommended as a line of treatment, and it is used as a clinical trial in the new in Indian population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dsRNA delivery methods for targeting macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF in RNAi-based aphid control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoshuai Liu ◽  
Maria Jose Ladera-Carmona ◽  
Minna M. Poranen ◽  
Aart J. E. van Bel ◽  
Karl-Heinz Kogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Sieve Tube ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Sieve Tubes

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factors (MIFs) are multifunctional proteins regulating major processes in mammals, including activation of innate immune responses. In invertebrates, MIF proteins participate in the modulation of host immune responses when secreted by parasitic organisms, such as aphids. In this study, we assessed the possibility to use MIF genes as targets for RNA interference (RNAi)-based control of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (Sa) on barley (Hordeum vulgare). When nymphs were fed on artificial diet containing double-stranded (ds)RNAs (SaMIF-dsRNAs) that target sequences of the three MIF genes SaMIF1, SaMIF2 and SaMIF3, they showed higher mortality rates and these rates correlated with reduced MIF transcript levels as compared to the aphids feeding on artificial diet containing a control dsRNA (GFP-dsRNA). Comparison of different feeding strategies showed that nymphs’ survival was not altered when they fed from barley seedlings sprayed with naked SaMIF-dsRNAs, suggesting they did not effectively take up dsRNA from the sieve tubes of these plants. Furthermore, aphids’ survival was also not affected when the nymphs fed on leaves supplied with dsRNA via basal cut ends of barley leaves. Consistent with this finding, the use of sieve tube-specific YFP-labeled Arabidopsis reporter lines confirmed that fluorescent 21 nt dsRNACy3, when supplied via petioles or spraying, co-localized with xylem structures, but not with phloem tissue. Our results suggest that MIF genes are a potential target for insect control and also imply that application of naked dsRNA to plants for aphid control is inefficient. More efforts should be put into the development of effective dsRNA formulations.

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