scholarly journals First Insight into the Modulation of Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling Components by Poxviruses in Established Immune-Derived Cell Lines: An In Vitro Model of Ectromelia Virus Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Justyna Struzik ◽  
Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska ◽  
Matylda B. Mielcarska ◽  
Magdalena Bossowska-Nowicka ◽  
Michał Koper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Ectromelia Virus ◽  
Efficient Replication ◽  
Signaling Components

Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are the first line of antiviral immunity. Viral pathogens exploit these cell populations for their efficient replication and dissemination via the modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Disruption of the noncanonical nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling has frequently been observed in lymphoid cells upon infection with oncogenic viruses. However, several nononcogenic viruses have been shown to manipulate the noncanonical NF-κB signaling in different cell types. This study demonstrates the modulating effect of ectromelia virus (ECTV) on the components of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway in established murine cell lines: JAWS II DCs and RAW 264.7 macrophages. ECTV affected the activation of TRAF2, cIAP1, RelB, and p100 upon cell treatment with both canonical and noncanonical NF-κB stimuli and thus impeded DNA binding by RelB and p52. ECTV also inhibited the expression of numerous genes related to the noncanonical NF-κB pathway and RelB-dependent gene expression in the cells treated with canonical and noncanonical NF-κB activators. Thus, our data strongly suggest that ECTV influenced the noncanonical NF-κB signaling components in the in vitro models. These findings provide new insights into the noncanonical NF-κB signaling components and their manipulation by poxviruses in vitro.

A Human Corneal Equivalent Constructed from SV40-immortalised Corneal Cell Lines

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Zorn-Kruppa ◽  
Svitlana Tykhonova ◽  
Gazanfer Belge ◽  
Jürgen Bednarz ◽  
Horst A. Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Equivalent Model

Within the last decade, extensive research in the field of tissue and organ engineering has focused on the development of in vitro models of the cornea. The use of organotypic, three-dimensional corneal equivalents has several advantages over simple monolayer cultures. The aim of this study was to develop a corneal equivalent model composed of the same cell types as in the natural human tissue, but by using immortalised cell lines to ensure reproducibility and to minimise product variation. We report our success in the establishment of an SV40-immortalised human corneal keratocyte cell line (designated HCK). A collagen matrix, built up with these cells, displayed the morphological characteristics of the human stromal tissue and served as a biomatrix for the immortalised human corneal epithelial and endothelial cells. Histological cross-sections of the whole-cornea equivalents resemble human corneas in tissue structure. This organotypic in vitro model may serve as a research tool for the ophthalmic science community, as well as a model system for testing for eye irritancy and drug efficacy.

Malignant hematopoietic cell lines: In vitro models for the study of primary mediastinal B-cell lymphomas

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans G. Drexler ◽  
Stefan Ehrentraut ◽  
Stefan Nagel ◽  
Sonja Eberth ◽  
Roderick A.F. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell ◽  
B Cell Lymphomas ◽  
Hematopoietic Cell Lines

Hepatoma Cell Cultures as In Vitro Models for the Hepatotoxicity of Xenobiotics

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Margherita Ferro ◽  
Anna Maria Bassi ◽  
Giorgio Nanni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Formation Efficiency ◽  
Dose Dependent

Two hepatoma cell cultures were examined as in vitro models to be used in genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests without the addition of bioactivating enzymes. The MH1C1, and HTC hepatoma lines were used in this study to establish their sensitivity to a number of xenobiotics, namely, cyclophosphamide (CP), the classical positive control in bioactivation tests; benzaldehyde (BA), a short-chain aldehyde; and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major toxic end-product of the peroxidative degradation of cell membrane lipids. As a first approach, we compared the following cytotoxicity tests: release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and colony formation efficiency (CF). Colony-forming cells were exposed to the drugs according to different procedures, before or after the anchorage phase. The leakage of LDH into the medium following exposure of both cell lines to HNE, CP and BA for up to 24 hours was found not to be a good index of cytotoxicity. A better indicator of cytotoxicity was CF, as evaluated by exposure of the cells 24 hours after seeding. The effects were detectable at very low concentrations, corresponding to 10, 90 and 100μM for HNE, CP and BA, respectively. The impairment of CF efficiency was dose-dependent and time-dependent, and several differences between the two cell lines were observed.

scholarly journals Modelling the Human Placental Interface In Vitro—A Review

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 884
Author(s):  
Marta Cherubini ◽  
Scott Erickson ◽  
Kristina Haase
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Scientific Challenge ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control

Acting as the primary link between mother and fetus, the placenta is involved in regulating nutrient, oxygen, and waste exchange; thus, healthy placental development is crucial for a successful pregnancy. In line with the increasing demands of the fetus, the placenta evolves throughout pregnancy, making it a particularly difficult organ to study. Research into placental development and dysfunction poses a unique scientific challenge due to ethical constraints and the differences in morphology and function that exist between species. Recently, there have been increased efforts towards generating in vitro models of the human placenta. Advancements in the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), microfluidics, and bioprinting have each contributed to the development of new models, which can be designed to closely match physiological in vivo conditions. By including relevant placental cell types and control over the microenvironment, these new in vitro models promise to reveal clues to the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction and facilitate drug testing across the maternal–fetal interface. In this minireview, we aim to highlight current in vitro placental models and their applications in the study of disease and discuss future avenues for these in vitro models.

scholarly journals Production of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatic Cell Lineages and Liver Organoids: Current Status and Potential Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
João P. Cotovio ◽  
Tiago G. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Organ Shortage ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Liver Organoids

Liver disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, leading to the death of approximately 2 million people per year. Current therapies include orthotopic liver transplantation, however, donor organ shortage remains a great challenge. In addition, the development of novel therapeutics has been limited due to the lack of in vitro models that mimic in vivo liver physiology. Accordingly, hepatic cell lineages derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a promising cell source for liver cell therapy, disease modelling, and drug discovery. Moreover, the development of new culture systems bringing together the multiple liver-specific hepatic cell types triggered the development of hPSC-derived liver organoids. Therefore, these human liver-based platforms hold great potential for clinical applications. In this review, the production of the different hepatic cell lineages from hPSCs, including hepatocytes, as well as the emerging strategies to generate hPSC-derived liver organoids will be assessed, while current biomedical applications will be highlighted.

Synergism of v-myc and v-Ha-ras in the in vitro neoplastic progression of murine lymphoid cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3221-3231
Author(s):  
R C Schwartz ◽  
L W Stanton ◽  
S C Riley ◽  
K B Marcu ◽  
O N Witte
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Retroviral Vectors ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Neoplastic Progression ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Murine Bone Marrow ◽  
Myc Oncogene

Murine bone marrow was either singly or doubly infected with retroviral vectors expressing v-myc (OK10) or v-Ha-ras. The infected bone marrow was cultured in a system that supports the long-term growth of B-lineage lymphoid cells. While the v-myc vector by itself had no apparent effect on lymphoid culture establishment and growth, infection with the v-Ha-ras vector or coinfection with both v-myc and v-Ha-ras vectors led to the appearance of growth-stimulated cell populations. Clonal pre-B-cell lines stably expressing v-Ha-ras alone or both v-myc and v-Ha-ras grew out of these cultures. In comparison with cell lines expressing v-Ha-ras alone, cell lines expressing both v-myc and v-Ha-ras grew to higher densities, had reduced dependence on a feeder layer for growth, and had a marked increase in ability to grow in soft-agar medium. The cell lines expressing both oncogenes were highly tumorigenic in syngeneic animals. These experiments show that the v-myc oncogene in synergy with v-Ha-ras can play a direct role in the in vitro transformation of murine B lymphoid cells.

Rearrangement and diversification of immunoglobulin light-chain genes in lymphoid cells transformed by reticuloendotheliosis virus

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 4970-4976
Author(s):  
J Y Zhang ◽  
W Bargmann ◽  
H R Bose
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Gene Rearrangements ◽  
B Cell Differentiation ◽  
Immunoglobulin Light Chain ◽  
Light Chain Gene ◽  
Transformed Cell Lines

Avian lymphoid cells transformed by reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV-T) serve as a model to analyze the mechanism by which B-cell differentiation and antibody diversification occur in birds. Immunoglobulin light-chain gene rearrangements, diversification, and expression were analyzed in 72 independently derived REV-T-transformed cell lines. Lymphoid cells transformed as the result of expression of the v-rel oncogene were divided into two distinct groups based on light-chain gene rearrangements. The status of the light-chain gene loci in these REV-T-transformed cell lines was determined in part by the ages of the chickens whose spleen cells were transformed. In embryonic spleen cell lines transformed by the v-rel oncogene, rearrangements were not detected, even after prolonged culture in vitro, indicating that these cells are arrested in B-cell differentiation. REV-T transformants derived from spleens obtained from chickens 2 weeks old or older, however, had at least one light-chain allele rearranged. All of the cell lines analyzed which exhibited rearranged light-chain genes contained light-chain transcripts, and most of the REV-T-transformed cells which displayed light-chain rearrangements expressed immunoglobulin protein. REV-T, therefore, transforms B-lymphoid cells at phenotypically different stages of development. Many REV-T-transformed cells undergo immunoglobulin chain gene rearrangements during prolonged propagation in vitro. Most of the cell lines which rearrange their light-chain alleles also undergo diversification during cultivation in vitro. Light-chain diversification occurs during or after the rearrangement event.

Progression of the transformed phenotype in clonal lines of Abelson virus-infected lymphocytes

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-604
Author(s):  
C A Whitlock ◽  
S F Ziegler ◽  
O N Witte
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Malignant Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeder Layers ◽  
Growth Phenotype ◽  
Abelson Virus

Some molecular changes which correlate with the tumorigenic progression of neoplastic cells can best be studied with in vitro cell lines that represent each stage in the progression. Lymphoid cells infected by Abelson murine leukemia virus exhibit a wide range of growth potential in vitro and in vivo. Uncloned populations that are poorly oncogenic early after infection become progressively more oncogenic with successive passages of the cells in culture. In such mass cultures, it is difficult to evaluate whether a rare subpopulation of highly oncogenic cells becomes dominant in the culture or whether the individual cells progress in oncogenic phenotype. To examine this latter possibility, Abelson virus-infected lymphoid cells were cloned by limiting-dilution culture 10 days postinfection. We isolated two clones that grew poorly in agar, required feeder layers of adherent bone marrow cells for growth in liquid culture, and were extremely slow to form tumors in syngeneic animals. Both clones, after passage in the presence of adherent feeder layers for 3 months, grew well in liquid and agar-containing cultures in the absence of feeder layers and formed tumors in animals at a rapid rate. The progression of these clonal cell lines to a more malignant growth phenotype occurred in the absence of detectable changes in the concentration, half-life, phosphorylation, in vitro kinase activity, or cell localization of the Abelson virus-encoded transforming protein. No change in the concentration or arrangement of integrated Abelson viral DNA sequences was detected in either clone. Thus, perhaps changes in the expression of cellular genes would appear to alter the growth properties of lymphoid cells after their initial transformation by Abelson virus. Such cellular changes could complement the activity of the Abelson virus transforming protein in producing the fully malignant growth phenotype.

Leukemia cell lines: In vitro models for the study of acute promyelocytic leukemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 681-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Drexler ◽  
H. Quentmeier ◽  
R.A.F. MacLeod ◽  
C.C. Uphoff ◽  
Z.-B. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Leukemia Cell Lines
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document