scholarly journals Nematocidal Effects of a Coriander Essential Oil and Five Pure Principles on the Infective Larvae of Major Ovine Gastrointestinal Nematodes In Vitro

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Helal ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Gawad ◽  
Omnia M. Kandil ◽  
Marwa M. E. Khalifa ◽  
Gareth W. V. Cave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Motility Assay ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Sytox Green ◽  
Ic50 Values

The anthelmintic effects of extracted coriander oil and five pure essential oil constituents (geraniol, geranyl acetate, eugenol, methyl iso-eugenol, and linalool) were tested, using larval motility assay, on the third-stage larvae (L3s) of Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Cooperia oncophora. Coriander oil and linalool, a major component of tested coriander oil, showed a strong inhibitory efficacy against all species, except C. oncophora with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) that ranged from 0.56 to 1.41% for the coriander oil and 0.51 to 1.76% for linalool. The coriander oil and linalool combinations conferred a synergistic anthelmintic effect (combination index [CI] <1) on larval motility comparable to positive control (20 mg/mL levamisole) within 24 h (p < 0.05), reduced IC50 values to 0.11–0.49% and induced a considerable structural damage to L3s. Results of the combined treatment were validated by quantitative fluorometric microplate-based assays using Sytox green, propidium iodide and C12-resazurin, which successfully discriminated live/dead larvae. Only Sytox green staining achieved IC50 values comparable to that of the larval motility assay. The cytotoxicity of the combined coriander oil and linalool on Madin–Darby Canine Kidney cells was evaluated using sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay and showed no significant cytotoxic effect at concentrations < 1%. These results indicate that testing essential oils and their main components may help to find new potential anthelmintic compounds, while at the same time reducing the reliance on synthetic anthelmintics.

scholarly journals Fingerprinting, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer, Cyclooxygenase and Metabolic Enzymes Inhibitory Characteristic Evaluations of Stachys viticina Boiss. Essential Oil

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal Jaradat ◽  
Nawaf Al-Maharik
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Colon Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and to assess the in-vitro, antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, metabolic enzymes and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory properties of essential oil (EO) of Stachys viticina Boiss. leaves. The S. viticina EO was isolated and identified using microwave-ultrasonic and GC-MS techniques, respectively. Fifty-two compounds were identified, of which endo-borneol was the major component, followed by eucalyptol and epizonarene. The EO was evaluated against a panel of in-vitro bioassays. The EO displayed antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli and Epidermophyton floccosum, with MIC values of 0.039, 0.078 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively. The EO exhibited cytotoxicity against HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma) and Colo-205 (colon) cancer cell lines with percentages of inhibition of 95% and 90%, for EO concentrations of 1.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, it showed metabolic enzyme (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase) inhibitory (IC50 = 45.22 ± 1.1, 63.09 ± 0.26, 501.18 ± 0.38 µg/mL, respectively) and antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 19.95 ± 2.08 µg/mL. Moreover, the S. viticina EO showed high cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 values of 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL, respectively, similar to those of the positive control (the NSAID etodolac). Outcomes amassed from this investigation illustrate that S. viticina EO represents a rich source of pharmacologically active molecules which can be further validated and explored clinically for its therapeutic potential and for the development and design of new natural therapeutic preparations.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Multi-Therapeutic Properties of Thymus bovei Benth. Essential Oil and Its Main Component for Promoting Their Use in Clinical Practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif Hassan ◽  
Kateřina Berchová-Bímová ◽  
Miroslava Šudomová ◽  
Milan Malaník ◽  
Karel Šmejkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Main Component

Thymus bovei Benth. (TB) is an important plant in the traditional medicine of the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the health-promoting properties of TB essential oil (TB-EO) for its possible use in clinical practice with regards to its cytotoxic, anti-herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and antihypertensive (through inhibition of human angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACE) properties. The phytochemical profile of EO (99.9%) was analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In this study, all biological methods were performed at the level of in vitro studies. The results showed that TB-EO exerted remarked cytotoxic properties against human cervical carcinoma cells, colon cancer cells, and lung adenocarcinoma cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 7.22, 9.30, and 8.62 µg/mL, respectively, in comparison with that of standard anticancer drug cisplatin with IC50 values of 4.24, 5.21, and 5.43 µg/mL, respectively. Fascinatingly, TB-EO showed very weak cytotoxicity on the healthy human fetal lung fibroblast cells with an IC50 value of 118.34 µg/mL compared with that of cisplatin (IC50 = 10.08 µg/mL). TB-EO, its main component geraniol, TB-EO combined with acyclovir (ACV) along with standard ACV, have displayed pronounced inhibitory properties against the replication of HSV-2 with the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of 2.13, 1.92, 0.81 and 1.94 µg/mL, respectively, with corresponding selectivity indices (SI) 98.59, 109.38, 259.26 and 108.25, respectively. TB-EO and geraniol at a concentration of 15 µg/mL showed prominent inhibitory activities against ACE with % of inhibition 95.4% and 92.2%, respectively, compared with that of standard inhibitor captopril (99.8%; 15 µg/mL). Molecular docking studies were performed to unveil the mechanism of action of geraniol as well as structural parameters necessary for anti-HSV-2 activity (through the inhibition of HSV-2 protease) and ACE inhibition. This is the first report on the chemical composition of Egyptian TB-EO along with the above-mentioned biological activities. Our results may be considered as novel findings in the course of a search for new and active anticancer, anti-HSV-2 and antihypertensive agents, and expand the medicinal value of this plant and its phytochemicals in clinical practice.

scholarly journals In vitro Antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant proprities of Rosemary extracts

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2305-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Ali ◽  
Kais Mnafgui ◽  
Abdelfattah Feki ◽  
Mohamed Damak ◽  
Noureddine Allouche
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
First Time

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Hence, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of rosemary extracts on key-enzymes related to diabetes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties in vitro. The IC50 values of Rosemary essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts against α-amylase were 28.36, 34.11 and 30.39 µg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 32.25, 36.64 and 34.07 µg/mL, suggesting strong anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Rosemary. The methanolic extract was found to be the highest in levels of phenolic (282.98 µgGAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (161.05 µg QE /mg extract) contents as well as in the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 15.82 µg/mL) as compared to other extracts ethyl acetate (IC50 = 32.23 µg/mL) and essential oil  (IC50 = 96.12 µg/mL).Antioxidant efficacy of Rosemary extracts has been estimated in the stabilization of sunflower oil (SFO) at three different concentrations, i.e. 200 (SFO-200), 500 (SFO-500) and 1000 ppm (SFO-1000). Results showed the highest efficiency of SFO-1000.The results obtained in this study demonstrated for the first time that Rosemary is a potent source of natural inhibitors of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase with powerful antioxidants proprieties that might be used in the food stabilization and the prevention of diabetes and obesity complications as a complementary pharmacological drug.

scholarly journals In vitro anthelmintic activity of Lippia gracilis Schauer essential oil against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lopes da Costa Souza ◽  
Cristina Karine de Oliveira Rebouças ◽  
Cynthia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque ◽  
Cristiane de Carvalho Ferreira Lima Moura ◽  
Taffarel Melo Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Hatching Process ◽  
Vitro Effect

ABSTRACT Since drug-resistant nematodes became a common problem in sheep and goat industries, alternative methods using natural products have emerged as a viable and sustainable anthelmintic treatment option. Here, the in vitro effect of essential oil extracted from Lippia gracilis Schauer was assessed on the hatching process of nematodes recovered from naturally infected goats. Essential oil at concentrations of 0.08% (0.008 μL/mL), 0.12% (0.012 μL/mL), and 0.16% (0.016 μL/mL) was able to induce an average inhibition of 74.7, 84 and 93%, respectively. The effective concentration required to inhibit egg hatching in 50% of eggs (EC50) was 0.03452%. Therefore, essential oil of L. gracilis showed promisor in vitro anthelmintic results against egg-hatching of goat gastrointestinal nematodes.

Homoadamantane and Adamantane Acylphloroglucinols from Hypericum hirsutum

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianna Max ◽  
Jörg Heilmann
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Adamantane Skeleton

Abstract 1H NMR-guided fractionation of the petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts from Hypericum hirsutum yielded to the isolation of 19 polyprenylated polycyclic acylphloroglucinols. Structure elucidation based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy together with high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy revealed 14 acylphloroglucinols with a homoadamantane scaffold (1–14), while 5 further compounds showed an adamantane skeleton (15–19). Except for hookerione C (15), all isolated metabolites are hitherto unknown. While structurally-related metabolites have been isolated from other Hypericum species, it is the first report of admantan and homoadamantan type acylphloroglucinols in section Taeniocarpium Jaub. & Spach (Hypericaceae). The isolated compounds have been tested in a crystal violet-based in vitro assay on their properties to reduce the proliferation of human microvascular endothelial cells compared to hyperforin as the positive control. They showed a moderate reduction of proliferation with IC50 values in the range ~ 3 – 22 µM, with the homoadamantane-based compounds 2 and 4 being the most active. In addition, inhibition of the TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression was determined for 1 – 5, 7, and 10 – 12. Substances 3 and 12 reduced the ICAM-1 expression significantly (to 46.7% of control for 3, 62.3% for 12, at 50 µM).

scholarly journals Toxicity of Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil and citral for Spodoptera frugiperda

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellison Rosario de Oliveira ◽  
Dejane Santos Alves ◽  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Bárbara Maria Ribeiro Guimarães de Oliveira ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Polyphagous Insect

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a polyphagous insect responsible for damage to several crops. Synthetic chemical insecticides and genetically modified plants are the most commonly used methods for FAW control. However, the selection of resistant populations has been reported in several studies, justifying the search for new molecules to be used in the control of S. frugiperda. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil (LEO) and its major component (citral) in relation to FAW. Additionally, the anticholinesterase activity of LEO and citral was evaluated using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from Electrophorus electricus. The LEO was toxic to FAW when added to an artificial diet (LC50 = 1.35 mg mL-1) at the highest concentrations tested, and the median lethal time (LT50) was 18.85 h. Major components of LEO were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and citral, the most abundant component, was used in FAW bioassays. The insecticidal activity of citral was statistically similar to that of LEO, demonstrating that citral was responsible for the insecticidal activity of LEO. Inhibition of AChE was measured, and the mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for LEO and citral were 650- and 405-fold higher, respectively, than that verified for the positive control (methomyl insecticide), suggesting selectivity for non-target organisms. Based on these results, citral and C. flexuosus have the potential to be applied in the development of new products for the control of S. frugiperda.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mint, Basil, and Lavender Essential Oil Vapor-Phase in Antifungal Protection and Lemon Fruit Quality

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata M. Sumalan ◽  
Raufdzhon Kuganov ◽  
Diana Obistioiu ◽  
Iuliana Popescu ◽  
Isidora Radulov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Set Up

There is an increasing interest in developing natural methods to replace the current chemicals used for maintaining postharvest quality of citrus fruits. The essential oil antifungal activity of mint (MEO), basil (BEO), and lavender (LEO) acting as the vapor-phases was tested against Penicillium digitatum. The minimum doses with fungistatic and fungicidal effect, in vitro, acting as the vapor-phases, were set up. The minimum fungicidal dose was 300 μL for BEO and 350 μL LEO, while for MEO only minimal dose with fungistatic effect was reached. The IC50 values were calculated and used (v/v) for testing preservation of lemon fruits, in close space enriched in vapor oil. For this purpose, the following two independent in vivo experiments were carried out: experiment 1, inoculated lemons with P. digitatum stored without chemical treatments 7 days, at 22 ± 2 °C, at two concentrations (C1—IC50 equivalent; C2—half of C1); and experiment 2, the non-inoculated lemons kept under the same conditions and concentrations of EO vapor served to evaluate the lemon quality properties. The results showed that antifungal protective effect was provided in the order of LEO-C1 > BEO-C1 > MEO-C1 > BEO-C2 > MEO-C2 > LEO-C2. The quality indicators like weight loss, pH, and firmness were not negatively influenced.

scholarly journals Potential Application of Prunus armeniaca L. and P. domestica L. Leaf Essential Oils as Antioxidant and of Cholinesterases Inhibitors

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bonesi ◽  
Maria Tenuta ◽  
Monica Loizzo ◽  
Vincenzo Sicari ◽  
Rosa Tundis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison

The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrycholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Prunus armeniaca and P. domestica in relation to their composition, analysed by Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, at different times. Moreover, considering the role of free radicals in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, the antioxidant properties of essential oils were investigated by using, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and β-carotene bleaching tests. The relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI) was used to achieve more comprehensive comparison between analysed antioxidant effects of essential oils. P. armeniaca oils were more active than P. domestica oils against AChE. Against BChE, the most active was the essential oil from P. domestica leaves collected in August with an IC50 value of 95.80 μg/mL. This oil exerted the highest inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 11.15 and 11.39 μg/mL after 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively. All samples demonstrated a remarkable ABTS radicals scavenging activity, with IC50 values in the range 0.45–0.57 μg/mL in comparison to the positive control, ascorbic acid.

In Vitro Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitory, Anti-inflammatory and Cytotoxic Activities of Alkaloids from the Seeds of Nigella glandulifera

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (14) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Bo Gao ◽  
Xing-Jie Zhang ◽  
Rui-Han Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Zhu ◽  
De-Bing Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Pharmacologically Active Compounds ◽  
First Time

AbstractFour new dolabellane-type diterpene alkaloids, glandulamines A – D (1 – 4), together with twelve known compounds (5 – 16), were isolated from the seeds of Nigella glandulifera using repeated column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The structures of 1 – 16 were elucidated based on NMR data analysis, HRMS experiments and other spectroscopic interpretations. The absolute configuration of 5 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for the first time. Compounds 10 and 12 showed human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 61.1 ± 5.3 and 45.9 ± 3.0 µM, respectively. Molecular docking of the active compound 12 and positive control teriflunomide on the inhibitor-binding site of human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase was subsequently performed to visualize the interaction pattern. In addition, compounds 8 and 10 exhibited inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production with inhibition rates of 61 and 41%, respectively, at the concentration of 10 µM. Compounds 9 and 12 showed cytotoxic activities with cell viability varying from 29 ~ 57% at 100 µM against T98G, U87, U251, and GL261 glioma cancer cell lines. These data provide new insights on the pharmacologically active compounds of this plant widely used in folk medicine.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil on goat gastrointestinal nematodes

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Claudia Maria Leal Bevilaqua ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Ana Lourdes Fernandes Camurça-Vasconcelos ◽  
Luiz da Silva Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Egg Hatching

Phytotherapy may be an alternative strategy for controlling gastrointestinal parasites. This study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy of Eucalyptus citriodora essential oil (EcEO). The in vitro effects of EcEO were determined through testing the inhibition of egg hatching and larval development of Haemonchus contortus. EcEO was subjected to acute toxicity testing on mice, orally and intraperitoneally. The in vivo effects of EcEO were determined by the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) in goats infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The results showed that 5.3 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited egg hatching by 98.8% and 10.6 mg.mL-1 EcEO inhibited H. contortus larval development by 99.71%. The lethal doses for 50% of the mice were 4153 and 622.8 mg.kg-1, for acute toxicity orally and intraperitoneally. In the FECRT, the efficacy of EcEO and ivermectin was 66.25 and 79.16% respectively, on goat gastrointestinal nematodes eight days after treatment. EcEO showed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity.

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