scholarly journals Enterotoxigenic Potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Ready-to-Eat Food

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska ◽  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Patryk Wiśniewski ◽  
Anna Zadernowska
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
No Production ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Enterotoxin Genes ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Although coagulase-positive staphylococci are considered to be the main factor responsible for food poisoning, an increasing role for the coagulase-negative staphylococci in the production of enterotoxins has been observed in recent years. This study was conducted to assess the occurrence of genes responsible for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE), enterotoxin-like toxins (SEI) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from ready-to-eat food from bars and restaurants. One hundred and eighteen CoNS strains were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to five superantigenic toxin genes, including five different types of classical enterotoxins (sea, seb, sec, sed and see) and the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) as well as to supertoxin-like genes. PCR-positive isolates were then tested using immunoenzymatic methods (SET-RPLA, Vidas SET 2) for toxin expression. Out of 118 CoNS strains, the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxins was confirmed in 72% of them. The most frequently found enterotoxin-like genotype was ser, selu. Two of the tested strains had up to ten different enterotoxin genes in the genome at the same time. Although no production of enterotoxins was detected in the CoNS, which means that their possible role in the epidemiology of food-borne diseases is minimal, the data demonstrated that the toxigenic capacity of the CoNS should not be ignored, and that this group of microorganisms should be continuously monitored in food.

scholarly journals Use of Multiplex PCR To Detect Classical and Newly Described Pyrogenic Toxin Genes in Staphylococcal Isolates

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3411-3414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Monday ◽  
Gregory A. Bohach
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Single Reaction

Staphylococcus aureus may contain one or more genes that encode a variety of immunomodulatory pyrogenic toxins (PTs), including the staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST). The PTs interact with several cellular targets to produce disease, such as food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. At present, nine serologically distinct enterotoxins and one immunoreactive form of TSST have been identified and characterized. As isolates of S. aureus are further assessed, it is anticipated that this number will increase. To facilitate screening, a multiplex PCR was designed to simultaneously determine which of these 10 currently known PT genes an individualS. aureus isolate possesses. We show here, using S. aureus isolates with characterized PT phenotypes, that this novel PCR technique reliably detects each of the known PTs in a single reaction.

scholarly journals Toxigenicity in Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. MBI.S796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunha ◽  
R.A.O. Calsolari
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
General Aspects

Representatives of the Staphylococcus genus are the most common pathogens found in hospital environments, and they are etiological agents for a large variety of infections. Various virulence factors are responsible for the symptoms and severity of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Among them are staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), which cause staphylococcal food poisoning, and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Some reports indicate that TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins are also produced by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). The present review aimed to discuss general aspects of staphylococcal toxins as well as the epidemiology, genetics and detection of toxins in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, since these microorganisms are becoming more and more frequent in nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 and Their Association among Bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis Patients in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Heba M. Elsherif ◽  
Zeinab H. Helal ◽  
Mona R. El-Ansary ◽  
Zeinab A. Fahmy ◽  
Wafaa N. Eltayeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Duke Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

Purpose. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication in patients with bacteremia of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection. Our aim was to determine the association of the major Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs), including Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), among hospitalized patients diagnosed with bacteremia and those with IE. Methods. This study was conducted on 88 patients; of these, 84 (95.5%) had two positive blood cultures. Eighteen out of the 84 patients (21.4%) were diagnosed based on the modified Duke criteria by a cardiologist to have IE. The recovered isolates were screened phenotypically using ELISA followed by molecular analysis of sea, seb, sec, sed, see, and tsst-1, the major SAg coding genes, and the obtained findings were statistically analyzed. Results. Phenotypic screening for SE production of 26 selected Staphylococci (15 isolated from the IE patients (10 S. aureus and 5 coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS)) and 11 from bacteremic patients (10 S. aureus and 1 CoNS)) using ELISA revealed that 12/26 (46%) isolates were SE producers. PCR analysis showed that 19 (73%) isolates were PCR positive for SAg genes with the highest prevalence of the sea gene (79%), followed by seb (63%) and tsst-1 (21%). The least frequent gene was sed (5.3%). Statistical correlations between bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs showed no significant difference ( P value = 0.139, effect size = 0.572 ) indicating no specific association between any of the detected SAgs and IE. Conclusion. There is high prevalence of SEs among clinical isolates of Staphylococci recovered from patients suffering bacteremia and those with IE. No significant difference was found among Staphylococcal isolates recovered from patients with bacteremia or IE regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the tested SAgs.

scholarly journals Enterotoxins and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 in non-enteric staphylococcal disease

1993 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Marples ◽  
A. A. Wieneke
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Group V ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin

SUMMARYOver the 7 years 1985–91, 997 strains of Staphylococcus aureus from 962 patients with diseases other than food poisoning have been tested for the production of enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and phage typed. In all, 128 cases could be classified as confirmed or probable toxic shock syndrome (TSS) but a further 199 cases were classified as possible or unconfirmed TSS. In 219 cases, an alternative diagnosis could be supported and 45 cases were classified as sudden infant death syndrome. In 371 cases, insufficient information for classification was available.Strains of phage group I producing TSST-1 were associated with menstrual TSS. Many menstrual TSS cases were aged less than 20 and were using non-introducer tampons.When all strains were reviewed, strong associations were observed between TSST-1 production and phage group I strains, enterotoxin B production and group V strains, enterotoxin C and phage-type 95 strains and between enterotoxin A without TSST-1 and phage group III strains.

scholarly journals Exotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Dinges ◽  
Paul M. Orwin ◽  
Patrick M. Schlievert
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
The Family ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY This article reviews the literature regarding the structure and function of two types of exotoxins expressed by Staphylococcus aureus, pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAgs) and hemolysins. The molecular basis of PTSAg toxicity is presented in the context of two diseases known to be caused by these exotoxins: toxic shock syndrome and staphylococcal food poisoning. The family of staphylococcal PTSAgs presently includes toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) and most of the staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, SEE, SEG, and SEH). As the name implies, the PTSAgs are multifunctional proteins that invariably exhibit lethal activity, pyrogenicity, superantigenicity, and the capacity to induce lethal hypersensitivity to endotoxin. Other properties exhibited by one or more staphylococcal PTSAgs include emetic activity (SEs) and penetration across mucosal barriers (TSST-1). A detailed review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the staphylococcal hemolysins is also presented.

Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) Production During Induced Goat Mastitis

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. VALLE ◽  
E. GOMEZ-LUCIA ◽  
S. PIRIZ ◽  
S. VADILLO
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin ◽  
Type Strains

Six Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxigenic type strains were inoculated into the udders of healthy goats in order to check the “in vivo” production of staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-one (TSST-1). Staphylococcal enterotoxins and TSST-1 produced by toxigenic strains in milk samples were detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. S. aureus strains FRI-100, FRI-1173, and CC-92 produced high levels of SEA, SEB, and TSST-1, respectively, in the inoculated goats' udders.

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