scholarly journals Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 720
Author(s):  
Serge Corbeil
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Abalone Species ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

Abalone viral ganglioneuritis (AVG), caused by Haliotid herpesvirus-1 (HaHV-1; previously called abalone herpesvirus), is a disease that has been responsible for extensive mortalities in wild and farmed abalone and has caused significant economic losses in Asia and Australia since outbreaks occurred in the early 2000s. Researchers from Taiwan, China, and Australia have conducted numerous studies encompassing HaHV-1 genome sequencing, development of molecular diagnostic tests, and evaluation of the susceptibility of various abalone species to AVG as well as studies of gene expression in abalone upon virus infection. This review presents a timeline of the most significant research findings on AVG and HaHV-1 as well as potential future research avenues to further understand this disease in order to develop better management strategies.

scholarly journals RNAi of a Putative Grapevine Susceptibility Gene as a Possible Downy Mildew Control Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrio Marcianò ◽  
Valentina Ricciardi ◽  
Elena Marone Fassolo ◽  
Alessandro Passera ◽  
Piero Attilio Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reproductive Structures

Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the diseases causing the most severe economic losses to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) production. To date, the application of fungicides is the most efficient method to control the pathogen and the implementation of novel and sustainable disease control methods is a major challenge. RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel biotechnological tool with a great potential for controlling fungal pathogens. Recently, a candidate susceptibility gene (VviLBDIf7) to downy mildew has been identified in V. vinifera. In this work, the efficacy of RNAi triggered by exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in controlling P. viticola infections has been assessed in a highly susceptible grapevine cultivar (Pinot noir) by knocking down VviLBDIf7 gene. The effects of dsRNA treatment on this target gene were assessed by evaluating gene expression, disease severity, and development of vegetative and reproductive structures of P. viticola in the leaf tissues. Furthermore, the effects of dsRNA treatment on off-target (EF1α, GAPDH, PEPC, and PEPCK) and jasmonic acid metabolism (COI1) genes have been evaluated. Exogenous application of dsRNA led to significant reductions both in VviLBDIf7 gene expression, 5 days after the treatment, and in the disease severity when artificial inoculation was carried out 7 days after dsRNA treatments. The pathogen showed clear alterations to both vegetative (hyphae and haustoria) and reproductive structures (sporangiophores) that resulted in stunted growth and reduced sporulation. Treatment with dsRNA showed signatures of systemic activity and no deleterious off-target effects. These results demonstrated the potential of RNAi for silencing susceptibility factors in grapevine as a sustainable strategy for pathogen control, underlying the possibility to adopt this promising biotechnological tool in disease management strategies.

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Post Covid-19 Management Strategies and Policies in Hospitality and Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwal Iqbal Khan ◽  
Adeel Nasir ◽  
Saima Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Hospitality And Tourism Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Strategic Perspective

The strategic perspective of management policies gained utmost importance during the post-Covid era. The researchers are trying to introduce strategies that can help organizations cope with post-crisis destruction. Yet, the research on the topic is fragmented, mainly related to the hospitality and tourism industry. This manuscript aims to present scholarly research findings dealing with the post-Covid-19 management strategies in the hospitality and tourism industry from January 1, 2020, to July 28, 2021. These strategies can play an essential role in the survival and growth of the sectors. The study identified and acknowledged the core contributing authors, journals, countries, affiliation, corresponding authors through bibliometric, citation, and keyword analysis. It also conducted the co-occurrence analysis and reported three significant research streams and bibliometric coupling to identify four research themes for management strategies of the tourism and hospitality industry in the post-Covid era. With the help of an influential and conceptual framework, the study highlights the future challenges managers could face and suggests the possible area for reviewing and revising the existing policies by proposing future directions. Consequently, this study contributes to the current literature on post-Covid-19 management strategies and policies by developing the critical analysis of the extant literature and highlighting the understudy areas that future studies must explore to expand the scope of the research.

scholarly journals An analysis of recent research on venture capital networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Polizzi
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Venture Capitalists ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Organizational Network ◽  
Risk Management Strategies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Recent Trends

Purpose – this paper examines recent trends in venture capital network research. Network analysis is a useful approach for analyzing inter-organizational networks, especially for venture capitalists, which are characterized by plenty of connections. Although important steps ahead have been made, several research questions are still unanswered. Research methodology – this brief review analyses deeply three papers which are representative of the novel scientific literature in this field. Scrutinizing these works, I identify their points of strength and weaknesses, in order to understand how to pave the way for further research. Findings – this paper shows that the study of network weak ties and the role of risk management strategies are promising areas for pushing the frontiers of research on venture capital networks. Research limitations – although less recent papers are not considered in this analysis, the in-depth discussion of the latest research provides interesting insights and advice for scholars willing to do research on this field of studies. Practical implications – extending our knowledge on this topic is crucial for understanding the best strategic decisions venture capitalists should take when operating within an inter-organizational network. Originality/Value – this paper critically analyses steam of literature which is important from both scientific and managerial viewpoints. Furthermore, it poses questions to be addressed by future research.

scholarly journals Readily usable strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2364-2370
Author(s):  
Champak Bhakat ◽  
A. Mohammad ◽  
D. K. Mandal ◽  
A. Mandal ◽  
S. Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Herd Structure

Mastitis in dairy cattle is the most common management disorder that causes higher economic losses by lowering production and quality of milk leads to substantial economical loss. The aim of this article was to review worldwide important advances in strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle. Many scientists worked to identify effective strategies to control mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and others. It is necessary to identify mechanisms of infection, define clinical and subclinical states of disease, determine exposure time, and identify pathogen-specific characteristics. Evolvement of management strategies that incorporated hygienic procedures (animal, floor, and milkman), post milking standing period of animal and strategic use of antibiotic or herbal therapy at dry-off, nutritional supplementation, fly control, body condition score optimization, etc., resulted in widespread control of mastitis. The udder, teat of animal, scientific management of milking, automatic milking procedure, genetic selection are considered as important factors to control mastitis. As farm management changed, scientists were directed to redefine control of mastitis caused by opportunistic pathogens of environmental sources and have sought to explore management strategies which will maintain animal well-being in a judicial way. Although significant advances in mastitis management have been made changing herd structure, changing climatic scenario and more rigorous milk processing standards ensure that mastitis will remain important issue for future research.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Insect Pests

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Sandra Skendžić ◽  
Monika Zovko ◽  
Ivana Pajač Živković ◽  
Vinko Lešić ◽  
Darija Lemić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and global warming are of great concern to agriculture worldwide and are among the most discussed issues in today’s society. Climate parameters such as increased temperatures, rising atmospheric CO2 levels, and changing precipitation patterns have significant impacts on agricultural production and on agricultural insect pests. Changes in climate can affect insect pests in several ways. They can result in an expansion of their geographic distribution, increased survival during overwintering, increased number of generations, altered synchrony between plants and pests, altered interspecific interaction, increased risk of invasion by migratory pests, increased incidence of insect-transmitted plant diseases, and reduced effectiveness of biological control, especially natural enemies. As a result, there is a serious risk of crop economic losses, as well as a challenge to human food security. As a major driver of pest population dynamics, climate change will require adaptive management strategies to deal with the changing status of pests. Several priorities can be identified for future research on the effects of climatic changes on agricultural insect pests. These include modified integrated pest management tactics, monitoring climate and pest populations, and the use of modelling prediction tools.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

Images of Aging in the Psychotherapeutic Context

GeroPsych ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Marie Kessler ◽  
Catherine E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Process ◽  
Images Of Aging ◽  
Client Communication

Both psychotherapists and their clients have mental representations of old age and the aging process. In this conceptual review, we draw on available research from gerontology, social and developmental psychology, and communication science to consider how these “images of aging” may affect the psychotherapeutic process with older clients. On the basis of selected empirical findings we hypothesize that such images may affect the pathways to psychotherapy in later life, therapist-client communication, client performance on diagnostic tests as well as how therapists select and apply a therapeutic method. We posit that interventions to help both older clients and therapists to reflect on their own images of aging may increase the likelihood of successful treatment. We conclude by making suggestions for future research.

Vibrio harveyi virulence gene expression in vitro and in vivo during infection in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

2020 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S Peeralil ◽  
TC Joseph ◽  
V Murugadas ◽  
PG Akhilnath ◽  
VN Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression

Luminescent Vibrio harveyi is common in sea and estuarine waters. It produces several virulence factors and negatively affects larval penaeid shrimp in hatcheries, resulting in severe economic losses to shrimp aquaculture. Although V. harveyi is an important pathogen of shrimp, its pathogenicity mechanisms have yet to be completely elucidated. In the present study, isolates of V. harveyi were isolated and characterized from diseased Penaeus monodon postlarvae from hatcheries in Kerala, India, from September to December 2016. All 23 tested isolates were positive for lipase, phospholipase, caseinase, gelatinase and chitinase activity, and 3 of the isolates (MFB32, MFB71 and MFB68) showed potential for significant biofilm formation. Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates of V. harveyi were grouped into 6 genotypes, predominated by vhpA+ flaB+ ser+ vhh1- luxR+ vopD- vcrD+ vscN-. One isolate from each genotype was randomly selected for in vivo virulence experiments, and the LD50 ranged from 1.7 ± 0.5 × 103 to 4.1 ± 0.1 × 105 CFU ml-1. The expression of genes during the infection in postlarvae was high in 2 of the isolates (MFB12 and MFB32), consistent with the result of the challenge test. However, in MFB19, even though all genes tested were present, their expression level was very low and likely contributed to its lack of virulence. Because of the significant variation in gene expression, the presence of virulence genes alone cannot be used as a marker for pathogenicity of V. harveyi.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gut Bacteria on the Physiology of Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier and Their Potential for the Control of This Pest

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Qian-Xia Liu ◽  
Zhi-Ping Su ◽  
Hui-Hui Liu ◽  
Sheng-Ping Lu ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Red Palm Weevil ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Palm Weevil

Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is a notorious pest, which infests palm trees and has caused great economic losses worldwide. At present, insecticide applications are still the main way to control this pest. However, pesticide resistance has been detected in the field populations of RPW. Thus, future management strategies based on the novel association biological control need be developed. Recent studies have shown that the intestinal tract of RPW is often colonized by multiple microbial species as mammals and model insects, and gut bacteria have been found to promote the growth, development and immune activity of RPW larvae by modulating nutrient metabolism. Furthermore, two peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), PGRP-LB and PGRP-S1, can act as the negative regulators to modulate the intestinal immunity to maintain the homeostasis of gut bacteria in RPW larvae. Here, we summarized the current knowledge on the gut bacterial composition of RPW and their impact on the physiological traits of RPW larvae. In contrast with metazoans, it is much easier to make genetic engineered microbes to produce some active molecules against pests. From this perspective, because of the profound effects of gut bacteria on host phenotypes, it is promising to dissect the molecular mechanisms behind their effect on host physiology and facilitate the development of microbial resource-based management methods for pest control.

scholarly journals Diversity of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease in Tropical Fruit Crops—A Review

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Latiffah Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Fruit Plantations

In tropical fruit crops, anthracnose is mainly caused by species belonging to the fungal genus, Colletotrichum. These phytopathogens can infect several parts of the fruit crops; however, infection during postharvest or ripening stages is responsible for major economic losses. Due to the formation of black to dark brown sunken lesions on the fruit surface, anthracnose reduces fruit quality and marketability. Among the most common tropical fruit crops susceptible to anthracnose are mango, papaya, banana, avocado, guava, and dragon fruit; these are economically relevant products in many developing countries. It is important to document that the newly recorded Colletotrichum spp. associated with fruit anthracnose can infect multiple hosts, but some species may be host-specific. By using multiple markers, many phylogenetic species of Colletotrichum have been reported as anthracnose-causing pathogens. Taking into account that disease management strategies strongly rely on adequate knowledge of the causative agents, updated information on Colletotrichum species and the hazard posed by the most recently identified species in tropical fruit plantations and harvested fruits becomes vital. Besides, the newly recorded species may be important for biosecurity and should be listed as quarantine pathogens, considering that tropical fruits are traded worldwide.

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