scholarly journals Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in Gulls Feeding on Zagreb Rubbish Tip, Croatia; Their Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Perspective with Human and Broiler Isolates

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Luka Jurinović ◽  
Sanja Duvnjak ◽  
Gordan Kompes ◽  
Silvija Šoprek ◽  
Borka Šimpraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Human Faeces ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacteriosis is the most common gastrointestinal bacterial disease in the European Union (EU). Wild birds are one of the natural reservoirs of these pathogens. In this study we tested cloacal swabs of 643 gulls captured on rubbish tip in Zagreb, Croatia for the presence of Campylobacter spp. and found 168 Campylobacter positive samples. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to genotype 62 random C. jejuni isolates from gulls, 24 isolates from broiler caeca, 27 isolates from broiler neck skins and 23 human isolates. Altogether, we identified 44 different STs, from which 19 were newly described. Most of the new STs (14) originate from gulls. Although humans and broilers share the majority of STs and isolates from gulls are separated from these, there was one ST present in all three hosts: 45. Additionally antimicrobial susceptibility to six antimicrobials was performed on 123 C. jejuni strains isolated from broiler caeca (n = 22), neck skins of broilers (n = 20), gulls cloacal swabs (n = 50) and human faeces (n = 31) by the broth microdilution method. Results show lower resistance of gull isolates to NAL and CIP, while resistance to TET was as high as in human and broiler isolates.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from Broilers and Broiler House Environments in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NORSTRÖM ◽  
G. JOHNSEN ◽  
M. HOFSHAGEN ◽  
H. THARALDSEN ◽  
H. KRUSE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Broiler House

Antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni collected from the environment outside four broiler houses (n = 63) and from the environment inside these broiler houses (including broiler droppings) (n = 36) from May to September 2004 was studied and compared with isolates from Norwegian broilers analyzed within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring program of antimicrobial resistance in feed, food, and animals (NORM-VET) in 2004 (n = 75). The MICs of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained by the broth microdilution method VetMIC. The present study, which to our knowledge is the first Norwegian study on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from the environment of broiler houses, revealed a very low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from the broilers and broiler house environments studied. All isolates originating from the four broiler houses studied were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except for one isolate from the outdoor environment (courtyard soil), which was resistant to oxytetracycline (MIC, 8 mg/liter). For the isolates from broilers (NORM-VET), low prevalences of resistance to oxytetracycline (1.3%) and ampicillin (4%) were observed. No quinolone resistance was observed. The results for the broiler isolates are in agreement with the earlier findings of a very low prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter from broilers in Norway, which reflects the low usage of antimicrobials in Norwegian broiler production. Furthermore, the present data are in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. jejuni from domestically acquired human cases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacteria Isolated from Orthopedic Implants following Revision Hip Surgery

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 3002-3005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Tunney ◽  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Sheila Patrick ◽  
James R. Nixon ◽  
Philip G. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Hip Surgery ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Revision Hip Surgery

The susceptibilities of 49 isolates recovered from orthopedic implants to seven antimicrobial agents were evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Ciprofloxacin and vancomycin were more active than gentamicin, representing aminoglycosides which are routinely incorporated into bone cement, and also more active than the peroperative antimicrobial agents cefamandole and erythromycin. The use of ciprofloxacin and vancomycin in vivo, therefore, warrants further evaluation.

Improved Broth Microdilution Method for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ofFrancisella Noatunensis Orientalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Soto ◽  
Iona Halliday-Simmonds ◽  
Stewart Francis ◽  
Trellor Fraites ◽  
Beatriz Martínez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility in thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from pigs and chickens in South Africa

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jonker ◽  
J.A. Picard
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of sporadic food-borne bacterial disease in humans. In intensive poultry and pig rearing systems the use of oral antibiotics is essential to maintain health. Consequently, there is a high risk for the thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli resident in the intestinal tract of food animals to develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Contamination of meat or eggs with pathogenic strains of resistant Campylobacter could, therefore, result in a form of campylobacteriosis in humans that is difficult to treat. The aim of this investigation was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from pigs and poultry by the broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. A total of 482 samples from the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces was collected and analysed. Thirty-eight Campylobacter isolates were obtained. Analysis of data revealed that C. jejuni strains mainly of poultry origin were more resistant to the fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines and the C. coli strains were more resistant to the macrolides and lincosamides. Multiresistance was also detected in 4 Campylobacter strains from the Western Cape. With the exception of tetracyclines, strains from high health Gauteng broiler farms were susceptible to antibiotics used to treat Campylobacter infections.

scholarly journals Optimal Concentration of Organic Solvents to be Used in the Broth Microdilution Method to Determine the Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products Against Paenibacillus Larvae

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Melina Cugnata ◽  
Elisa Guaspari ◽  
Maria Celeste Pellegrini ◽  
Sandra Rosa Fuselli ◽  
Rosa Maria Alonso-Salces
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Paenibacillus Larvae ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Abstract American Foulbrood (AFB) is a bacterial disease, caused by Paenibacillus larvae, that affects honeybees (Apis mellifera). Alternative strategies to control AFB are based on the treatment of the beehives with antimicrobial natural substances such as extracts, essential oils and/or pure compounds from plants, honey by-products, bacteria and moulds. The broth microdilution method is currently one of the most widely used methods to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a substance. In this regard, the fact that most natural products, due to their lipophilic nature, must be dissolved in organic solvents or their aqueous mixtures is an issue of major concern because the organic solvent becomes part of the dilution in the incubation medium, and therefore, can interfere with bacterial viability depending on its nature and concentration. A systematic study was carried out to determine by the broth microdilution method the MIC and the maximum non inhibitory concentration (MNIC) against P. larvae of the most common organic solvents used to extract or dissolve natural products, i.e. ethanol, methanol, acetonitrile, n-butanol, dimethylsulfoxide, and acidified hydromethanolic solutions. From the MIC and MNIC for each organic solvent, recommended maximum concentrations in contact with P. larvae were established: DMSO 5% (v/v), acetonitrile 7.5% (v/v), ethanol 7.5% (v/v), methanol 12% (v/v), n-butanol 1% (v/v), and methanol-water-acetic acid (1.25:98.71:0.04, v/v/v).

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