scholarly journals The Circulation of Type F Clostridium perfringens among Humans, Sewage, and Ruditapes philippinarum (Asari Clams)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Yanagimoto ◽  
Kosei Uematsu ◽  
Takaya Yamagami ◽  
Eiji Haramoto
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Sewage Pollution

Clostridium perfringens is an important pathogen that is responsible for gastroenteritis; the causative agent for the symptoms is C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), which is mainly produced by type F C. perfringens. Since shellfishes may gather C. perfringens in the water environment, this study estimated the potential circulation of type F C. perfringens among humans, sewage, and Ruditapes philippinarum (asari clams) as a result of sewage pollution. A comparison of the characteristics among the isolates from 86 sewage influents, 36 effluents, 76 asari clams, and 37 humans was conducted. Serotyping, cpe genotyping, and toxin genotyping showed that C. perfringens with a plasmid IS1151 sequence downstream of cpe was predominant among sewage influents, effluents, humans, and asari clams. Multilocus sequence typing suggested that some isolates from a human, sewage influents, effluents, and asari clams were linked to each other. These results demonstrated that asari clams are the necessary infection sources of C. perfringens responsible for carriers and foodborne diseases, and that these pathogens from humans infected by asari clams can pollute the water environment. It is useful to assess bacteria such as C. perfringens isolates from sewage to estimate the trend of those from the community.

scholarly journals The Possible Transmission and Potential Enterotoxicity of Bacillus cereus on Lettuce Farms in Five Chinese Provinces

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Qu ◽  
Chao Wei ◽  
Xiaohang Dai ◽  
Yalong Bai ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Sequence Types

Bacillus cereus is a well-characterized human pathogen that produces toxins associated with diarrheal and emetic foodborne diseases. To investigate the possible transmission of B. cereus on lettuce farms in China and determine its enterotoxicity, (I) a total of 524 samples (lettuce: 332, soil: 69, water: 57, manure: 57, pesticide: 9) were collected from 46 lettuce farms in five Chinese provinces, (II) multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to classify B. cereus isolates and for trace analysis, and (III) the presence of toxin genes and enterotoxins (Hbl and Nhe) was detected in 68 strains. The results showed that one hundred and sixty-one lettuce samples (48.5%) tested positive for B. cereus at levels ranging from 10 to 5.3 × 104 CFU/g. Among the environmental sample categories surveyed, the highest positive rate was that of the pesticide samples at 55.6%, followed by soil samples at 52.2% and manure samples at 12.3%. Moreover, one hundred isolates of B. cereus yielded 68 different sequence types (STs) and were classified into five phylogenetic clades. Furthermore, Nhe toxin genes (nheA, nheB, nheC) were broadly distributed and identified in all 68 strains (100%), while Hbl toxin genes (hblA, hblC, hblD) were present in 61 strains (89.7%), entFM was detected in 62 strains (91.2%), and cytK was found in 29 strains (42.6%). All strains were negative for ces. As for the enterotoxin, Nhe was observed in all 68 isolates carrying nheB, while Hbl was present in 76.5% (52/68) of the strains harboring hblC. This study is the first report of possible B. cereus transmission and of its potential enterotoxicity on lettuce farms in China. The results showed that soil and pesticides are the main sources of B. cereus on lettuce farms in China, and the possible transmission routes are as follows: soil-lettuce, manure-lettuce, pesticide-lettuce, manure-soil-lettuce, and water-manure-soil-lettuce. Furthermore, the B. cereus isolates, whether from lettuce or the environment, pose a potential risk to health.

Multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium perfringens strains from neonatal calves, dairy workers and associated environment in India

Anaerobe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 102212
Author(s):  
Asha Kumari Verma ◽  
Mostafa Y. Abdel-Glil ◽  
Angappan Madesh ◽  
Shailendri Gupta ◽  
Athira Cheruplackal Karunakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Dairy Workers ◽  
Neonatal Calves

scholarly journals Multilocus Sequence Typing Analysis of Clostridium perfringens Isolates from Necrotic Enteritis Outbreaks in Broiler Chicken Populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3957-3964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chalmers ◽  
H. L. Bruce ◽  
D. B. Hunter ◽  
V. R. Parreira ◽  
R. R. Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis

scholarly journals Clostridium perfringens in foods and fish

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. J. Cortés-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
General Description ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Foodborne diseases are considered an important public health problem at a global level due to their levels of incidence and mortality as well as their negative consequences in economic and social aspects. Foodborne diseases are defined as those that are generated by the ingestion of food and water contaminated by chemical or biological agents commonly affecting health at the level of the gastrointestinal system. Among the risks and dangers to health from food are the diseases caused by Clostridium perfringens, a common bacterium which inhabits water, soil, vegetables, fish, the gastrointestinal system of human and animals and of course foods. The importance of this bacterium in health and food lies both in its cosmopolitan distribution, ability to generate heat-resistant spores and food poisoning, which makes control and prevention actions indispensable along the food chain. This article presents a general description of foodborne diseases, including those caused by consumption of food, such as fish, derived from contamination by C. perfringens; likewise, the actions and recommendations undertaken around the world for the prevention and control of these diseases are shown, including aspects related to the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon and its impact on public health.

scholarly journals Isolation, identification and toxinotyping of Clostridium perfringens isolated from broilers in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1367-1372
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Abadeen
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Type A ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Alpha Toxin ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Isolation Rate

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is one of the important enteric disease in the poultry industry worldwide, caused by C. perfringens type A. This study describes the isolation, identification, and toxinotyping of C. perfringens in necrotic enteritis affected broiler chicken in Pakistan. A total of 430 intestinal samples from dead carcasses and birds suspected of NE outbreak, in and around Faisalabad, Pakistan were collected from 36 broiler farms which yielded 87 alpha toxin gene (cpa) positive C. perfringens type A isolates. The birds having 4-5 weeks of age, clinical signs, and reared in open (conventional) sheds showed higher C. perfringens isolation rate. The study concluded netB negative C. perfringens type A as a causative agent for NE outbreaks in broiler birds in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Virulence factors ofVibrioP1, the causative agent of brown ring disease in the Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum

1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Borrego ◽  
Antonio Luque ◽  
Dolores Castro ◽  
Jesús A. Santamaría ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Manzanares
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Brown Ring Disease

scholarly journals Biogeography of P aenibacillus larvae , the causative agent of American foulbrood, using a new multilocus sequence typing scheme

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1414-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Morrissey ◽  
Thorunn Helgason ◽  
Lena Poppinga ◽  
Anne Fünfhaus ◽  
Elke Genersch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
American Foulbrood ◽  
Typing Scheme
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