scholarly journals Concurrent Infection of Skunk Adenovirus-1, Listeria monocytogenes, and a Regionally Specific Clade of Canine Distemper Virus in One Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and Concurrent Listeriosis and Canine Distemper in a Second Gray Fox

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
David B. Needle ◽  
Jacqueline L. Marr ◽  
Cooper J. Park ◽  
Cheryl P. Andam ◽  
Annabel G. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
New England ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Gray Fox ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Free Ranging

One free-ranging Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) underwent autopsy following neurologic disease, with findings including morbilliviral inclusions and associated lesions in numerous tissues, adenoviral intranuclear inclusions in bronchial epithelial cells, and septic pleuropneumonia, hepatitis, splenitis, and meningoencephalitis. Molecular diagnostics on fresh lung identified a strain within a distinct clade of canine distemper that is currently unique to wildlife in New England, as well as the emerging multi-host viral pathogen skunk adenovirus-1. Bacterial culture of fresh liver resulted in a pure growth of Listeria monocytogenes, with whole genome sequencing indicating that the isolate had a vast array of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated genes. One year later, a second fox was euthanized for inappropriate behavior in a residential area, and diagnostic workup revealed canine distemper and septic L. monocytogenes, with the former closely related to the distemper virus found in the previous fox and the latter divergent from the L. monocytogenes from the previous fox.

scholarly journals Infection of eight mesocarnivores in New Hampshire and Vermont with a distinct clade of canine distemper virus in 2016–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Needle ◽  
Vivien C. Burnell ◽  
Marίa J. Forzán ◽  
Edward J. Dubovi ◽  
Krysten L. Schuler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
New England ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Martes Pennanti ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus

Three fishers ( Martes pennanti), 2 gray foxes ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 1 mink ( Neovison vison), 1 skunk ( Mephitis mephitis), and 1 raccoon ( Procyon lotor), from Vermont and New Hampshire, had lesions on autopsy consistent with canine distemper virus (CDV) infections diagnosed in a 12-mo period in 2016–2017. Lesions of CDV infection were most commonly noted in the lungs (8 of 8 animals), urothelium (5 of 8), biliary tract (5 of 8), gastrointestinal tract (4 of 7), and brain (4 of 6). Splenic lesions were seen in 3 animals. The diagnosis was confirmed via immunohistochemistry and virus isolation. Viral genotyping indicated that all 8 animals were infected with a distinct clade of CDV that has only been reported in wildlife in New England, and this clade of viruses is distinct from vaccine strains. During the 12 mo when these cases occurred, no other CDV clade was identified in any other wildlife or domesticated animal submitted from the 2 states.

scholarly journals Canine distemper virus infection in a lesser grison (Galictis cuja): first report and virus phylogeny

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Megid ◽  
Carlos R. Teixeira ◽  
Adriana Cortez ◽  
Marcos B. Heinemann ◽  
João M.A.P. Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Habitat Alterations ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
First Case ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Free Ranging

Infectious diseases in wild animals have been increasing as a result of their habitat alterations and closer contact with domestic animals. Canine distemper virus (CDV) has been reported in several species of wild carnivores, presenting a threat to wildlife conservation. We described the first case of canine distemper virus infection in lesser grison (Galictis cuja). A free-ranging individual, with no visible clinical sigs, presented sudden death after one day in captivity. Molecular diagnosis for CDV infection was performed using whole blood collected by postmortem intracardiac puncture, which resulted positive. The virus phylogeny indicated that domestic dogs were the probable source of infection.

Range Extension of the Gray Fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus

1964 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Charles A. Long ◽  
Claudine F. Long
Keyword(s):  
Range Extension ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Gray Fox

scholarly journals Molecular evidence for vaccine-induced canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus 2 coinfection in a fennec fox

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-603
Author(s):  
Kenichi Tamukai ◽  
Shohei Minami ◽  
Rio Kurihara ◽  
Hiroshi Shimoda ◽  
Ikki Mitsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusions ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusion ◽  
The Brain

A 61-d-old fennec fox ( Vulpes zerda), 11 d after receiving a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine containing canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), parainfluenza virus, parvovirus, and canine coronavirus, developed oculonasal discharge, and subsequently convulsions, and hemoptysis, and died. Microscopic changes in the cerebrum were evident, including neuronal degeneration and necrosis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed in astrocytes. CDV was detected in the brain tissue by immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary lesions of multifocal necrotizing bronchopneumonia had Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in the bronchial epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed crystalline arrays of adenovirus-like particles within the intranuclear inclusions. Additionally, the hemagglutinin gene of CDV and the CAdV-2 DNA polymerase gene were detected in the fennec fox; sequence analysis showed 100% identity with those of the vaccine strain viruses. To our knowledge, vaccine-induced CDV and CAdV-2 coinfections using molecular analysis have not been reported previously. Therefore, vaccine strains should be considered prior to CDV vaccination in nondomestic carnivores.

scholarly journals Gray fox ( Urocyon cinereoargenteus ) parasite diversity in central Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Hernández-Camacho ◽  
Raúl Francisco Pineda-López ◽  
María de Jesús Guerrero-Carrillo ◽  
Germinal Jorge Cantó-Alarcón ◽  
Robert Wallace Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Mexico ◽  
Parasite Diversity ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Gray Fox

scholarly journals Human Sapovirus among Outpatients with Acute Gastroenteritis in Spain: A One-Year Study

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel F Varela ◽  
Enrique Rivadulla ◽  
Alberto Lema ◽  
Jesús L Romalde
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
One Year ◽  
Different Strains

Viral agents of human gastroenteritis affect people of all ages across the globe. As a mainly self-limiting disease, it is difficult to evaluate the real prevalence of etiological agents circulating in each region. Many of the analyzed outbreaks are caused by viruses of the family Caliciviridae, especially the genus Norovirus (NoV). Most studies have focused on other enteric viruses, leaving sapovirus (SaV) underestimated as an important emerging human threat. This one-year study analyzed clinical samples from hospital outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Spain, with the aim of revealing the importance of human SaV as an emerging viral pathogen. A total of 2667 stools were tested using reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR to detect and quantify SaV. Sapovirus was detected in all age groups, especially in infants, children, and the elderly. The prevalence was 15.64% (417/2667), and was slightly higher in 0–2- and 3–5-year-olds (19.53% and 17.95%, respectively) and much lower in 13–18-year-olds (9.86%). Positive samples were detected throughout the year, with peaks of detection during autumn and the late winter to early spring months. The mean value for the quantified samples was 6.5 × 105 genome copies per gram of stool (GC/g) (range 2.4 × 103–6.6 × 1011 GC/g). RT-nested PCR and sequencing were used for further genotyping. Genetic characterization showed a predominance of genogroup I (GI), followed by GII and GIV. The detection of multiple genotypes suggests the circulation of different strains without any clear tendency. The results obtained suggest SaV as the second major gastroenteritis agent after NoV in the region.

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