scholarly journals Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus from Brazil and New Caledonia for Three Zika Virus Lineages

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilainy S. Fernandes ◽  
Olivia O’Connor ◽  
Maria Ignez L. Bersot ◽  
Dominique Girault ◽  
Marguerite R. Dokunengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Viral Surveillance ◽  
Virus Strains

Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused severe epidemics in South America beginning in 2015, following its spread through the Pacific. We comparatively assessed the vector competence of ten populations of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus from Brazil and two of Ae. aegypti and one of Culex quinquefasciatus from New Caledonia to transmit three ZIKV isolates belonging to African, Asian and American lineages. Recently colonized mosquitoes from eight distinct sites from both countries were orally challenged with the same viral load (107 TCID50/mL) and examined after 7, 14 and 21 days. Cx. quinquefasciatus was refractory to infection with all virus strains. In contrast, although competence varied with geographical origin, Brazilian and New Caledonian Ae. aegypti could transmit the three ZIKV lineages, with a strong advantage for the African lineage (the only one reaching saliva one-week after challenge). Brazilian Ae. albopictus populations were less competent than Ae. aegypti populations. Ae. albopictus generally exhibited almost no transmission for Asian and American lineages, but was efficient in transmitting the African ZIKV. Viral surveillance and mosquito control measures must be strengthened to avoid the spread of new ZIKV lineages and minimize the transmission of viruses currently circulating.

scholarly journals Global spatial assessment of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus: a scenario of Zika virus exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Alaniz ◽  
Mario A. Carvajal ◽  
Antonella Bacigalupo ◽  
Pedro E. Cattan
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
World Population ◽  
Potential Vector ◽  
Risk Zones

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus transmitted mainly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Recent scientific evidence on Culex quinquefasciatus has suggested its potential as a vector for ZIKV, which may change the current risk zones. We aimed to quantify the world population potentially exposed to ZIKV in a spatially explicit way, considering the primary vector (A. aegypti) and the potential vector (C. quinquefasciatus). Our model combined species distribution modelling of mosquito species with spatially explicit human population data to estimate ZIKV exposure risk. We estimated the potential global distribution of C. quinquefasciatus and estimated its potential interaction zones with A. aegypti. Then we evaluated the risk zones for ZIKV considering both vectors. Finally, we quantified and compared the people under risk associated with each vector by risk level, country and continent. We found that C. quinquefasciatus had a more temperate distribution until 42° in both hemispheres, while the risk involving A. aegypti is concentrated mainly in tropical latitudes until 35° in both hemispheres. Globally, 4.2 billion people are under risk associated with ZIKV. Around 2.6 billon people are under very high risk associated with C. quinquefasciatus and 1 billion people associated with A. aegypti. Several countries could be exposed to ZIKV, which emphasises the need to clarify the competence of C. quinquefasciatus as a potential vector as soon as possible. The models presented here represent a tool for risk management, public health planning, mosquito control and preventive actions, especially to focus efforts on the most affected areas.

scholarly journals Zika mosquito vectors: the jury is still out

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
The Common

After a 40-year hiatus, the International Congress of Entomology (ICE 2016) convened in Orlando, Florida (September 25-30, 2016). One of the symposia at ICE 2016, the Zika Symposium, covered multiple aspects of the Zika epidemic, including epidemiology, sexual transmission, genetic tools for reducing transmission, and particularly vector competence. While there was a consensus among participants that the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is a vector of the Zika virus, there is growing evidence indicating that the range of mosquito vectors might be wider than anticipated. In particular, three independent groups from Canada, China, and Brazil presented and discussed laboratory and field data strongly suggesting that the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, also known as the common mosquito, is highly likely to be a vector in certain environments.

scholarly journals Zika mosquito vectors: the jury is still out

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
The Common

After a 40-year hiatus, the International Congress of Entomology (ICE 2016) convened in Orlando, Florida (September 25-30, 2016). One of the symposia at ICE 2016, the Zika Symposium, covered multiple aspects of the Zika epidemic, including epidemiology, sexual transmission, genetic tools for reducing transmission, and particularly vector competence. While there was a consensus among participants that the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is a vector of the Zika virus, there is growing evidence indicating that the range of mosquito vectors might be wider than anticipated. In particular, three independent groups from Canada, China, and Brazil presented and discussed laboratory and field data strongly suggesting that the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, also known as the common mosquito, is highly likely to be a vector in certain environments.

scholarly journals Vector competence of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico for Zika virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin Elizondo-Quiroga ◽  
Miriam Ramírez-Medina ◽  
Abel Gutiérrez-Ortega ◽  
Armando Elizondo-Quiroga ◽  
José Esteban Muñoz-Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Almost All

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen discovered in the late 40’s in Uganda during a surveillance program for yellow fever. By 2014 the virus reached Eastern Island in the Americas, and two years later, the virus spread to almost all countries and territories of the Americas. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has been identified as the main vector of the disease, and several researchers have also studied the vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus in virus transmission. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the vector competence of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus in order to understand their roles in the transmission of ZIKV in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. In blood feeding laboratry experiments, we found that Ae. aegypti mosquitoes showed to be a competent vector able to transmit ZIKV in this area. On the other hand, we found that F0 Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are refractory to ZIKV infection, dissemination and transmission.

scholarly journals Short Communication: A checklist of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-473
Author(s):  
TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
Anopheles Barbirostris

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T. 2019. Short Communication: A checklist of the mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 468-473. Mosquito is a medically important insect, which is a vector to transmit pathogens to humans. There are several methods to reduce the numbers mosquitoes, which requires entomological knowledge. It is critical to know the species of mosquitoes in the area to choose the most suitable method to provide vector control, specifically, to target mosquito species. In this study, we investigated the species of mosquito vectors in the Huay Nam Nak Village in the Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand, which is an endemic area of mosquito-borne diseases, especially malaria and dengue fever. Mosquito species were collected by the Mosquito Magnet® Independence trap from the Huay Nam Nak Village. A total of 1,002 mosquitoes, divided into eight species in four genera, including Anopheles barbirostris s.l. van der Wulp (118 individuals), An. subpictus s.l. Grassi (127 individuals), Culex quinquefasciatus Say (186 individuals), Cx. vishnui Theobald (204 individuals), Cx. whitmorei Giles (198 individuals), Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (45 individuals), Ae. albopictus Skuse (78 individuals), and Armigeres subalbatus Coquillett (46 individuals). This checklist of the mosquito species is very important information to set mosquito control measures that suit each area.

scholarly journals Laboratory strains of Aedes aegypti are Competent to Brazilian Zika virus

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Costa-da-Silva ◽  
Rafaella Sayuri Ioshino ◽  
Helena Rocha Corrêa Araújo ◽  
Bianca Burini Kojin ◽  
Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractSince the Zika outbreaks are unprecedented human threat in relation to congenital malformations and neurological/autoimmune complications as well as its high potential to spread in regions presenting the vectors, improvements in mosquito control is a top priority. Thus, Aedes aegypti laboratory strains will be fundamental to support studies in different research fields implicated on Zika-mosquito interactions which are the basis for the development of innovative control methods. In this sense, we determined the main infection aspects of the Brazilian Zika strain in reference Aedes aegypti laboratory mosquitoes.We orally exposed Rockefeller, Higgs and Rexville mosquitoes to a Brazilian ZIKV (ZIKVBR) and qRT-PCR was applied to determine the infection and dissemination rates, and viral levels in mosquito tissues as well as in the saliva. The ZIKVBR kinetics was monitored during the infection in Rockefeller mosquitoes. Rockefeller strain was the most susceptible at 7 days post-infection but all strains presented similar infection levels at 14 days post-infection. Although variations in the saliva detection rates were observed, we confirmed that ZIKVBR was present in saliva from Rockefeller, Higgs and Rexville females at detectable levels at 14 days post-infection. The ZIKVBR kinetics in Rockefeller mosquitoes showed that the virus could be detected in the heads at 4 days post-infection but was more consistently detected late in infection. The viral levels peaked at 11 days post-infection in the mosquito bodies, remaining stable until 14 days post-infection, in contrast to the heads, where the mean viral levels only peaked at 14 days post-infection.Our study presents the first evaluation on how Brazilian Zika virus behaves in reference Aedes aegypti strains and shed light on how the infection evolves over time. Vector competence and basic hallmarks of the ZIKVBR development were revealed in laboratory mosquitoes. This study provides additional information to accelerate studies focusing on ZIKV-mosquito interactions.

scholarly journals Vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex tarsalis, and Culex quinquefasciatus from California for Zika virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0006524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Main ◽  
Jay Nicholson ◽  
Olivia C. Winokur ◽  
Cody Steiner ◽  
Kasen K. Riemersma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Culex Tarsalis

scholarly journals The effects of exposure to pyriproxyfen and predation on Zika virus infection and transmission in Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0008846
Author(s):  
Abdullah A. Alomar ◽  
Bradley H. Eastmond ◽  
Barry W. Alto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevention Measures

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne pathogen that can cause global public health threats. In the absence of effective antiviral medications, prevention measures rely largely on reducing the number of adult mosquito vectors by targeting juvenile stages. Despite the importance of juvenile mosquito control measures in reducing adult population size, a full understanding of the effects of these measures in determining mosquito phenotypic traits and in mosquito-arbovirus interactions is poorly understood. Pyriproxyfen is a juvenile hormone analog that primarily blocks adult emergence, but does not cause mortality in larvae. This mechanism has the potential to work in combination with other juvenile sources of mortality in nature such as predation to affect mosquito populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effects of juvenile exposure to pyriproxyfen and predatory mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus on Aedes aegypti phenotypes including susceptibility to ZIKV infection and transmission. We discovered that combined effects of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus led to higher inhibition of adult emergence in Ae. aegypti than observed in pyriproxyfen or Tx. rutilus treatments alone. Adult body size was larger in treatments containing Tx. rutilus and in treatments mimicking the daily mortality of predation compared to control or pyriproxyfen treatments. Susceptibility to infection with ZIKV in Ae. aegypti was reduced in predator treatment relative to those exposed to pyriproxyfen. Disseminated infection, transmission, and titers of ZIKV in Ae. aegypti were similar in all treatments relative to controls. Our data suggest that the combination of pyriproxyfen and Tx. rutilus can inhibit adult Ae. aegypti emergence but may confer a fitness advantage in survivors and does not inhibit their vector competence for ZIKV relative to controls. Understanding the ultimate consequences of juvenile mosquito control measures on subsequent adults’ ability to transmit pathogens is critical to fully understand their overall impacts.

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