scholarly journals Efficacy of Erymicin 200 Injections for Reducing Renibacterium salmoninarum and Controlling Vertical Transmission in an Inland Rainbow Trout Brood Stock

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Eric R. Fetherman ◽  
Brad Neuschwanger ◽  
Tracy Davis ◽  
Colby L. Wells ◽  
April Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
And Control ◽  
Brood Fish ◽  
Significant Mortality

Bacterial Kidney Disease, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), is widespread and can cause significant mortality at most life stages in infected salmonids. Rs is commonly found in inland trout, which can be carriers of the bacterium. Lethal spawns can be used to control vertical transmission to progeny through the culling of eggs from infected parents, but can be costly, time-consuming, and can negatively impact important and rare brood stocks. Erymicin 200 is an Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) intended to reduce Rs levels in hatchery brood stocks and control vertical transmission to progeny. We tested the efficacy of Erymicin 200 injections in a positive, hatchery-resident rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brood stock in Colorado, USA. Brood fish age two and three were injected with 25 mg per kg of body weight Erymicin 200 three times prior to spawning. Erymicin 200 was effective in reducing Rs to below detectable levels in treated fish. However, both negative treated and control brood fish produced positive progeny, suggesting that Erymicin 200 did not prevent the vertical transmission of Rs.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Renibacterium salmoninarum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Leszek Guz ◽  
Krzysztof Puk
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Molecular Description

Abstract Renibacterium salmoninarum causes bacterial kidney disease mainly in salmonid fish. Oligonucleotide primers incorporating R. salmoninarum unique sequences were designed to amplify a 501 bp region of the gene encoding a 57 kDa soluble extra-cellular protein. The primers did not amplify other wide varieties of aquatic or piscine bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida or Yersinia ruckeri. This assay provides a molecular description and definitive identification of R. salmoninarum in Poland.

Branchial chloride cell proliferation in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: implications for gas transfer

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1395-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn D. Bindon ◽  
James C. Fenwick ◽  
Steve F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chloride Cell ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
Fractional Surface

The effects of branchial chloride cell proliferation on ion transport capability and gill morphometry were evaluated in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to test the hypothesis that chloride cell (CC) proliferation benefits ionic regulation at the expense of efficient gas transfer. The extent of hormone-induced CC proliferation (using ovine growth hormone (oGH), cortisol, or a combination of both) on the gill filament epithelium was assessed by determining the fractional surface area of exposed cells using scanning electron microscopy. Cortisol and oGH were equally effective in increasing CC fractional surface area (~2×), owing to the enlargement of individual CCs. The combined cortisol/oGH treatment resulted in an even greater increase in CC fractional area (~6×), as both the size and number of CCs increased. Sham injections were without effect on CC surface area or number. Significant increases in Na+ (Jin Na+) and Cl− uptake (Jin Cl−) were observed after all hormone treatments and were correlated positively with the increases in the CC fractional surface area. These findings support the view that CC proliferation enhances branchial ion transport capability. Lamellar epithelial thickness (measured by transmission electron microscopy) was increased in hormone-treated fish, while lamellar surface area (measured using light microscopy) was unaffected. The area of the interlamellar water channels (calculated from light micrographs) was significantly reduced in hormone-treated fish. These results suggest that, in trout, a compromise is made between the efficiency of ion regulation and gas transfer in which the enlargement/proliferation of CCs may impede gas transfer.

scholarly journals beta-Naphthoflavone abolishes interrenal sensitivity to ACTH stimulation in rainbow trout

1998 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Wilson ◽  
MM Vijayan ◽  
CJ Kennedy ◽  
GK Iwama ◽  
TW Moon
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Treated Fish ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hepatic Cytochrome ◽  
Stimulation Of

We report for the first time that beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) abolishes ACTH stimulation of cortisol production in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). There was significantly higher hepatic cytochrome P450 content and ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase and uridine-5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid transferase activities in BNF-treated fish than in sham-treated controls. BNF did not significantly affect either plasma turnover or tissue distribution of [3H]cortisol-derived radioactivity. Hepatic membrane fluidity and hepatocyte capacity for cortisol uptake were not altered by BNF as compared with the sham-treated fish. These results taken together suggest that BNF does not affect cortisol-clearance mechanisms in trout. A 3 min handling disturbance period elicited a plasma cortisol response in the sham-treated fish; however, the response in the BNF-treated fish was muted and significantly lower than in the sham fish. This in vivo response corroborates the lack of interrenal sensitivity to ACTH in vitro in the BNF-treated fish, suggesting that BNF affects the ACTH pathway in trout. Our results suggest the possibility that cytochrome P450-inducing compounds may affect cortisol dynamics by decreasing interrenal responsiveness to ACTH stimulation in fish, thereby impairing the physiological responses that are necessary for the animal to cope with the stressor.

Immune Complex-mediated Glomerulonephritis Associated with Bacterial Kidney Disease in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sami ◽  
T. Fischer-Scherl ◽  
R. W. Hoffmann ◽  
C. Pfeil-Putzien
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Membranous Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Basement Membranes ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dense Deposits ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Immunoglobulin Deposits

Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) developed a post-infectious chronic membranous glomerulonephritis 15 months after they had been experimentally infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum. Histologically, peritubular and periglomerular fibrosis, hypercellular glomeruli with occluded Bowman's space, and partial or complete adhesion to Bowman's capsule were constant features. Electron microscopy revealed thickened glomerular basement membranes with spikes accompanied by finely granular electron-dense deposits at the epithelial side and dense material in the mesangial matrix. Indirect immunofluorescence indicated linear immunoglobulin deposits along the glomerular basement membrane. The presence of R. salmoninarum was demonstrated by culture and by indirect immunofluorescence. Low serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers were demonstrated.

Bacterial kidney disease as a model for studies of cell mediated immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jansson ◽  
Thorbjörn Hongslo ◽  
Anders Johannisson ◽  
Lars Pilström ◽  
Sirje Timmusk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease
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