scholarly journals Mycoplasma bovis in Spanish Cattle Herds: Two Groups of Multiresistant Isolates Predominate, with One Remaining Susceptible to Fluoroquinolones

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana García-Galán ◽  
Laurent-Xavier Nouvel ◽  
Eric Baranowski ◽  
Ángel Gómez-Martín ◽  
Antonio Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Detection Of Mutations ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments

Mycoplasma bovis is an important bovine pathogen causing pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis and is responsible for major economic losses worldwide. In the absence of an efficient vaccine, control of M. bovis infections mainly relies on antimicrobial treatments, but resistance is reported in an increasing number of countries. To address the situation in Spain, M. bovis was searched in 436 samples collected from beef and dairy cattle (2016–2019) and 28% were positive. Single-locus typing using polC sequences further revealed that two subtypes ST2 and ST3, circulate in Spain both in beef and dairy cattle, regardless of the regions or the clinical signs. Monitoring of ST2 and ST3 isolates minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to a panel of antimicrobials revealed one major difference when using fluoroquinolones (FQL): ST2 is more susceptible than ST3. Accordingly, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) further identified mutations in the gyrA and parC regions, encoding quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) only in ST3 isolates. This situation shows the capacity of ST3 to accumulate mutations in QRDR and might reflect the selective pressure imposed by the extensive use of these antimicrobials. MIC values and detection of mutations by WGS also showed that most Spanish isolates are resistant to macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines. Valnemulin was the only one effective, at least in vitro, against both STs.

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma bovis clinical isolates recovered from bison (Bison bison)

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suleman ◽  
Tracy Prysliak ◽  
Claire Windeyer ◽  
Jose Perez-Casal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Laboratory Reference ◽  
First Time

Mycoplasma bovis is a pathogen globally affecting cattle and bison herds, causing pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis, abortions, and other symptoms, leading to huge economic losses. Many studies have been done regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis isolated from cattle, but no such study is available for isolates recovered from bison. For the first time, in vitro susceptibilities of 40 M. bovis clinical isolates collected from bison herds in Canada are reported here. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using Sensititre® plates. The most effective MIC50 and MIC90 were for spectinomycin (1 and >64 μg/mL), tiamulin (1 and >32 μg/mL), and tulathromycin (16 and 64 μg/mL), whereas tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and florfenicol failed to inhibit growth of M. bovis bison isolates. Isolates were nonsusceptible to tetracyclines (100%), fluoroquinolones (97.5%), and tilmicosin (100%), whereas the highest susceptibility of bison clinical isolates was seen with spectinomycin (95%) and tulathromycin (67.5%). Two lung isolates (Mb283 and 348) were found resistant to both spectinomycin and tulathromycin. These results show a marked difference in antimicrobial susceptibility of bison isolates as compared with previously reported and laboratory reference cattle isolates, emphasizing the necessity of testing antimicrobial susceptibility of M. bovis bison isolates and to generate better therapeutic regime for improved recovery chances for infected bison herds across North America.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax in dairy cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osires Lustosa Eloi Vieira ◽  
Lucia Oliveira de Macedo ◽  
Marcos Antônio Bezerra Santos ◽  
José Augusto Bastos Afonso Silva ◽  
Carla Lopes de Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Cattle Herds

Abstract Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax is an important cause of economic losses among feedlot cattle. These losses are related to the morbidity, mortality, reproductive issues and decreased production. It is known that the clinical signs observed in infections by this protozoon are similar to other hemoparasitosis, which difficult the diagnosis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to detect and molecularly characterize an outbreak of trypanosomiasis caused by T. (D.) vivax in dairy cattle in the municipality of São Miguel Aleixo, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Blood samples from cattle (n = 15) presenting clinical signs compatible with trypanosomiasis were collected and parasitological and molecular evaluated. Among the samples analyzed, 34% (5/15) were positive from blood smears, 60% (9/15) from the buffy coat method and 80% (12/15) from the molecular method. The DNA sequence obtained (659 bp) showed 99% similarity to T. (D.) vivax sequences that are available in the GenBank database. The presence of this protozoon in cattle herds is a problem for producers. Diagnosing trypanosomiasis is problematic because its evolution is similar to that of other parasitic blood diseases. In addition, this is the first report of infection by T. (D.) vivax in cattle in the state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Importance and Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma bovis in Clinical Respiratory Disease in Feedlot Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Ana García-Galán ◽  
Juan Seva ◽  
Ángel Gómez-Martín ◽  
Joaquín Ortega ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Feedlot Calves ◽  
Fixed Panel

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is an important viral and/or bacterial disease that mainly affects feedlot calves. The involvement of Mycoplasma bovis in BRD can lead to chronic pneumonia poorly responsive to antimicrobial treatment. Caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia is a pulmonary lesion typically associated with M. bovis. In Spain, M. bovis is widely distributed in the feedlots and circulating isolates are resistant to most antimicrobials in vitro. However, the role of this species in clinical respiratory disease of feedlot calves remains unknown. Furthermore, available data are relative to a fixed panel of antimicrobials commonly used to treat BRD, but not to the specific set of antimicrobials that have been used for treating each animal. This study examined 23 feedlot calves raised in southeast Spain (2016–2019) with clinical signs of respiratory disease unresponsive to treatment. The presence of M. bovis was investigated through bacteriology (culture and subsequent PCR), histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The pathogen was found in 86.9% (20/23) of the calves, mainly in the lungs (78.26%; 18/23). Immunohistochemistry revealed M. bovis antigens in 73.9% (17/23) of the calves in which caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia was the most frequent lesion (16/17). Minimum inhibitory concentration assays confirmed the resistance of a selection of 12 isolates to most of the antimicrobials specifically used for treating the animals in vivo. These results stress the importance of M. bovis in the BRD affecting feedlot calves in Spain.

scholarly journals Modelling Bovine Granuloma Formation In Vitro upon Infection with Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hunter Rice ◽  
Margaret M. McDaniel ◽  
Alyson Holland ◽  
Shigetoshi Eda
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Vitro Model

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) causes chronic granulomatous disease in cattle and ruminant livestock, causing substantial economic losses. Current vaccines delay clinical signs but cannot train the immune system to fully eradicate latent Map. During latency, Map uses host defenses, cage-like macrophage clusters called granuloma, as incubators for months or years. We used an in vitro model to investigate the early coordination of macrophages into granuloma upon Map infection over ten days. We found that at multiplicities of infection (MOI; Map:macrophages) of 1:2 and below, the macrophages readily form clusters and evolve pro-inflammatory cytokines in keeping with a cell-mediated immune response. At higher MOIs, viability of host macrophages is negatively impacted. At 1:4 MOI, we quantified viable Map in our model and confirmed that intracellular Map reproduced over the first five days of infection. Host cells expressed Type 1-specific cytokines, and Map-infected macrophages displayed reduced motility compared to Map-exposed, uninfected macrophages, suggesting an important role for uninfected macrophages in the early aggregative response. Reported is the first in vitro JD granuloma model capturing Map and macrophage viability, size distribution of resulting clusters, motility of monocyte-derived macrophages, and cytokine response during clustering, allowing quantitative analysis of multiple parameters of the Map-specific granulomatous response.

scholarly journals Increased incidence rate of undesired early heifer departure in Mycoplasma bovis-antibody positive Danish dairy cattle herds

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bisgaard Petersen ◽  
Annette Kjær Ersbøll ◽  
Kaspar Krogh ◽  
Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Danish Dairy

scholarly journals An In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Test of Meniran Herbs’(Phyllanthus Niruri L.) Ethanol ExtractAgainst Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in Broiler Chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum ◽  
Sri Hidanah ◽  
Retno Sri Wahjuni ◽  
Sri Chusniati ◽  
Arimbi Arimbi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri

Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) is a chicken respiratory disease that attacks both broilers and layers. Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) has important economic significance in the intensification of chicken farms because this disease can cause huge economic losses. Meniran plant (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) is one of the plants that can be used as prevention and alternative treatment as a substitute of antibiotic caused by Mycoplasma galisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. The chemicals contained in meniran include tannins, saponins, alkaloids as antibacterials. The purpose of this study is to determine the activity of meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn) as antibacterial to eradicate Mycoplasma galisepticum. The method of this study is dilution method which included Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC) was taken by making the concentration of meniran extract as much 65%, 62,5%; 60%; 55%; 50%; 45%; 40%. It was then added Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacteria. The result of this study is Meniran’s activation test on Mycoplasma galisepticum obtained a dose of 62,5% could eradicate Mycoplasma galisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. Meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus niruri linn) is effective as antibacterial at concentrations of 30% against Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) in broiler chickens. Keywords: Meniran herbs’ (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn), Mycoplasma Galisepticum, Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD)

scholarly journals Economic impact of paratuberculosis in dairy cattle herds: a review 

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 193-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hasonova ◽  
I. Pavlik
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Genetic Value

Paratuberculosis (PTB) is a disease which causes considerable economic losses to producers of livestock, particularly dairy cows. Nowadays PTB is one of the most prevailing and costly infectious diseases of dairy cattle. The purpose of the present study was to review economic losses, which may be caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) above all in herds of dairy cattle. The most important losses caused by the presence of clinically ill animals have been thoroughly described: loss of milk production and poor body condition followed by death or culling. In contrast, losses arising from a subclinical disease have not been well documented and contradictory results have been published to date. The calculation of losses caused by PTB depends to a certain degree on the production system in a herd, efficiency level, herd management system and other factors. Direct economic losses are above all caused by decreased milk production concurrent to increased incidence of mastitis, changes in milk parameters and increased somatic cell counts, reproductive dysfunctions, poor feed conversion, shortened production age and increased predisposition to other diseases etc. Indirect economic losses are caused by premature culling of animals and their unrealized future income, expenses for non-active production, herd replacement, diagnostic testing, “unnecessary” veterinary care and establishing disease control programmes. Genetic value of animals and their progeny is lost. Last but not least, the reputation of the farm where MAP infected animals are kept is lost for a long-time, which is also important.

scholarly journals A European inter-laboratory trial to evaluate the performance of three serological methods for diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis infection in cattle using latent class analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Andersson ◽  
Anna Aspán ◽  
Henk J. Wisselink ◽  
Bregtje Smid ◽  
Anne Ridley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Laboratory Trial

Abstract Background Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an emerging bovine pathogen, leading to significant economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. Infection can result in a variety of clinical signs, such as arthritis, pneumonia, mastitis and keratoconjunctivitis, none of which are M. bovis-specific. Laboratory diagnosis is therefore important. Serological tests to detect M. bovis antibodies is considered an effective indicator of infection in a herd and often used as a herd test. Combined with clinical judgement, it can also be used to implement control strategies and/or to estimate the disease prevalence within a country. However, due to lack of harmonisation of approaches to testing, and serological tests used by different laboratories, comparisons of prevalence data between countries is often difficult. A network of researchers from six European countries designed and participated in an inter-laboratory trial, with the aim of evaluating the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of two commercially available ELISA tests (ID Screen® ELISA (IDvet) and BIO K302 ELISA (BIO-X Diagnostics)) for diagnosis of M. bovis infection. Each laboratory received a blinded panel of bovine sera and tested independently, according to manufacturer’s instructions. Western blot analyses (WB) performed by one of the participating laboratories was used as a third diagnostic test in the statistical evaluation of Se and Sp values using latent class analysis. Results The Se of WB, the ID Screen® ELISA and the BIO K302 ELISA were determined to be 91.8, 93.5 and 49.1% respectively, and corresponding Sp of the three tests were 99.6, 98.6 and 89.6%, respectively. Conclusions The present study is, to our knowledge, the first to present an inter-laboratory comparison of the BIO K302 ELISA and the ID Screen® ELISA. Based on our results, the ID Screen® ELISA showed high consistency with WB and performed with higher precision and accuracy than the BIO K302 ELISA.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma bovis infections and co-infections with other Mycoplasma spp. with different clinical manifestations in affected cattle herds in eastern region of Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Szacawa ◽  
Krzysztof Niemczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Dudek ◽  
Dariusz Bednarek ◽  
Ruben Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cattle Herds

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the presence ofMycoplasma bovisinfection and co-infections with otherMycoplasmaspp. infections in cattle. The tested population was one in the eastern region of Poland containing 66 dairy cows and 23 calves showing different clinical signs and suffering from pneumonia, mastitis, and arthritis. The incidence ofM. bovisin co-infections with otherMycoplasmaspp. was examined using serological traditional mycoplasma culture methods, and the molecular methods - PCR and polymerase chain reaction/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR/DGGE). The PCR/DGGE method for detectingMycoplasmaspp. in cattle was used for the first time in Poland. The seroprevalence ofM. bovisin the affected cattle herds in the eastern region of Poland was 47.8% in calves and 19.7% in dairy cows. The direct detection and identification ofM. bovisfrom nasopharyngeal swabs by PCR revealed that 56.5% of calves were positive, but all of the dairy cows were negative. The PCR/DGGE identified eight (34.8%) instances ofM. argininiand eight (26.1%) instances ofM. bovirhinisco-infecting withM. bovisin ten calves. The seroprevalence ofM. bovisin the tested population was 33.7%. Any future attempts to control mycoplasma infections require an insight into the current epidemiological situation ofM. bovisinfection and its relationship to other mycoplasmas in causing clinical disease in cattle. Using these diagnostic methods we have demonstrated that mycoplasmal infections are often caused by multiple species ofMycoplasmaand not just the primaryM. bovispathogen.

scholarly journals Immunomodulator, Mycobacterium cell wall fraction, an aid in control of persistent Mycoplasma bovis infection in dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Masic ◽  
Bojana Prunic ◽  
Dejan Bugarski ◽  
Tamas Petrovic ◽  
Tomislav Barna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Cell Wall Fraction ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Cattle Infections

Mycoplasma bovis is pathogen known to cause respiratory disease, otitis media, arthritis and a variety of additional diseases in cattle. Infections caused by this pathogen have significant impact on the health, welfare and productivity of dairy and beef cattle resulting in substantial economic losses. Current preventive and treatment strategies rely on the use of antimicrobials and vaccines; however, their efficacy is limited due to difficult diagnosis and inconsistent disease expression. Here, we report results on the use of Mycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF), an immunomodulator, in dairy cows persistently infected with M. bovis during the period 2011-2015. Application of MCWF aided in reducing M. bovis-associated clinical signs, such as pneumonia, arthritis and mastitis, and improving overall reproductive performance and days in lactation of infected dairy cows. These results were compared to historical information on the health status and farm performance for period 2011-2015, and suggest that MCWF immunomodulator could be introduced as an aid in treatment protocols for persistent infections with M. bovis in dairy cows.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document