scholarly journals Alternate Hosts of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Their Role

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Sajid Mehmood ◽  
Marina Sajid ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Zhensheng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
New Races ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Understanding the interactions between the host and the pathogen is important in developing resistant cultivars and strategies for controlling the disease. Since the discovery of Berberis and Mahonia spp. as alternate hosts of the wheat stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Erikss. (Pst), their possible role in generating new races of Pst through sexual reproduction has become a hot topic. To date, all the investigations about the role of alternate hosts in the occurrence of the wheat stripe rust epidemics revealed that it depends on alternate host species and environmental conditions. In this review, we summarized the current status of alternate hosts of Pst, their interactions with the pathogen, their importance in genetic diversity and disease epidemics. Most importantly, the recent research progress in understanding the role of alternate hosts of Pst is provided.

scholarly journals Race Composition of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Tibet, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Hu ◽  
Jiaojiao Li ◽  
Yating Wang ◽  
Baotong Wang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Populations ◽  
Standard Set ◽  
New Races

In Tibet, China, wheat stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) has recently become one of the most destructive diseases on winter wheat. To identify races of the pathogen in Tibet, 261 isolates were obtained in 2010 and tested on seedlings of a standard set of 19 wheat indicator genotypes. Of the 261 isolates, 248 were identified as members of 19 known races (CYR17, CYR20, CYR21, CYR22, CYR23, CYR29, CYR31, CYR32, CYR33, Lov13-6, Su11-1, Su11-2, Su11-3, Su11-4, Su11-5, Su11-6, Su11-7, Su11-8, and Su11-13), and 13 identified as representatives of 4 new races. CYR32 and CYR33 were the most predominant. The number of races and their frequencies in Tibet were more similar to the fungal populations in Sichuan and Gansu provinces than to those in Yunnan, Qinghai, and Shaanxi provinces. The results suggest that Tibet is also a possible center of inoculum source and genetic variation for the stripe rust pathogen in addition to Sichuan and Gansu.

scholarly journals Protective role of foliar application of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles against wheat stripe rust disease caused by Puccinia striiformis

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Sidra Sabir ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
Farah Naz ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Amjad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resonance Band

Abstract Green-synthesized nanoparticles have a tremendous antimicrobial potential to be used as an alternative to hazardous fungicides. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed by using Moringa oleifera leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were subjected to different characterization techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy confirmed the surface plasmon resonance band in the range of 400–450 nm, and zeta analysis revealed that the synthesized AgNPs ranged 4–30 nm in size. Scanning electron microscopy depicted tiny fused rectangular segments and the crystalline nature of the synthesized AgNPs was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector confirmed the presence of metallic silver ions. Fourier-transform infrared analysis revealed the presence of phenols as main reducing agents in the plant extract. Foliar application of different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100  ppm) of AgNPs was applied on wheat plants inoculated with Puccinia striiformis to assess the disease incidence against stripe rust disease. AgNPs at a conc. of 75 ppm were found to be more effective against wheat stripe rust disease. Furthermore, the application of AgNPs enhanced morpho-physiological attributes and reduced nonenzymatic compounds and antioxidant enzymes in wheat. The present study highlights the potential role of the green-synthesized AgNPs as a biological control of yellow rust disease.

scholarly journals Long-Distance Spore Transport of Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen from Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou in Southwestern China

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiguang Wang ◽  
X. B. Yang ◽  
Zhanhong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Regional Disease ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is the most devastating wheat disease in China. Although pathogens oversummering and overwintering in many regions of southwestern China have been studied, spore exchange among these regions is largely unknown. It is especially important to study the role of Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou provinces in southwestern China in contributing to regional disease outbreaks in the major wheat-growing areas of China. Long-distance transport of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici urediniospores after oversummering and overwintering in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou was investigated using the HYSPLIT-4 model based on meteorological data. Results suggest that the pathogen spores can interchange frequently among Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou in both spring and autumn. The sources of inoculum in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou have a high probability of impacting the epidemics in northern, northwestern, and southwestern China. In particular, disease epidemics in Guizhou can be affected not only by local inoculum but also by that from Yunnan in the spring.

scholarly journals Wheat Stripe Rust Epidemics and Races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the United States in 2000

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianming Chen ◽  
Mary Moore ◽  
Eugene A. Milus ◽  
David L. Long ◽  
Roland F. Line ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
The South ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
South Central ◽  
New Races

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is most destructive in the western United States and has become increasingly important in the south-central states. The disease has been monitored by collaborators through field surveys and in disease nurseries throughout the United States. In the year 2000, stripe rust occurred in more than 20 states throughout the country, which was the most widespread occurrence in recorded history. Although fungicide applications in many states reduced yield losses, the disease caused multimillion dollar losses in the United States, especially in Arkansas and California. One of the prevalent cultivars, RSI 5, had a yield loss of about 50% in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta region of California. In the Pacific Northwest, wheat losses due to stripe rust were minimal because cultivars with durable resistance were widely grown and the weather in May 2000 was not favorable for the disease. To identify races of the pathogen, stripe rust collections from 20 states across the United States were analyzed on 20 wheat differential cultivars, including Clement (Yr9, YrCle), Compair (Yr8, Yr19), and the Yr8 and Yr9 near-isogenic lines. In 2000, 21 previously identified races and 21 new races were identified. Of the 21 new races, 8 were pathotypes with combinations of virulences previously known to exist in the United States, and 13 had virulences to one or more of the lines Yr8, Yr9, Clement, or Compair. This is the first report of virulence to Yr8 and Yr9 in the United States. Most of the new races were also virulent on Express. Races that are virulent on Express have been identified in California since 1998. The races virulent on Yr8, Yr9, and Express were widely distributed in California and states east of the Rocky Mountains in 2000. The epidemic in 2000 demonstrates that increased efforts to breed for stripe rust resistance are needed in California, the south-central states, and some other states in the Great Plains. Diversification of resistance genes and use of durable resistance should prevent large-scale and severe epidemics.

scholarly journals Phenotyping and Genotyping Analyses Reveal the Spread of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Aeciospores From Susceptible Barberry to Wheat in Qinghai of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
ZeDong Zhang ◽  
Xinyao Ma ◽  
Gensheng Zhang ◽  
Qiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Simple Sequence

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Eriks., the cause of wheat yellow or stripe rust on wheat, undergoes sexual reproduction on barberry, but it is unclear if barberry plays any role in stripe rust epidemics under natural conditions. P. striiformis f. sp. tritici was isolated from its alternate host barberry (Berberis spp.) and primary host wheat in the vicinity of barberry by inoculation of aeciospores and urediniospores on Mingxian 169 cultivar in Qinghai province of China in 2018. The P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from barberry and wheat were characterized to virulence patterns by inoculation on 24 differentials bearing Yr gene under control conditions and analyzed using 12 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The occurrence frequency of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici on barberry was 1.87% by inoculation aecia, collected from barberry on Mingxian 169 of wheat. A close virulence relationship was presented between P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from both barberry and wheat based on virulence simple matching coefficient and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). Additionally, the same genetic ancestry, based on structure analysis by STRUCTURE program and genetic relationship analyses using discriminant analysis of principal components and PCoA, was shared between P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from barberry and those from wheat. Together, all the results indicated that the role of barberry in providing aeciospores as an inoculum source causing wheat stripe rust epidemic in Qinghai in spring is of considerable importance.

scholarly journals Bacterial Coated Fertilizer Induced Resistance Against Wheat Stripe Rust

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Hasan Riaz ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan ◽  
Syed Shahid Hussain Shah ◽  
Muhammad Yasir Khurshid ◽  
Muhammad Asif Ali
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Inducing Resistance

Wheat is the second largest consumed cereal by humans after Rice and its high yield and production is very critical for ever increasing global population. The wheat crop is grown all over Pakistan and threatened by several limiting factors. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is the most destructive wheat pathogen and can reduce yield up to 70% in Pakistan. The present study aimed at exploring the role of Zabardast urea, a bacterial coated urea with zinc,  in inducing resistance against wheat stripe rust. The study involved the collection and maintenance of stripe rust inoculum on Morroco cultivar which later used to inoculate seedlings of Akbar-2019 and Galaxy-2019 resistant and susceptible varieties with three different fertilizer levels viz. specialty fertilizer zabardast urea, plain urea with zinc and plain urea. The results demonstrated the positive role of bacterial coated urea with zinc and reduced the disease severity by 10% and 5% in susceptible and resistant cultivars, respectively, leaving resistant variety asymptomatic. The plain urea with zinc also decreased disease severity in susceptible variety Galaxy-2013 by 6% in comparison with plain urea treatment underlying the role of zinc in combating stripe rust. The study underlines the importance of specialty fertilizers in inducing resistance against stripe rust in wheat and needs further experimentation exploring the mechanisms involved in disease resistance under field conditions.   

scholarly journals Potential Infection Risks of the Wheat Stripe Rust and Stem Rust Pathogens on Barberry in Asia and Southeastern Europe

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Parimal Sinha ◽  
Xianming Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Rust Pathogen ◽  
Very High

Barberry (Berberis spp.) is an alternate host for both the stripe rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), and the stem rust pathogen, P. graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), infecting wheat. Infection risk was assessed to determine whether barberry could be infected by either of the pathogens in Asia and Southeastern Europe, known for recurring epidemics on wheat and the presence of barberry habitats. For assessing infection risk, mechanistic infection models were used to calculate infection indices for both pathogens on barberry following a modeling framework. In East Asia, Bhutan, China, and Nepal were found to have low risks of barberry infection by Pst but high risks by Pgt. In Central Asia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, southern Russia, and Uzbekistan were identified to have low to high risks of barberry infection for both Pst and Pgt. In Northwest Asia, risk levels of both pathogens in Turkey and the Republic of Georgia were determined to be high to very high. In Southwest Asia, no or low risk was found. In Southeastern Europe, similar high or very high risks for both pathogens were noted for all countries. The potential risks of barberry infection by Pst and/or Pgt should provide guidelines for monitoring barberry infections and could be valuable for developing rust management programs in these regions. The framework used in this study may be useful to predict rust infection risk in other regions.

scholarly journals The barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Bettgenhaeuser ◽  
Inmaculada Hernández-Pinzón ◽  
Andrew M. Dawson ◽  
Matthew Gardiner ◽  
Phon Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Barley Powdery Mildew ◽  
Barley Stripe Rust

AbstractCrop losses caused by plant pathogens are a primary threat to stable food production. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that causes significant, persistent yield loss. Stripe rust exhibits host species specificity, with lineages that have adapted to infect wheat and barley. While wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust are commonly restricted to their corresponding hosts, the genes underlying this host specificity remain unknown. Here, we show that three resistance genes, Rps6, Rps7, and Rps8, contribute to immunity in barley to wheat stripe rust. Rps7 cosegregates with barley powdery mildew resistance at the Mla locus. Using transgenic complementation of different Mla alleles, we confirm allele-specific recognition of wheat stripe rust by Mla. Our results show that major resistance genes contribute to the host species specificity of wheat stripe rust on barley and that a shared genetic architecture underlies resistance to the adapted pathogen barley powdery mildew and non-adapted pathogen wheat stripe rust.

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