scholarly journals Opportunistic Mapping of Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworm in Dogs in Remote Australian Communities

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Meruyert Beknazarova ◽  
Harriet Whiley ◽  
Rebecca Traub ◽  
Kirstin Ross
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Insight Into

Both Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms are common soil-transmitted helminths in remote Australian communities. In addition to infecting humans, S. stercoralis and some species of hookworms infect canids and therefore present both environmental and zoonotic sources of transmission to humans. Currently, there is limited information available on the prevalence of hookworms and S. stercoralis infections in dogs living in communities across the Northern Territory in Australia. In this study, 274 dog faecal samples and 11 faecal samples of unknown origin were collected from the environment and directly from animals across 27 remote communities in Northern and Central Australia. Samples were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for the presence of S. stercoralis and four hookworm species: Ancylostoma caninum, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Ancylostoma braziliense and Uncinaria stenocephala. The prevalence of S. stercoralis in dogs was found to be 21.9% (60/274). A. caninum was the only hookworm detected in the dog samples, with a prevalence of 31.4% (86/274). This study provides an insight into the prevalence of S. stercoralis and hookworms in dogs and informs future intervention and prevention strategies aimed at controlling these parasites in both dogs and humans. A “One Health” approach is crucial for the prevention of these diseases in Australia.

Establishment of co-infection and hybridization of Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Santos ◽  
M.R.V. Amarante ◽  
A.F.T. Amarante
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Establishment Rate ◽  
Haemonchus Placei

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the simultaneous infections of Haemonchus contortus and Haemonchus placei in sheep, as well as the production of hybrids. A parental group of lambs (n = 6) were mix-infected with 2000 infective larvae (L3) of H. placei and 2000 L3 of H. contortus. Faecal samples were taken from each of these six lambs to produce the first generation of L3 (F1-L3) in individual cultures. These F1-L3 were used to infect 12 lambs; six of them were euthanized at 42 days (Group F1-42) and six at 84 days (Group F1-84) post infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, using species-specific primer pairs, was the gold standard method for identification of Haemonchus adult species and hybrids. The establishment rate of both species was similar in the parental group: 51.7% H. contortus and 48.3% H. placei. Of the 219 adult specimens from groups F1-42 and F1-84 analysed by PCR, eight (3.65%) were hybrids, 111 were H. contortus and 100 were H. placei. The morphological evaluation of the F1-L3 from the parental group showed a predominance of larvae with H. contortus size (51.5%) in comparison with H. placei (42.8%). In the second generation of L3 (F2-L3) produced by the F1-lambs, larvae with H. contortus morphology predominated, with 81.5% in the F1-42 group and 84.0% in the F1-84 group. In conclusion, an artificial mixed infection by H. contortus and H. placei was established in lambs and resulted in the production of a small number of hybrids among their offspring.

Presence ofSalmonellaspp.,Yersinia enterocolitica,Yersinia pseudotuberculosisandEscherichia coliO157:H7 in wild boars

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
pp. 2542-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SANNÖ ◽  
A. ASPÁN ◽  
G. HESTVIK ◽  
M. JACOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
European Wild Boar ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYThe European wild boar populations are growing and spreading to new areas, which might constitute a threat to public health, since wild boar can harbour pathogens with the potential to cause serious illness in humans. Tonsils, ileocaecal lymph nodes and faecal samples were collected from 88 Swedish wild boars and analysed for the presence of the zoonotic pathogensSalmonellaspp.,Yersinia enterocolitica, Y. pseudotuberculosisand enterohaemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (EHEC). A combination of cultivation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used and overall, 20% of sampled individuals tested positive forY. enterocolitica, 20% forY. pseudotuberculosisand 10% forSalmonellaspp. A total of 41% of sampled individuals tested positive for one or more of these three pathogens. No EHEC were detected. Samples PCR-positive forSalmonellaspp. were cultivated further and six isolates were obtained, belonging toSalmonella entericasubspeciesentericaand subspeciesdiarizone. The pathogens were most commonly detected in tonsil samples.

Copro-PCR prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in Kerman, south-eastern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Mirbadie ◽  
H. Kamyabi ◽  
M.A. Mohammadi ◽  
S. Shamsaddini ◽  
M.F. Harandi
Keyword(s):  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The City

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of taeniid parasites and the specific detection of Echinococcus granulosus using copro-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis in the stray dogs of Kerman, south-eastern Iran. From September 2013 to May 2014, faecal samples of stray dogs were collected from different parts of the city of Kerman and its suburbs. Faecal samples from dogs were collected randomly within 24 h of defecation. All samples were transferred to the research lab and coprological examinations were conducted by the formalin–ether concentration method. In the microscopically positive samples, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) specific primers were used to determine the taeniid identity of the infection. In addition, another set of primers was used for the specific diagnosis of E. granulosus sensu lato. In total, 307 faecal samples from stray dogs were examined for the presence of the parasites. Taeniidae eggs were detected in 34 dogs (11.07%). All 34 taeniid-positive specimens were PCR positive for cox1 (444 bp). Of all taeniid-positive specimens, 21 samples (6.8% of all dog specimens) were positive according to primers specific for E. granulosus. The findings of the present study revealed that canine echinococcosis is prevalent in the stray dogs in Kerman. The findings of the present study have important implications for hydatid control programmes in the area.

scholarly journals Detection and analysis of tick-borne infections in communal dogs of northwest Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Kennedy ◽  
Riley E. Thompson ◽  
Anna McRee Bakker ◽  
Canny Fung ◽  
Jessica Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The One

Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) may serve as a reservoir or a sentinel for infectious disease pathogens that can affect human and wildlife health. To understand the role of tick-borne diseases in rural and lesser developed regions, we investigated the prevalence of several tick-borne pathogens in communal dogs of Zimbabwe. Blood samples from 225 dogs in northwest Zimbabwe were assessed by serology for Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi, and 241 samples were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Ehrlichia. There was a high seroprevalence (73%) of E. canis-specific antibodies in domestic dogs in northwest Zimbabwe, but follow up analyses via PCR and genetic sequencing indicated only 7.5% of the canines were actively infected with the organism. Whilst indicating that an organism serologically related to E. canis is likely present in the region, this data also shows that the organism is currently present in a relative minority of the domestic dogs in the region. Its presence as evidenced by both serologic and PCR analysis is significant because of the ‘one health’ paradigm, where humans and wildlife may be affected by the exposure to this pathogen in domestic dogs.

scholarly journals One Health Approach: An Overview of Q Fever in Livestock, Wildlife and Humans in Asturias (Northwestern Spain)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1395
Author(s):  
Alberto Espí ◽  
Ana del Cerro ◽  
Álvaro Oleaga ◽  
Mercedes Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Ceferino M. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Iberian Red Deer ◽  
Northwestern Spain

This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in domestic ruminants, wild ungulates, as well as the current situation of Q fever in humans in a small region in northwestern Spain where a close contact at the wildlife–livestock–human interface exists, and information on C. burnetii infection is scarce. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii was 8.4% in sheep, 18.4% in cattle, and 24.4% in goats. Real-time PCR analysis of environmental samples collected in 25 livestock farms detected Coxiella DNA in dust and/or aerosols collected in 20 of them. Analysis of sera from 327 wild ungulates revealed lower seroprevalence than that found in domestic ruminants, with 8.4% of Iberian red deer, 7.3% chamois, 6.9% fallow deer, 5.5% European wild boar and 3.5% of roe deer harboring antibodies to C. burnetii. Exposure to the pathogen in humans was determined by IFAT analysis of 1312 blood samples collected from patients admitted at healthcare centers with Q fever compatible symptoms, such as fever and/or pneumonia. Results showed that 15.9% of the patients had IFAT titers ≥ 1/128 suggestive of probable acute infection. This study is an example of a One Health approach with medical and veterinary institutions involved in investigating zoonotic diseases.

scholarly journals Trust in science increases conservative support for social distancing

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-697
Author(s):  
Jonah Koetke ◽  
Karina Schumann ◽  
Tenelle Porter
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Scientific Consensus ◽  
Ideological Differences ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Insight Into

The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates adherence to scientifically supported prevention strategies, such as social distancing. Although most Americans support social distancing, a subset of conservatives reject the scientific consensus on this matter. We explored why some conservatives reject social distancing, focusing on how trust in science contributes to ideological differences in social distancing intentions. In two studies, we replicated recent research demonstrating that conservatives report lower support for social distancing compared to liberals. However, in Study 1 we found support for a moderating role of trust in science, such that conservatives reported stronger intentions to socially distance when they had high trust in science. In Study 2, we enhanced trust in messaging about social distancing – and in turn, social distancing intentions among conservatives – by having the messages come from a Republican (vs. unidentified) government official. These studies provide insight into how we can increase adherence to public health recommendations regarding COVID-19.

scholarly journals Exploration of Alternative Splicing Events in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Jeong ◽  
Binna Seol ◽  
Han-Seop Kim ◽  
Jae-Yun Kim ◽  
Yee-Sook Cho
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Insight Into

Although comparative genome-wide transcriptomic analysis has provided insight into the biology of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs), the distinct alternative splicing (AS) signatures of iMSCs remain elusive. Here, we performed Illumina RNA sequencing analysis to characterize AS events in iMSCs compared with tissue-derived MSCs. A total of 4586 differentially expressed genes (|FC| > 2) were identified between iMSCs and umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (UCB-MSCs), including 2169 upregulated and 2417 downregulated genes. Of these, 164 differentially spliced events (BF > 20) in 112 genes were identified between iMSCs and UCB-MSCs. The predominant type of AS found in iMSCs was skipped exons (43.3%), followed by retained introns (19.5%), alternative 3′ (15.2%) and 5′ (12.8%) splice sites, and mutually exclusive exons (9.1%). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially spliced genes (|FC| > 2 and BF > 20) were mainly enriched in functions associated with focal adhesion, extracellular exosomes, extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, and actin binding. Splice isoforms of selected genes including TRPT1, CNN2, and AP1G2, identified in sashimi plots, were further validated by RT-PCR analysis. This study provides valuable insight into the biology of iMSCs and the translation of mechanistic understanding of iMSCs into therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Revisiting an Aspergillus flavus Strain Isolated from an Egyptian Sugarcane Field in 1930

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1633
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Abdallah ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
Sarah De Saeger ◽  
Jos Houbraken
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Type B ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Sugarcane Field ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Sugarcane Crop ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

The aflatoxin type B and G producer Aspergillus novoparasiticus was described in 2012 and was firstly reported from sputum, hospital air (Brazil), and soil (Colombia). Later, several survey studies reported the occurrence of this species in different foods and other agricultural commodities from several countries worldwide. This short communication reports on an old fungal strain (CBS 108.30), isolated from Pseudococcus sacchari (grey sugarcane mealybug) from an Egyptian sugarcane field in (or before) 1930. This strain was initially identified as Aspergillus flavus; however, using the latest taxonomy schemes, the strain is, in fact, A. novoparasiticus. These data and previous reports indicate that A. novoparasiticus is strongly associated with sugarcane, and pre-harvest biocontrol approaches with non-toxigenic A. novoparasiticus strains are likely to be more successful than those using non-toxigenic A. flavus strains. Further studies on the association between A. novoparasiticus and Pseudococcus sacchari might shed light on the distribution (and aflatoxin contamination) of this species in sugarcane. Additionally, the interaction between A. novoparasiticus, Pseudococcus sacchari, and sugarcane crop under different scenarios of climate change will be critical in order to get more insight into the host–pathogen interaction and host resistance and propose appropriate prevention strategies to decrease mycotoxin contamination and crop loss due to A. novoparasiticus attack.

Sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-southern hybridization and conventional PCR analysis for Halal authentication of gelatin capsules

LWT ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 714-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahilah Abd Mutalib ◽  
Nursheila Mustafa Muin ◽  
Aminah Abdullah ◽  
Osman Hassan ◽  
Wan Aida Wan Mustapha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Gelatin Capsules ◽  
Halal Authentication ◽  
Polymerase Chain

scholarly journals Effect of a Berry Polyphenolic Fraction on Biofilm Formation, Adherence Properties and Gene Expression of Streptococcus mutans and Its Biocompatibility with Oral Epithelial Cells

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Mariem Souissi ◽  
Amel Ben Lagha ◽  
Kamel Chaieb ◽  
Daniel Grenier
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Oral Epithelial Cells ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Oral Epithelial ◽  
Wild Blueberry

The ability of Streptococcus mutans to adhere to oral surfaces and form biofilm is a key step in the tooth decay process. The aim of this study was to investigate a berry (wild blueberry, cranberry, and strawberry) polyphenolic fraction, commercialized as Orophenol®, for its antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anti-adhesion properties on S. mutans. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the fraction with human oral epithelial cells was assessed. Phenolic acids, flavonoids (flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols), and procyanidins made up 10.71%, 19.76%, and 5.29% of the berry polyphenolic fraction, respectively, as determined by chromatography and mass spectrometry. The berry polyphenolic preparation dose-dependently inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation while not reducing bacterial growth. At concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 µg/mL, the fraction inhibited the adhesion of S. mutans to both saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and saliva-coated nickel–chrome alloy. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that incubating S. mutans with the berry polyphenolic fraction was associated with a reduced expression of luxS gene, which regulates quorum sensing in S. mutans. The berry fraction did not show any significant cytotoxicity in an oral epithelial cell model. In conclusion, Orophenol®, which is a mixture of polyphenols from wild blueberry, cranberry and strawberry, possesses interesting anti-caries properties while being compatible with oral epithelial cells.

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