scholarly journals Catalase and Ascorbate Peroxidase in Euglenozoan Protists

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Škodová-Sveráková ◽  
Kristína Záhonová ◽  
Barbora Bučková ◽  
Zoltán Füssy ◽  
Vyacheslav Yurchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Heterotrophic Flagellates ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Obligate Parasites ◽  
Membrane Bound

In this work, we studied the biochemical properties and evolutionary histories of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), two central enzymes of reactive oxygen species detoxification, across the highly diverse clade Eugenozoa. This clade encompasses free-living phototrophic and heterotrophic flagellates, as well as obligate parasites of insects, vertebrates, and plants. We present evidence of several independent acquisitions of CAT by horizontal gene transfers and evolutionary novelties associated with the APX presence. We posit that Euglenozoa recruit these detoxifying enzymes for specific molecular tasks, such as photosynthesis in euglenids and membrane-bound peroxidase activity in kinetoplastids and some diplonemids.

scholarly journals Mutant p53R273Hattenuates the expression of phase 2 detoxifying enzymes and promotes the survival of cells with high levels of reactive oxygen species

2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (22) ◽  
pp. 5578-5586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Kalo ◽  
Ira Kogan-Sakin ◽  
Hilla Solomon ◽  
Elad Bar-Nathan ◽  
Moshe Shay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes

Effect of a complex preparation with inducers of resistance to pathogens on the infection of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
A. N. Grits ◽  
E. N. Karasiova ◽  
T. D. Makarova ◽  
K. I. Rybinskaya ◽  
A. L. Olshanikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Ascorbate Peroxidase ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Complex Preparation

The content of reactive oxygen species, the activity of key antioxidant enzymes ‒ ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, the level of expression of the hypersensitive response marker gene (HSR) as well as potato virus X particles content in cv. Uladar seedlings grown on an ion-exchange substrate in the presence of a complex preparation containing chitosan, Bacillus subtilis bacteria-based preparation and salicylic acid, when infected potato virus X. Accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, increase in ascorbate peroxidase activity, a lower level of HSR gene expression and a lower content of virus X particles in potato plants under such conditions are shown. An increase in both the number of potato minitubers and dry matter content in them was also registered when plants were grown on an ion-exchange substrate in the presence of a complex preparation.

scholarly journals PtdIns3P and Rac direct the assembly of the NADPH oxidase on a novel, pre-phagosomal compartment during FcR-mediated phagocytosis in primary mouse neutrophils

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (23) ◽  
pp. 4978-4989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen E. Anderson ◽  
Tamara A. M. Chessa ◽  
Keith Davidson ◽  
Robert B. Henderson ◽  
Simon Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Active Complex ◽  
Primary Mouse ◽  
Membrane Bound

Abstract The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase is an important mechanism by which neutrophils kill pathogens. The oxidase is composed of a membrane-bound cytochrome and 4 soluble proteins (p67phox, p40phox, p47phox, and GTP-Rac). These components form an active complex at the correct time and subcellular location through a series of incompletely understood mutual interactions, regulated, in part, by GTP/GDP exchange on Rac, protein phosphorylation, and binding to lipid messengers. We have used a variety of assays to follow the spatiotemporal assembly of the oxidase in genetically engineered primary mouse neutrophils, during phagocytosis of both serum- and immunoglobulin G-opsonized targets. The oxidase assembles directly on serum-Staphylococcus aureus–containing phagosomes within seconds of phagosome formation; this process is only partially dependent (∼ 30%) on PtdIns3P binding to p40phox, but totally dependent on Rac1/2 binding to p67phox. In contrast, in response to immunoglobulin G-targets, the oxidase first assembles on a tubulovesicular compartment that develops at sites of granule fusion to the base of the emerging phagosome; oxidase assembly and activation is highly dependent on both PtdIns3P-p40phox and Rac2-p67phox interactions and delivery to the phagosome is regulated by Rab27a. These results define a novel pathway for oxidase assembly downstream of FcR-activation.

scholarly journals Chemopreventive compounds from plant derived food and their bioactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ablassé Rouamba ◽  
Moussa Compaore ◽  
Martin Kiendrebeogo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids

Terrestrial plants, especially higher plants, have a long history of use for the treatment of many human diseases such as ailment, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Since then, many studies have been designed to evaluate biochemical properties of whole plant extract, fractions or isolated compounds. Several researches have established the relation between consumption of plant derived products to minimize the oxidative stress and diseases associated with stress. These beneficial biological properties on animal health has been attributed to certain classes of metabolites contents in plants including anthocyanins, flavonols, tannins, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and vitamins. The bioactivity of these compounds is due to their ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) or NOS or to modulate antioxidant enzymes expression. The devastating environmental pollution has burdened with numerous toxic chemicals of which biological compounds such as nucleic acid, proteins and membrane phospholipids were the potential targets leading to mutation, cell injury and death. The endogenous antioxidant systems falls prey in response to these toxic and deleterious oxidants and reactive oxygen species. In these conditions, exogenous chemopreventive compounds extracted from plant derived foods are required to maintain cell hemostasis. This review highlights the source and the chemopreventive mechanisms of genoprotective compounds from plant derived food.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 1-7

Reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant defences in swine follicular fluids

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Basini ◽  
Bussolati Simona ◽  
Sujen Eleonora Santini ◽  
Francesca Grasselli
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Detoxifying Enzymes ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Follicular Fluids

A growing body of evidence indicates that the pro-oxidant/anti-oxidant balance inside the ovarian follicle plays an important role in folliculogenesis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the redox status of follicular fluids collected from different-sized swine follicles. We quantified the most important reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely superoxide anion (O2–), hydrogen peroxide and hydroperoxides (ROOH); in addition, we examined the activity of the detoxifying enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase and the total non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity as determined by the ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power assay. Our data demonstrate that oxidative stress does not affect follicle growth because O2– levels do not change during follicle development, whereas concentrations of H2O2 and ROOH are reduced (P < 0.05). Surprisingly, all non-enzymatic and enzymatic scavengers examined in the present study, except for CAT, demonstrated reduced activity during follicle development (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that other factors could be involved in ROS detoxification during follicle development.

scholarly journals Adipose-specific BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) Deletion Promotes Adipogenesis by Accelerating ROS Production

2020 ◽  
pp. jbc.RA120.014793
Author(s):  
Xiaochang Chen ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Yanting Xu ◽  
Kuilong Huang ◽  
Yulong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Membrane Bound

With the improvement of people's living standards, the number of obese patients has also grown rapidly. It is reported that the level of oxidative stress in obese patients has significantly increased, mainly caused by the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in adipose tissue. Studies have shown that the use of siRNA to interfere with BMP and Activin Membrane-Bound Inhibitor (BAMBI) expression could promote adipocyte differentiation, and under hypoxic conditions, BAMBI could act as a regulator of HIF1α to regulate the polarity damage of epithelial cells. In view of these results, we speculated that BAMBI may regulate adipogenesis by regulating the level of reactive oxygen species. In this study, we generated adipose-specific BAMBI knockout mice (BAMBI AKO) and found that compared with control mice, BAMBI AKO mice showed obesity when fed with high-fat diet, accompanied by insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia and increased inflammation in adipose tissue. Interestingly, adipose-specific deficiency of BAMBI could cause an increase in the expression level of Nox4, thereby promoting ROS production in cytoplasm and mitochondria and the DNA-binding activity of C/EBPβ, and ultimately promoting adipogenesis. Consistently, our findings indicated that BAMBI may be a reactive oxygen regulator to affect adipogenesis, thereby controlling obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Melatonin, cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: A potential therapeutic strategy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Dominguez-Rodriguez ◽  
Pedro Abreu-Gonzalez ◽  
Paul E Marik ◽  
Russel J Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Ros Formation ◽  
Membrane Bound

The mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 infection is the requisite binding of the virus to the membrane-bound form of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and internalization of the complex by the host cell. SARS-CoV-2 induced endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular injury are probably initiated by increases in the phosphorylation levels of JAK2 and STAT3 and resultant reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. These pathological alterations are speculated to be strikingly reversed by melatonin

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