scholarly journals Phosphite Application Alleviates Pythophthora infestans by Modulation of Photosynthetic and Physio-Biochemical Metabolites in Potato Leaves

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi ◽  
Xiaoyun Han ◽  
Zhizhong Zhang ◽  
Yupei Xi ◽  
Mohammadreza Boorboori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Chl A

Potato late blight (Phytophtora infestans) is among the most severely damaging diseases of potato (Solanum tuberusom L.) worldwide, causing serious damages in potato leaves and tubers. In the present study, the effects of potassium phosphite (KPhi) applications on photosynthetic parameters, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant properties, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein and total carbohydrate of potato leaves challenged with P. infestans pathogen were investigated. Potato leaves were sprayed five times with KPhi (0.5%) during the growing season prior to inoculation with P. infestans. The potato leaves were artificially infected by the LC06-44 pathogen isolate. The leaves were sampled at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the infection for evaluations. P. infestans infection reduced chlorophyll (Chl) pigments contents, chlorophyll fluorescence, carotenoid (Car) and anthocyanin contents and increased the accumulation of H2O2 and MDA. Meanwhile, our result showed that KPhi treatment alleviated adverse effect of late blight in potato leaves. KPhi application also increased plant tolerance to the pathogen with improved photosynthetic parameters Chl a, b, total Chl, Car, and anthocyanin compare to controls. Moreover, the increased oxidative enzymes activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APx), and non-enzymatic substances such as phenolics, flavonoids and proline were found in KPhi treated plants, compared to untreated plants after inoculation. In addition, KPhi application followed by P. infestans infection also decreased the content of H2O2 and MDA, but increased the total protein and total carbohydrate contents in potato leaves. The consequence of current research indicated that KPhi played a vital role in pathogen tolerance, protecting the functions of photosynthetic apparatus by improved oxidative levels and physio-biochemical compounds in potato leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of Lead and Copper on Photosynthetic Apparatus in Citrus (Citrus aurantium L.) Plants. The Role of Antioxidants in Oxidative Damage as a Response to Heavy Metal Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Anastasia Giannakoula ◽  
Ioannis Therios ◽  
Christos Chatzissavvidis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Citrus Aurantium

Photosynthetic changes and antioxidant activity to oxidative stress were evaluated in sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) leaves subjected to lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and also Pb + Cu toxicity treatments, in order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in heavy metal tolerance. The simultaneous effect of Pb− and Cu on growth, concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chlorophylls, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolics, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters were examined in leaves of Citrus aurantium L. plants. Exogenous application of Pb and Cu resulted in an increase in leaf H2O2 and lipid peroxidation (MDA). Toxicity symptoms of both Pb and Cu treated plants were stunted growth and decreased pigments concentration. Furthermore, photosynthetic activity of treated plants exhibited a significant decline. The inhibition of growth in Pb and Cu-treated plants was accompanied by oxidative stress, as indicated by the enhanced lipid peroxidation and the high H2O2 concentration. Furthermore, antioxidants in citrus plants after exposure to high Pb and Cu concentrations were significantly increased compared to control and low Pb and Cu treatments. In conclusion, this study indicates that Pb and Cu promote lipid peroxidation, disrupt membrane integrity, reduces growth and photosynthesis and inhibit mineral nutrition. Considering the potential for adverse human health effects associated with high concentrations of Pb and Cu contained in edible parts of citrus plants the study signals that it is important to conduct further research into the accessibility and uptake of the tested heavy metals in the soil and whether they pose risks to humans.

Acute Stress Induced Behavioral Deficits In Rats: Relationship With Oxidative Stress, Leptin And HPA Axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-859
Author(s):  
Erum Shireen Erum Shireen ◽  
Wafa Binte Ali Wafa Binte Ali ◽  
Maria Masroor Maria Masroor ◽  
Saeeda Bano Saeeda Bano ◽  
Samina Iqbal Samina Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Glucose Estimation ◽  
Dark Transition

Acute exposure to stress is connected to many disorders that promote the toxicity of oxygen radical generators leading to increase in the levels of enzymes and also the activation of the HPA axis. The present study uses a preclinical approach to elucidate some prospective stress-induced behavioral and biochemical effects. The aim of current study was to investigate the relationship between stress and behavioral changes after exposing animals to 2h immobilization stress. We also evaluated the concentration of corticosterone, glucose and endogenous leptin levels in unstressed and stressed animals to explore the possible role of HPA axis in the modulation of stressed induced behavioral deficits. Rats were divided into stressed and unstressed groups. Behavioral activities were monitored in open field activity and light dark transition box after the termination of 2h immobilization period. Animals were then decapitated and plasma samples were collected for catalase, SOD, corticosterone, and glucose estimation. Results showed that exposure to acute stress produced a significant decrease in the activity of rats in the novel environment (open field) and light dark transition box. On the other hand, concomitant elevated level of peripheral markers of oxidative stress such as oxidative enzymes, corticosterone and endogenous leptin were also observed. Therefore, current study seems to suggest an important role of compounds having antioxidant properties for the treatment of stress and related disorders.

scholarly journals Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) pre-treated rats and protective effect of Vernonia amygdalina post-treatment on liver function

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Usunomena Usunobun ◽  
Gabriel Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Drug Treatments ◽  
Ethanolic Leaf Extract

Background: Liver disease and toxicity is common, especially with many drug treatments. The effect of Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic leaf extract post-treatment on rats pre-treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was evaluated.Methods: Male wistar rats were orally administered DMN (single dose of 25 mg/kg) on first day and thereafter post-treated with 100 and 200mg/kg ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina for seven days. Analysis of serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, total bilirubin and glucose were carried out.Results: Administration of DMN alone to rats significantly increased glucose and total bilirubin concentration (P < 0.05) in the serum while it significantly reduced (P<0.05) serum total protein and albumin concentrations when compared with controls. However, post-treatment of DMN administered rats with 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract leaf of Vernonia amygdalina significantly (P<0.05) reversed these changes in a concentration dependent manner.Conclusion: In conclusion ethanolic leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina have a potent hypoglycaemic and hepatoprotective action against dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver damage in rats may be due to its antioxidant properties.

Transformation of Rana tigrina during Progressive Metamorphosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Mishra ◽  
K.Venu Achari
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Rna Content ◽  
Rana Tigrina ◽  
Kinetics Of

We determined the kinetics of metamorphosis, apoptosis, and tail regression in Rana tigrina. Acid phosphatase activity (µMole Pi.hr-1.tail-1) in the growing and regressing tail attended six to thirty fold increase respectively. However total activity in the trunk was decreased through progressive growing stages of metamorphosis. Total protein content in the trunk of tadpoles at climax stage (XXI) was decrease (35%) from 2.6mg/ml to 1.7mg/ml. The tail of tadpole tissue has shown a two fold increase in total Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) content from stage III to stage XVIII. But there was again decrease in total RNA content at climax stage (stage XXI). This might be possible due to decreased protein synthetic status. When the experiment was performed in trunk homogenate the amount of total carbohydrate (mg/ml) was slightly increased from 37mg/ml to 38.6mg/ml. this might be due to increase in the activity of α-amylase enzymes in the viscera of developing tadpole when it reached the climax stage.

scholarly journals Hormesis in Plants: The Role of Oxidative Stress, Auxins and Photosynthesis in Corn Treated with Cd or Pb

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugeniusz Małkowski ◽  
Krzysztof Sitko ◽  
Michał Szopiński ◽  
Żaneta Gieroń ◽  
Marta Pogrzeba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hormesis, which describes the stimulatory effect of low doses of toxic substances on growth, is a well-known phenomenon in the plant and animal kingdoms. However, the mechanisms that are involved in this phenomenon are still poorly understood. We performed preliminary studies on corn coleoptile sections, which showed a positive correlation between the stimulation of growth by Cd or Pb and an increase in the auxin and H2O2 content in the coleoptile sections. Subsequently, we grew corn seedlings in hydroponic culture and tested a wide range of Cd or Pb concentrations in order to determine hormetic growth stimulation. In these seedlings the gas exchange and the chlorophyll a fluorescence, as well as the content of chlorophyll, flavonol, auxin and hydrogen peroxide, were measured. We found that during the hormetic stimulation of growth, the response of the photosynthetic apparatus to Cd and Pb differed significantly. While the application of Cd mostly caused a decrease in various photosynthetic parameters, the application of Pb stimulated some of them. Nevertheless, we discovered that the common features of the hormetic stimulation of shoot growth by heavy metals are an increase in the auxin and flavonol content and the maintenance of hydrogen peroxide at the same level as the control plants.

Recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition during dark incubation of the green alga Dunaliella salina

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen E. W. Polle ◽  
Anastasios Melis
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Center ◽  
Dunaliella Salina ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
D1 Protein ◽  
Dark Incubation ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Stressed Cells

The light-independent recovery of the photosynthetic apparatus from photoinhibition was monitored upon a transition of irradiance-stressed Dunaliella salina Teod. to darkness. Upon dark incubation, the chlorophyll (Chl) a /Chl b ratio of the cells decreased promptly with a half-time of 2.5 h from about 12:1 to about 5:1. In contrast, dark incubation of control cells resulted in only a negligible change of the Chl a /Chl b ratio. During dark incubation of irradiance-stressed cells, the level of the Chl a and b light-harvesting proteins of photosystem II (PSII) increased, a change accompanied by alterations in the composition of these light-harvesting proteins. The amount of photodamaged PSII, measured from the relative amount of a 160 kDa protein complex which contains the photodamaged D1 reaction center protein, decreased during dark incubation after an initial lag period. Concomitantly, the amount of functional PSII, measured from the 32 kDa form of D1, increased slightly in the dark. The results show that, in the dark, photodamaged D1 is slowly removed upon degradation from the thylakoid membrane and replaced by a de novo synthesized D1 protein. The amount of reaction center proteins and number of photochemically active PSI centers increased in the dark. These results suggest that thylakoid membranes of irradiance-stressed D. salina exist in a state of dynamic flux. We conclude that several aspects of the D. salina recovery from photoinhibition are light independent.

The photosynthetic apparatus ofConocarpus lancifoliusEngl. (Combretaceae) suffers damage in soil contaminated with heavy metals

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Amina Redha ◽  
Redah Al-Hasan ◽  
Jacquilion Jose ◽  
Divya Saju ◽  
Mohammad Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Slow Adaptation ◽  
Chloroplast Morphology

Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. (Combretaceae), a heat tolerant plant, has potential for use in the phytoremediation of polluted soil. We analyzed the physiological changes in C. lancifolius exposed to single and mixed heavy metals (HMs; cadmium, nickel, and lead). For 30 days under controlled growth conditions, we exposed some groups of plants to a single HM at concentrations of 25 or 50 μmol·L–1and other groups were exposed to 25 μmol·L–1of a mixture of HMs. Photosynthetic parameters such as electron transport rate, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content index, and photosynthetic pigments were measured. Chloroplast morphology was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In plants exposed to 25 μmol·L–1of HMs, the photosynthetic parameters were unaffected, whereas at 50 μmol·L–1of HMs, all parameters significantly decreased up to 20 days of exposure, followed by an increase up to 30 days, indicating a slow adaptation of plants to HM under stress. Compared with the single HMs, mixtures of HMs were more toxic at the same concentration. All parameters indicated damage to the photosynthetic apparatus due to stress from 25 μmol·L–1of the HM mixtures and 50 μmol·L–1of the single HMs. TEM analyses showed a dispersion of grana in the chloroplast of the affected C. lancifolius plants.

scholarly journals SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MARINE SEAWEEDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Rajasekar T. ◽  
Mary Shamya A. ◽  
Jerrine Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: Phytochemical is naturally present in the seaweeds which biologically play a significant role. The intention of this study was designed to screen the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial potential of selected seaweed collected from Rameshwaram and Tuticorin Southern coast of India.Methods: The present study investigated the presence of phytochemical constituents and also total phenol, total carbohydrate and total protein quantity of the brown seaweed. Dictyopteris delicatula, Padina gymnospora, Acanthophora spicifera, Portieria hornemannii and Ulva faciata were extracted with solvents having different polarities like methanol, ethanol, chloroform and water and screened for the phytochemical constituents, total phenol, total carbohydrate, total protein and DPPH with standard procedure. The antibacterial activities of the seaweeds were examined by agar well diffusion method.Results: Among the five seaweeds, U. faciata showed the maximum number of active constituents in the methanol extract likewise P. gymnospora was found to have a number of diligent compounds in ethanol extract. A. spicifera showed minimum compounds in ethanol as well as chloroform extract. Moreover A. spicifera, P. hornemannii have shown the superior quantity of protein and carbohydrate when compared to other species. The scavenging activity of methanol extracts at 5 mg/ml concentration P. hornemannii shows 18.2% and A. spicifera possess 17.1%. In the antibacterial activity, methanol extracts of all the seaweed showed a potential inhibitory activity against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa compared to other pathogens.Conclusion: The crude extract of seaweed manifest preferable antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, hence in the future, it would be good if it is further taken for treatment of human diseases or as new antimicrobial agents to replace synthetic antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Bioactivity Study of the C60-L-Threonine Derivative for Potential Application in Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayane G. Panova ◽  
Evgeny B. Serebryakov ◽  
Konstantin N. Semenov ◽  
Nikolay A. Charykov ◽  
Olga S. Shemchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Study ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Pesticide Load

The present paper reports data on the biological activity of nanocompositions based on a C60-L-threonine (C60-Thr) derivative. These nanocompositions promote the nonspecific resistance of plants to the action of stress factors (ultraviolet radiation, pesticides, and phytopathogens). Additionally, we determined the perspectives of the C60-Thr adduct application in the cultivation of plants due to the decrease of the pesticide load on the environment. The biological study of C60-Thr revealed the plant growth-stimulating ability due to its influence on the photosynthetic apparatus activity and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Physiological Changes of Parachlorella Kessleri TY02 in Lipid Accumulation under Nitrogen Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Jia Feng ◽  
Junping Lv ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Fangru Nan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Lipid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Parachlorella Kessleri

In order to study the effects of nitrogen stress on the lipid synthesis of Parachlorella kessleri TY02 and to understand the changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, total protein and total carbohydrate contents during lipid accumulation, the cells of the strain were cultured in nitrogen-deficient (N−) and nitrogen-rich (N+) media for one week. Changes in cell growth, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, neutral lipid and total lipid content, total protein content and total carbohydrate content were measured and analyzed. The results showed that, under nitrogen stress, the algal strain grew slowly, and chlorophyll and total protein contents decreased, while total carbohydrate and total lipid contents increased. This indicated that, under nitrogen stress, most of the carbon flowed to the synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates. Meanwhile, reducing the nitrogen content was a relatively economical and easy to operate method of promoting lipid accumulation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document