scholarly journals No Experimental Evidence of Co-Feeding Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus between Ornithodoros Soft Ticks

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Rémi Pereira De Oliveira ◽  
Evelyne Hutet ◽  
Maxime Duhayon ◽  
Frédéric Paboeuf ◽  
Marie-Frédérique Le Potier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tick Vector ◽  
Ornithodoros Moubata

Ornithodoros soft ticks are the only known vector and reservoir of the African swine fever virus, a major lethal infectious disease of Suidae. The co-feeding event for virus transmission and maintenance among soft tick populations has been poorly documented. We infected Ornithodoros moubata, a known tick vector in Africa, with an African swine fever virus strain originated in Africa, to test its ability to infect O. moubata through co-feeding on domestic pigs. In our experimental conditions, tick-to-tick virus transmission through co-feeding failed, although pigs became infected through the infectious tick bite.

scholarly journals African swine fever virus-like integrated elements in a soft tick genome – an ancient virus vector arms race?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Forth ◽  
Leonie F. Forth ◽  
Samantha Lycett ◽  
Lesley Bell-Sakyi ◽  
Günther M. Keil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Ornithodoros Moubata ◽  
Evolution Of Viruses

AbstractBackgroundAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is the only known DNA-arbovirus and a most devastating suid pathogen that, originating from a sylvatic cycle in Africa, has spread to eastern Europe and recently reached western Europe and Asia, leading to a socio-economic crisis of global proportion. However, since neither closely related viruses nor integrated viral elements have yet been identified, ASFV evolution remains a mystery.ResultsHere, we show that soft ticks of the Ornithodoros moubata group, the natural arthropod vector of ASFV, harbour African swine fever virus-like integrated (ASFLI)-elements corresponding to up to 10% (over 20 kb) of the ASFV genome. Through orthologous dating and molecular clock analyses, we provide data suggesting that integration occurred over 1.47 million years ago. Furthermore, our data indicate that these elements, showing high sequence identities to modern ASFV, are maintained in the tick genome to protect the tick from infection with specific ASFV-strains through RNA interference.ConclusionWe suggest that this mechanism of protection, shaped through many years of co-evolution, is part of an evolutionary virus-vector “arms race”, a finding that has not only high impact on our understanding of the co-evolution of viruses with their hosts but also provides a glimpse into the evolution of ASFV.

scholarly journals Reviewing the Potential Vectors and Hosts of African Swine Fever Virus Transmission in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Golnar ◽  
Estelle Martin ◽  
Jillian D. Wormington ◽  
Rebekah C. Kading ◽  
Pete D. Teel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fever Virus

scholarly journals Recombination shapes African swine fever virus serotype-specific locus evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariia Nefedeva ◽  
Ilya Titov ◽  
Sodnom Tsybanov ◽  
Alexander Malogolovkin
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Multiple Virus ◽  
Specific Locus ◽  
Protection Potential

AbstractThe recombination is one of the most frequently identified drivers of double-stranded DNA viruses evolution. However, the recombination events in African swine fever virus (ASFV) genomes have been poorly annotated. We hypothesize that the genetic determinants of ASFV variability are potential hot-spots for recombination. Here, we analyzed ASFV serotype-specific locus (C-type lectin (EP153R) and CD2v (EP402R)) in order to allocate the recombination breakpoints in these immunologically important proteins and reveal driving forces of virus evolution. The recombinations were found in both proteins, mostly among ASFV strains from East Africa, where multiple virus transmission cycles are notified. The recombination events were essentially associated with the domain organization of proteins. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the lack of clonal evolution for African strains which conclusively support the significance of recombinations in the serotype-specific locus. In addition, the signature of adaptive evolution of these two genes, pN/pS > 1, was demonstrated. These results have implications for the interpretation of cross-protection potential between evolutionary distant ASFV strains and strongly suggest that C-type lectin and CD2v may experience substantial selective pressure than previously thought.

scholarly journals The CD2v protein enhances African swine fever virus replication in the tick vector, Ornithodoros erraticus

Virology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 393 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Rowlands ◽  
Margarida M. Duarte ◽  
Fernando Boinas ◽  
Geoff Hutchings ◽  
Linda K. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Tick Vector
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