scholarly journals Orthohepevirus C: An Expanding Species of Emerging Hepatitis E Virus Variants

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Dominik Harms ◽  
Xing-Lou Yang ◽  
C.-Thomas Bock
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Genomic Variability ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
The Past ◽  
Interspecies Infection ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that has received an increasing amount of attention from virologists, clinicians, veterinarians, and epidemiologists over the past decade. The host range and animal reservoirs of HEV are rapidly expanding and a plethora of emerging HEV variants have been recently identified, some of which have the potential for interspecies infection. In this review, the detection of genetically diverse HEV variants, classified into and presumably associated with the species Orthohepevirus C, currently comprising HEV genotypes C1 and C2, by either serological or molecular approach is summarized. The distribution, genomic variability, and evolution of Orthohepevirus C are analyzed. Moreover, the potential risk of cross-species infection and zoonotic transmission of Orthohepevirus C are discussed.

scholarly journals Age-specific antibody to hepatitis E virus has remained constant during the past 20 years in Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tanaka ◽  
A. Matsumoto ◽  
N. Takeda ◽  
T.-C. Li ◽  
T. Umemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Comprehensive Molecular Approach for Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 Variants

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Dominik Harms ◽  
C. Patrick Papp ◽  
Sandra Niendorf ◽  
Sonja Jacobsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Pcr Targeting

ABSTRACT Autochthonous hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) infections in industrialized countries are more frequent than previously assumed. HEV-3 is zoonotic and the causal pathogen of chronic hepatitis E. According to the latest classification of the family Hepeviridae , 10 designated HEV-3 subtypes (HEV-3a to HEV-3j) and 7 unassigned HEV-3 subtypes are proposed. In order to identify and characterize the HEV-3 variants in circulation, we developed a molecular approach combining a sensitive HEV-specific real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) targeting the overlapping region of HEV ORF2 and ORF3 (the ORF2/3 region) and two newly designed consensus nested RT-PCRs targeting the HEV ORF1 and ORF2 genes, respectively. Since complete genome sequences are required for new HEV-3 subtype assignment, we implemented a straightforward approach for full-length HEV-3 genome amplification. Twenty-nine human serum samples and six human feces samples from chronic hepatitis E patients were selected for evaluation of the system. Viral loads ranged from 1 × 10 4 to 1.9 × 10 10 copies/ml of serum and from 1.8 × 10 4 to 1 × 10 12 copies/g of feces. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of partial ORF1 and ORF2 sequences showed that HEV strains had considerable genetic diversity and clustered into the HEV-3c (29/35), HEV-3e (2/35), HEV-3f (2/35), and unassigned HEV-3 (2/35) subtypes. Moreover, from these strains, three full-length HEV-3 genome sequences were generated and characterized. DE/15-0030 represents a typical HEV-3c strain (95.7% nucleotide identity to wbGER27), while DE/15-0031 and SW/16-0282 have <89.2% homology to known HEV-3 strains and are phylogenetically divergent, indicating novel HEV-3 subtypes. In summary, our approach will significantly facilitate the detection, quantification, and determination of HEV-3 strains and will thus help to improve molecular diagnostics and our knowledge of HEV diversity and evolution.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus–Associated Meningoencephalitis in a Lung Transplant Recipient Diagnosed by Clinical Metagenomic Sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie A. Murkey ◽  
Kara W. Chew ◽  
Margrit Carlson ◽  
Chelsea L. Shannon ◽  
Deepika Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Genotype 3A

Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection uncommonly causes chronic hepatitis and neurologic disease. We describe a case of genotype 3a HEV meningoencephalitis diagnosed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing, illustrating the power of an unbiased molecular approach to microbial testing and the first reported case of HEV infection presumably acquired through lung transplantation.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus among blood donors on Corsica, France, 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisandru Capai ◽  
Nathanaël Hozé ◽  
Jacques Chiaroni ◽  
Sylvie Gross ◽  
Rachid Djoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Hyperendemic Area ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in European countries. Corsica Island has been previously identified as a hyperendemic area for HEV. Aim Our aim was to characterise the prevalence and titres of IgG antibodies to HEV among blood donors on Corsica and establish a model of the annual force of infection. Methods Between September 2017 and January 2018, 2,705 blood donations were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay. Results The overall seroprevalence was 56.1%. In multivariate analysis, seroprevalence was higher in men than in women (60.0% vs 52.2%; p < 0.01), increased with age and was significantly higher among donors born on Corsica (60.6% vs 53.2%; p < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between the five districts of the island. IgG anti-HEV titres were mostly low (70% of positive donors had titres < 3 IU/mL). In Corsican natives, increasing seroprevalence by age could be explained by models capturing a loss of immunity (annual probability of infection: 4.5%; duration of immunity: 55 years) or by age-specific probabilities of infection (3.8% for children, 1.3% for adults). Conclusion We confirmed the high HEV seroprevalence on Corsica and identified three aspects that should be further explored: (i) the epidemiology in those younger than 18 years, (ii) common sources of contamination, in particular drinking water, that may explain the wide exposure of the population, and (iii) the actual protection afforded by the low IgG titres observed and the potential susceptibility to secondary HEV infection.

Hepatitis E Virus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J. Krain ◽  
Kenrad E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maternal Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mother To Child

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses serious risks to pregnant women and their developing fetuses, including increased risk of pregnancy loss, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and early infant death. Supportive care is currently the standard treatment for pregnant women with HEV infection, but in some cases, ribavirin treatment or early delivery may be indicated. Infants born with acute HEV infection face increased risk of complications and death. Intensive monitoring and support may be required in the neonatal period, particularly for preterm infants. Infants who survive the early neonatal period are likely to recover fully and clear the virus. Immunoassays and molecular methods for diagnosis of HEV have improved markedly over the past decade. New HEV vaccines may provide an opportunity to prevent both maternal illness and mother-to-child transmission (vertical transmission) (MTCT).

scholarly journals Declining hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence in Phnom Penh, Cambodia during 1996–2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nouhin ◽  
Y. Madec ◽  
S. Prak ◽  
M. Ork ◽  
A. Kerleguer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Antibody Prevalence ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Gender

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is endemic in Cambodia. However, little relevant data were available and there is no clue if HEV is an emerging or decreasing pathogen in that setting. The aim of our study was to describe temporal trends of anti-HEV IgG and IgM prevalences during the last two decades (1996–2017) in the context of population growth and urbanisation in Cambodia. A total of 2004 human plasma samples collected between 1996 and 2017 were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM using the commercial Wantai anti-HEV assays. Overall, the prevalences of anti-HEV IgG and IgM were 41.1% and 2.7%, respectively. Analysis by calendar period showed a decreasing trend of anti-HEV IgG prevalence over the last 21 years. After age- and gender-standardisation, the anti-HEV IgG prevalence rates decreased from 61.3% during the 1996–2000 period to 32.3% during the 2016–2017 period, but no trends were observed for anti-HEV IgM rates, which fluctuated around the overall one. In conclusion, our results suggest that HEV is not an emerging pathogen, but rather seems to circulate less in Cambodia, in particular, in Phnom Penh, since the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG has been significantly decreased during the past two decades.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document