scholarly journals Evaluation of Disease Causality of Rare Ixodes ricinus-Borne Infections in Europe

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Azagi ◽  
Dieuwertje Hoornstra ◽  
Kristin Kremer ◽  
Joppe W. R. Hovius ◽  
Hein Sprong
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Rickettsia Monacensis ◽  
Disease Causality

In Europe, Ixodes ricinus ticks transmit pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). In addition, there is evidence for transmission to humans from I. ricinus of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia divergens, Babesia microti, Babesia venatorum, Borrelia miyamotoi, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia helvetica and Rickettsia monacensis. However, whether infection with these potential tick-borne pathogens results in human disease has not been fully demonstrated for all of these tick-borne microorganisms. To evaluate the available evidence for a causative relation between infection and disease, the current study analyses European case reports published from 2008 to 2018, supplemented with information derived from epidemiological and experimental studies. The evidence for human disease causality in Europe found in this review appeared to be strongest for A. phagocytophilum and B. divergens. Nonetheless, some knowledge gaps still exist. Importantly, comprehensive evidence for pathogenicity is lacking for the remaining tick-borne microorganisms. Such evidence could be gathered best through prospective studies, for example, studies enrolling patients with a fever after a tick bite, the development of specific new serological tools, isolation of these microorganisms from ticks and patients and propagation in vitro, and through experimental studies.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Suburban Natural Habitats of Central Maryland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T Milholland ◽  
Lars Eisen ◽  
Robyn M Nadolny ◽  
Andrias Hojgaard ◽  
Erika T Machtinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Tick Vectors

Abstract Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the eastern United States and there is a lack of research on integrated strategies to control tick vectors. Here we present results of a study on tick-borne pathogens detected from tick vectors and rodent reservoirs from an ongoing 5-yr tick suppression study in the Lyme disease-endemic state of Maryland, where human-biting tick species, including Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes), are abundant. During the 2017 tick season, we collected 207 questing ticks and 602 ticks recovered from 327 mice (Peromyscus spp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)), together with blood and ear tissue from the mice, at seven suburban parks in Howard County. Ticks were selectively tested for the presence of the causative agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), babesiosis (Babesia microti), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ‘Panola Mountain’ Ehrlichia) and spotted fever group rickettsiosis (Rickettsia spp.). Peromyscus ear tissue and blood samples were tested for Bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s), A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi. We found 13.6% (15/110) of questing I. scapularis nymphs to be Bo. burgdorferi s.l. positive and 1.8% (2/110) were A. phagocytophilum positive among all sites. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. was found in 71.1% (54/76) of I. scapularis nymphs removed from mice and 58.8% (194/330) of captured mice. Results from study on tick abundance and pathogen infection status in questing ticks, rodent reservoirs, and ticks feeding on Peromyscus spp. will aid efficacy evaluation of the integrated tick management measures being implemented.

scholarly journals Questing Ixodes ricinus ticks (Acari, Ixodidae) as a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Borrelia miyamotoi in an urban area of north-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kubiak ◽  
Janina Dziekońska-Rynko ◽  
Hanna Szymańska ◽  
Dariusz Kubiak ◽  
Małgorzata Dmitryjuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

scholarly journals Bacterial Pathogens and Symbionts Harboured by Ixodes ricinus Ticks Parasitising Red Squirrels in the United Kingdom

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Lisa Luu ◽  
Ana M. Palomar ◽  
Gemma Farrington ◽  
Anna-Katarina Schilling ◽  
Shonnette Premchand-Branker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

Red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are native to most of Eurasia; in much of the United Kingdom, they have been supplanted by the non-native grey squirrel, and are considered an endangered species. Very little is known about the range of tick-borne pathogens to which UK red squirrels are exposed. As part of trap-and-release surveys examining prevalence of Mycobacterium spp. in red squirrel populations on two UK islands, Ixodes ricinus ticks were removed from squirrels and PCR screened for Borrelia spp., intracellular arthropod-borne bacteria and the parasitic wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri. At both sites, the most commonly encountered tick-transmitted bacterium was Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (overall minimum prevalence 12.7%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (overall minimum prevalence 1.6%). Single ticks infected with Spiroplasma were found at both sites, and single ticks infected with Borrelia miyamotoi or an Ehrlichia sp. at one site. Ticks harbouring Wolbachia (overall minimum prevalence 15.2%) were all positive for I. hookeri. Our study shows that UK red squirrels are potentially exposed to a variety of bacterial pathogens via feeding ticks. The effects on the health and survival of this already vulnerable wildlife species are unknown, and further studies are needed to evaluate the threat posed to red squirrels by Borrelia and other tick-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals Relation between bruxism and dental implants

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bueno TORCATO ◽  
Paulo Renato Junqueira ZUIM ◽  
Daniela Atili BRANDINI ◽  
Rosse Mary FALCÓN-ANTENUCCI
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dental Restoration ◽  
Restoration Failure

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to gather information and discuss the predictability of implant-supported prostheses in patients with bruxism by performing a literature review. METHODS: In order to select the studies included in this review, a detailed search was performed in PubMed and Medline databases, using the following key words: bruxism, dental implants, implant supported prosthesis, and dental restoration failure. Items that were included are: case reports, randomized controlled trials, in vitro studies, literature and systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, of the last 20 years that addressed the theme. Articles without abstracts, animal studies, articles in languages other than English and articles from journals unrelated to the dental field were excluded. RESULTS: after analysis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 articles were selected from a total of 54. It is known from the array of scientific articles which have assessed, either through retrospective, prospective or experimental studies, that the biomechanical and biological impact of bruxism on implant-supported prostheses is small, and that the literature has contributed little to exemplify the prosthetic limits of safety for the specialist from a clinical point of view. CONCLUSION: Although there is still no general consensus on this matter, most of the literature review articles do provide clinical guidelines that contribute to implant supported prostheses longevity and stability in patients with bruxism.

scholarly journals Borrelia miyamotoi: egy újabb, humán patogén, kullancs által terjesztett, visszatérő lázat okozó baktérium

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (29) ◽  
pp. 1124-1130
Author(s):  
Sándor Szekeres ◽  
András Lakos ◽  
Gábor Földvári
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract: Borrelia miyamotoi is a recently described relapsing fever spirochete transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. This pathogen is different from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the Lyme borreliosis spirochetes) in its epidemiology, ecology and also genetics. Over 50 patients have been described worldwide with Borrelia miyamotoi disease, and three immunocompromised patients were reported with neurological symptoms. Our knowledge about Borrelia miyamotoi infection in ticks and its distribution in different habitats and also the mechanism of the infection is limited. The most common symptom is fever; thus it can be easily confused with other tick-borne diseases. Due to the intensive research in recent years, Borrelia miyamotoi infection in ticks and hosts has been reported from different regions and also the number of patients is increasing, thus this bacterium is considered as an emerging pathogen. In this literature review we would like to summarize the available knowledge about this spirochete. Orv Hetil. 2017, 158(29): 1124–1130.

scholarly journals Occurrence of tick-borne pathogens in questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from Wester Ross, Northwest Scotland

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Olsthoorn ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Manoj Fonville ◽  
Mara Rocchi ◽  
Jolyon Medlock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Abstract Background Lyme borreliosis and other tick-borne diseases emerge from increased interactions between humans, other animals, and infected ticks. The risk of acquiring a tick-borne infection varies across space and time, so knowledge of the occurrence and prevalence of pathogens in ticks can facilitate disease diagnosis in a specific area and the implementation of mitigation measures and awareness campaigns. Here we identify the occurrence and prevalence of several pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Wester Ross, Northwest Scotland, a region of high tourism and tick exposure, yet data-poor in terms of tick-borne pathogens. Methods Questing I. ricinus nymphs (n = 2828) were collected from 26 sites in 2018 and 2019 and tested for the presence of tick-borne pathogens using PCR-based methods. Prevalence was compared with other regions of Scotland, England, Wales, and the Netherlands. Results Anaplasma phagocytophilum (4.7% prevalence), Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) (2.2%), Babesia from clade X (0.2%), Rickettsia helvetica (0.04%), and Spiroplasma ixodetis (0.4%) were detected, but no Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Borrelia miyamotoi, or Babesia microti. Typing of A. phagocytophilum using a fragment of the GroEL gene identified the presence of both ecotype I and ecotype II. Genospecies identification of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. revealed B. afzelii (53% of infected nymphs), B. garinii (9%), B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (7%), and B. valaisiana (31%). We found similar prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in Wester Ross as in the Netherlands, but higher than in other parts of Great Britain. We found lower B. burgdorferi s.l. prevalence than in England or the Netherlands, and similar to some other Scottish studies. We found higher prevalence of B. valaisiana and lower prevalence of B. garinii than in other Scottish studies. We found S. ixodetis at much lower prevalence than in the Netherlands, and R. helvetica at much lower prevalence than in England and the Netherlands. Conclusions As far as we know, this is the first description of S. ixodetis in Great Britain. The results are relevant for disease surveillance and management for public and veterinary health. The findings can also aid in designing targeted public health campaigns and in raising awareness among outdoor recreationists and professionals. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals The occurrence of three tick-borne pathogens in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from the area of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland)

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-975
Author(s):  
Marek Asman ◽  
Krzysztof Solarz ◽  
Ewa Szilman ◽  
Piotr Szilman ◽  
Bartosz Sikora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
The Common ◽  
The City

The common tick Ixodes ricinus is the main vector of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia microti in Europe. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential risk of exposure to common tick-borne diseases in the recreational areas of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland with particular emphasis on the city of Częstochowa. The DNA from 459 I. ricinus ticks was used to detect B. burgdorferi s. l., A. phagocytophilum and B. microti by PCR and nested PCR methods. Generally, infectious agents were found in 26.3% of all the examined ticks: B. microti was found in 23.3%, and A. phagocytophilum in 2.4% of the ticks. The protozoan was found mainly in females and nymphs, while A. phagocytophilum was detected mainly in adults. The co-existence of B. microti and A. phagocytophilum was found in 2.1% of the examined ticks. The presence of B. burgdorferi s. l. was not revealed in the examined material. The conducted studies demonstrate the high potential risk of exposure of tourists and pilgrims to B. microti, and a low risk of exposure to A. phagocytophilum and B. burgdorferi s.l. in the examined areas of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. Furthermore, the possible co-existence of A. phagocytophilum and B. microti in 3 individual ticks means that infection by multiple infectious agents is possible. The obtained results highlight the need to conduct further research on tick-borne pathogens in this region of Poland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document