scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Genetic Characteristics of Equine Herpesvirus in Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
In-Ohk Ouh ◽  
Sang Kyu Lee ◽  
Jong-Seok Lee ◽  
Oh-Deog Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence Identity ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Respiratory diseases cause significant economic losses (especially in the horse racing industry). The present study describes the detection and genetic characteristics of equine herpesvirus (EHV) from a total of 1497 samples from clinically healthy horses in Korea, including 926 blood samples, 187 lung tissues, and 384 nasal swabs. EHV-2 and EHV-5 were detected in 386 (41.7%; 95% CI: 38.5–44.9) and 201 (21.7%; 95% CI: 19.1–24.4) blood samples, respectively, and in 25 (13.4%; 95% CI: 8.5–18.2) and 35 (18.7%; 95% CI: 13.1–24.3) lung tissues, respectively. EHV-1 and EHV-4 were not detected in either blood or lung tissues. EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 were detected in 46 (12.0%; 95% CI: 8.7–15.2), 21 (5.5%; 95% CI: 3.2–7.7), and 43 (11.2%; 95% CI: 8.0–14.4) nasal swabs, respectively. EHV-4 was not detected in nasal swabs. Co-infection with EHV-2 and EHV-5 was detected in 11.6% (107/926) of the blood samples and 6.4% (12/187) of lung tissues. In nasal swabs, co-infection with EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 was detected in 0.8% (3/384) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the glycoprotein B gene showed that EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 strains demonstrated significant genetic diversity in Korea, with a nucleotide sequence identity among them that ranged from 95.7% to 100% for EHV-1, 96.2–100% for EHV-2, and 93.8–99.3% for EHV-5. These results are the first phylogenetic analyses of EHV-1 in Korea in nasal swabs from a nationwide population of clinically healthy horses. Both EHV-2 and EHV-5 from blood, lung tissues, and nasal swabs were also detected.

scholarly journals First detection and characterisation of porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 02) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
R Moutelikova ◽  
J Prodelalova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Nucleocapsid Gene ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Encephalomyelitis Virus ◽  
Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus

Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is a highly neurovirulent coronavirus that invades the central nervous system in piglets. The incidence of PHEV among pigs in many countries is rising, and the economic losses to the pig industry may be significant. Serological studies suggest that PHEV is spread worldwide. However, no surveillance has been carried out in the Czech Republic. In this study, eight pig farms were screened for the presence of members of the Coronaviridae family with the use of reverse transcription PCR. A collection of 123 faecal samples and 151 nasal swabs from domestic pigs were analysed. In PHEV-positive samples, almost the complete coding sequence of the nucleocapsid gene was amplified and the acquired sequences were compared to those of geographically dispersed PHEV strains; phylogenetic analyses were also performed. PHEV was present in 7.9% of nasal swabs taken from different age categories of pigs. No other swine coronaviruses were detected. The amino acid sequence of the Czech PHEV strains showed 95.8–98.1% similarity to other PHEV reference strains in GenBank. PHEV strains collected from animals on the same farm were identical; however, strains from different farms have only exhibited only 96.7–98.7% amino acid sequence identity. Our study demonstrates the presence of PHEV in pigs in the Czech Republic. The Czech PHEV strains were evolutionarily closest to the Belgium strain VW572.

scholarly journals PRESENCE OF MOLLICUTES AND MYCOPLASMA BOVIS IN NASAL SWABS FROM CALVES AND IN MILK FROM COWS WITH CLINICAL MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Brunna Mayla Vasconcelos Adorno ◽  
Anelise Salina ◽  
Sâmea Fernandes Joaquim ◽  
Felipe De Freitas Guimarães ◽  
Bruna Churocof Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Mycoplasma bovis is part of the bovine respiratory tract microbiota but is considered an opportunistic pathogen of extreme importance in respiratory diseases of calves. It causes to the herd several diseases such as mastitis, polyarthritis, pneumonia and endometritis. This pathogen is highly contagious and animals with mastitis are potential disseminators of infection to the herd since they release from 106 to 108 CFU per mL milk. Similarly, animals with pneumonia eliminate, through respiratory secretions, high microbial loads of the agent. The present study aimed to perform molecular detection of Mycoplasma bovis in 185 milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis, as well as in 50 nasal swab samples from healthy calves with or without signs of pneumonia and born from cows with mastitis, all belonging to four dairy farms in Paraná State, where cases of mastitis had beendiagnosed. DNA extraction from both secretions was carried out according to the thermolysis method. For polymerase chain reaction (PCR), generic primers were employed to amplify the Mollicutes DNA and positive samples were subjected to PCR with primersspecific for M. bovis. Positivity for M. bovis was 3.78% in milk samples, regardless of the farm, and 20% in nasal swabs.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection of Equine Herpesvirus Types 1 and 4 Infection in Healthy Horses in Isfahan Central and Shahrekord Southwest Regions, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Taktaz Hafshejani ◽  
Shahin Nekoei ◽  
Behnam Vazirian ◽  
Abbas Doosti ◽  
Faham Khamesipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study was undertaken to investigate molecularly the occurrence of EHV-1 and EHV-4 infection among equine population in regions, Iran. Blood samples from 53 and 37 randomly selected horses settled in Isfahan and Shahrekord, Iran, respectively, were collected. Detection of EHV-1 and EHV-4 genes in the blood samples was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 53 and 37 samples from Isfahan and Shahrekord, 4 (18.18%) and 3 (8.10%) were positive for PCR of EHV-1, respectively. Nine (16.98%) and 6 (16.21%) were positive for PCR of EHV-4, while 6 (11.32%) and 3 (8.10%) were positive for PCR of both EHV-1 and EHV-4, in Isfahan and Shahrekord, respectively. Of the 7 blood samples positive for EHV-1, 4 (16.66%) and 3 (8.10%) were from horses >3 years old while 2 (18.18%) and 1 (16.66%) were from 2-3 years old horses, in Isfahan and Shahrekord, respectively. Out of the 7 and 3 samples positive for PCR of EHV-1 in Isfahan and Shahrekord, 4 (22.2%) and 1 (7.69%) were Standardbred, while 3 (14.28%) and 2 (13.33%) were Thoroughbreds, respectively. EHV-4 was detected in blood of 4 (22.22%) and 2 (15.83%) Standardbreds and from 4 (19.04%) and 4 (26.66%) Thoroughbred horses in Isfahan and Shahrekord, respectively. This study has shown that horses settled in Isfahan central and Shahrekord southwest regions, Iran, are infected by EHV-1 and EHV-4 and thus serve as potential reservoirs and disseminators of the viruses.

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sunaina Thakur ◽  
Subhash Verma ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

scholarly journals Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019–2020

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Eun-Jee Na ◽  
Young-Sik Kim ◽  
Sook-Young Lee ◽  
Yoon-Ji Kim ◽  
Jun-Soo Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Basic Amino Acid ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Genetic Characteristics

Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified. All AIV hosts were Anseriformes species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Variability of the ORF34, ORF68, and MLST Genes in EHV-1 from South Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Hyung-Woo Kang ◽  
Eun-Yong Lee ◽  
Kyoung-Ki Lee ◽  
Mi-Kyeong Ko ◽  
Ji-Young Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Mlst Analysis ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Group 1

Equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen in horses. It affects horses worldwide and causes substantial economic losses. In this study, for the first time, we characterized EHV-1 isolates from South Korea at the molecular level. We then aimed to determine the genetic divergences of these isolates by comparing them to sequences in databases. In total, 338 horse samples were collected, and 12 EHV-1 were isolated. We performed ORF30, ORF33, ORF68, and ORF34 genetic analysis and carried out multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of 12 isolated EHV-1. All isolated viruses were confirmed as non-neuropathogenic type, showing N752 of ORF30 and highly conserved ORF33 (99.7–100%). Isolates were unclassified using ORF68 analysis because of a 118 bp deletion in nucleotide sequence 701–818. Seven EHV-1 isolates (16Q4, 19R166-1, 19R166-6, 19/10/15-2, 19/10/15-4, 19/10/18-2, 19/10/22-1) belonged to group 1, clade 10, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis. The remaining 5 EHV-1 isolates (15Q25-1, 15D59, 16Q5, 16Q40, 18D99) belonged to group 7, clade 6, based on ORF34 and MLST analysis.

scholarly journals Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Leucocytozoon sabrazesi in chickens in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Runglawan Chawengkirttikul ◽  
Witchuta Junsiri ◽  
Amaya Watthanadirek ◽  
Napassorn Poolsawat ◽  
Sutthida Minsakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
High Entropy

AbstractLeucocytozoon sabrazesi is the intracellular protozoa of leucocytozoonosis, which is transmitted by the insect vectors and affects chickens in most subtropical and tropical regions of the globe, except South America, and causing enormous economic losses due to decreasing meat yield and egg production. In this study, L. sabrazesi gametocytes have been observed in the blood smears, and molecular methods have been used to analyse the occurrence and genetic diversity of L. sabrazesi in blood samples from 313 chickens raised in northern, western and southern parts of Thailand. The nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) assay based on the cytb gene revealed that 80.51% (252/313) chickens were positive of L. sabrazesi. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that L. sabrazesi cytb gene is conserved in Thailand, showed 2 clades and 2 subclades with similarity ranged from 89.5 to 100%. The diversity analysis showed 13 and 18 haplotypes of the sequences from Thailand and from other countries, respectively. The entropy analyses of nucleic acid sequences showed 26 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.24493 to 1.21056, while those of amino acid sequences exhibited 5 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.39267 to 0.97012. The results; therefore, indicate a high molecular occurrence of L. sabrazesi in chicken blood samples with the associated factors that is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Hence, our results could be used to improve the immunodiagnostic methods and to find appropriate preventive control strategies or vaccination programs against leucocytozoonosis in order to mitigate or eliminate the harmful impact of this infection on chicken industry.

scholarly journals Sequence identity in an early chorion multigene family is the result of localized gene conversion.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606
Author(s):  
B L Hibner ◽  
W D Burke ◽  
T H Eickbush
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Gene Conversion ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Identity ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Multigene Families ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Sequence Exchange

Abstract The multigene families that encode the chorion (eggshell) of the silk moth, Bombyx mori, are closely linked on one chromosome. We report here the isolation and characterization of two segments, totaling 102 kb of genomic DNA, containing the genes expressed during the early period of choriogenesis. Most of these early genes can be divided into two multigene families, ErA and ErB, organized into five divergently transcribed ErA/ErB gene pairs. Nucleotide sequence identity in the major coding regions of the ErA genes was 96%, while nucleotide sequence identity for the ErB major coding regions was only 63%. Selection pressure on the encoded proteins cannot explain this difference in the level of sequence conservation between the ErA and ErB gene families, since when only fourfold redundant codon positions are considered, the divergence within the ErA genes is 8%, while the divergence within the ErB genes (corrected for multiple substitutions at the same site) is 110%. The high sequence identity of the ErA major exons can be explained by sequence exchange events similar to gene conversion localized to the major exon of the ErA genes. These gene conversions are correlated with the presence of clustered copies of the nucleotide sequence GGXGGX, encoding paired glycine residues. This sequence has previously been correlated with gradients of gene conversion that extend throughout the coding and noncoding regions of the High-cysteine (Hc) chorion genes of B. mori. We suggest that the difference in the extent of the conversion tracts in these gene families reflects a tendency for these recombination events to become localized over time to the protein encoding regions of the major exons.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of vector borne pathogens in anemic and thrombocytopenic dogs in southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cláudia Baumel Mongruel ◽  
Priscila Ikeda ◽  
Keyla Carstens Marques de Sousa ◽  
Jyan Lucas Benevenute ◽  
Margarete Kimie Falbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Arthropod-borne pathogens are medically important because of their ability to cause diseases in their hosts. The purpose of this study was to detect the occurrence of Ehrlichia spp., piroplasmids and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs with anemia and thrombocytopenia in southern Brazil. EDTA-whole blood was collected from 75 domestic dogs presenting anemia or/and thrombocytopenia from Guarapuava, state of Paraná, Brazil. DNA samples were subjected to conventional PCR assays for Ehrlichia spp. (dsb), piroplasmids (18S rRNA) and Hepatozoon spp. (18S rRNA), followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Among the 75 dogs, one (1.33%) was positive for Hepatozoon sp. and six (8%) were positive for piroplasmids in 18S rRNA cPCR assays. None of the dogs showed positive results in Ehrlichia spp.-cPCR targeting dsb gene. The phylogenetic analyses revealed that three piroplasm sequences were clustered with Rangellia vitalii, while one sequence was grouped with B. vogeli. The only sequence obtained from Hepatozoon spp.-PCR protocol was pooled with H. canis. Therefore, there is urgent need for differential molecular diagnosis of the two piroplasm species cited as etiological agents in clinical cases of canine hemoparasitic diseases, given the higher pathogenic potential of R. vitalii than of B. vogeli.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus from Backyard Poultry Farms and Live Bird Markets in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene N. Ogali ◽  
Lucy W. Wamuyu ◽  
Jacqueline K. Lichoti ◽  
Erick O. Mungube ◽  
Bernard Agwanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Cleavage Site ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Protein Cleavage ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Live Bird Markets ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Live Bird

Newcastle disease (ND) is a serious disease of poultry that causes significant economic losses. Despite rampant ND outbreaks that occur annually in Kenya, the information about the NDV circulating in Kenya is still scarce. We report the first countrywide study of NDV in Kenya. Our study is aimed at evaluating the genetic characteristics of Newcastle disease viruses obtained from backyard poultry in farms and live bird markets in different regions of Kenya. We sequenced and analyzed fusion (F) protein gene, including the cleavage site, of the obtained viruses. We aligned and compared study sequences with representative NDV of different genotypes from GenBank. The fusion protein cleavage site of all the study sequences had the motif 112RRQKRFV118 indicating their velogenic nature. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NDV from various sites in Kenya was highly similar genetically and that it clustered together with NDV of genotype V. The study samples were 96% similar to previous Ugandan and Kenyan viruses grouped in subgenotype Vd This study points to possible circulation of NDV of similar genetic characteristics between backyard poultry farms and live bird markets in Kenya. The study also suggests the possible spread of velogenic NDV between Kenya and Uganda possibly through cross-border live bird trade. Our study provides baseline information on the genetic characteristics of NDV circulating in the Kenyan poultry population. This highlights the need for the ND control programmes to place more stringent measures on cross-border trade of live bird markets and poultry products to prevent the introduction of new strains of NDV that would otherwise be more difficult to control.

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