scholarly journals Characterization of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Diseased Poultry in Northern China between 2014 and 2018

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinxin Li ◽  
Fengli Liu ◽  
Yongyou Cheng ◽  
Jingliang Su
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
First Time ◽  
Meat Type

Salmonella infection not only causes acute and chronic diseases in poultry flocks, but the infected poultry are among the most important reservoirs for a variety of Salmonella serovars frequently transmitted to humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in local poultry farms in China. Samples (n = 4255), including dead-in-shell embryos, culled day-old-hatchings and 1- to 4-week-old diseased birds, were collected for Salmonella culture from broiler chicken, meat-type duck and pigeon farms in northern China between 2014 and 2018. A total of 103 Salmonella were isolated. S. enterica serovar Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium were the most prevalent serovars, representing 53.4% and 34.9% of the isolates, respectively. Serovar diversity was the highest in ducks, with the S. Apeyeme being isolated for the first time from duck tissues. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). MLST showed that all S. Enteritidis isolates shared the same sequence type (ST11), and Typhimurium showed several rare STs in addition to ST19. In comparison, PFGE showed better discrimination for S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates, with nine distinct pulsotypes being observed. The isolates exhibited varying degrees of resistance to 15 tested antimicrobials and identified S. Enteritidis isolates (98.18%) with multiple antimicrobial resistance were a cause for concern. Our data on invasive Salmonella infection in meat-type poultry in local farms can be used to identify sources and factors associated with Salmonella spread in poultry and the associated food chain.

scholarly journals Temporal Trend of ST131 Clone among Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates in the Community: A Taiwan National Surveillance from 2002 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Jiun-Ling Wang ◽  
Wen-Chien Ko ◽  
Chih-Hsin Hung ◽  
Ming-Fang Cheng ◽  
Hui-Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trend ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistant Group ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Group

Sequence type (ST) 131 is a multidrug-resistant pandemic lineage of E. coli responsible for extraintestinal infections. Few surveillance data of ST131 included all antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant isolates or focused on community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI). From a population-based surveillance pool of 2997 outpatient urine E. coli isolates, 542 were selected for detection of ST131 based on ciprofloxacin and/or cefotaxime resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on all ST131 isolates to further determine their relatedness. The estimated overall ST131 prevalence in this community UTI cohort increased from 11.2% (in 2002–2004), 12.2% (in 2006–2008), 13.6% (in 2010–2012), to 17.4% in 2014–2016 (p < 0.01). In the ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant group, ST131 increased from 33.3% in 2002–2004 to 72.1% in 2014–2016 (p < 0.01). In the ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-susceptible group, ST131 was found in 24.3% overall without significant increase in its prevalence over time. PFGE showed emergence of a cluster of ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant ST131 carrying Gr. 1 CTX-M ESBL in 2014–2016, especially 2016. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (≥65 y.o) and ciprofloxacin resistance were independent factors associated with ST131. This longitudinal surveillance showed that ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-susceptible ST131 has been circulating in the community since 2002 but ciprofloxacin-resistant/cefotaxime-resistant ST131 increased rapidly in the later years.

scholarly journals The 1998 Senegal Epidemic of Meningitis Was Due to the Clonal Expansion of A:4:P1.9, Clone III-1, Sequence Type 5 Neisseria meningitidis Strains

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
Pierre Nicolas ◽  
Georges Raphenon ◽  
Martine Guibourdenche ◽  
Laurent Decousset ◽  
Richard Stor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Dna Restriction Fragments ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Between January and April 1998, a meningitis outbreak due to serogroup A meningococcus took place in Senegal. The outbreak began in Gandiaye, 165 km to the east of Dakar, and progressed towards the towns of Gossas, Niakkhar, Guinguineo, Fatik, Foundiougne, Dioffior, Sokone, Kaolack, and Nioro. At the same time, the outbreak reached regions of Kaffrine, Koungheul, and Tambacounda in the east of Senegal. A total of 1,350 cases and 200 deaths were reported. The WHO Collaborating Center in Marseilles received 24 strains for analysis. All were serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis , type 4 and subtype P1.9. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, performed by Institut Pasteur Paris, showed that the strains belonged to clone III-1. DNA restriction fragments generated by endonuclease Bgl II and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 24 indistinguishable fingerprint patterns similar to those of meningococcus strains isolated from African outbreaks since 1988. Three strains were studied by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) with seven loci. The comparison between sequences and existing alleles on the MLST website ( http://mlst.zoo.ox.ac.uk ) allowed us to assign these strains to sequence type 5 (ST5), as their sequences were identical to the consensus at seven loci. All 24 strains were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. Subgroup III is finishing its spread towards west of the meningitis belt of Africa. To our knowledge, this is the first time subgroup III, and more precisely ST5, strains are reported as being responsible for a meningitis outbreak in Senegal.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolated from dead rabbits with respiratory disease in Fujian, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiang Wang ◽  
Lei Sang ◽  
Shikun Sun ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Dongjin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Background: Pasteurella multocida is one of the important pathogens that infect rabbits, causing major economic losses in commercial rabbit farming. In this study, 205 P. multocida isolates recovered from lungs of dead rabbits with respiratory disease were defined by capsular serogroups, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotypes and multi-locus sequence types, screened virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility. Results: The 205 isolates were assigned into 2 capsular types, A and D, and 2 LPS genotypes, L3 and L6. When combining capsular types with LPS genotypes, 4 serotypes were detected. A:L3 (51.22%, 105/205) was the most predominant serotype, followed by A:L6 (24.88%, 51/205), D:L6 (19.02%, 39/205) and D:L3 (4.88%, 10/205). The 205 isolates were grouped into 3 sequence types, ST10, ST11 and ST12. ST12 (56.10%, 115/205) was the most prevalent sequence type, followed by ST10 (24.88%, 51/205) and ST11 (19.02%, 39/205). In the 205 isolates, virulence associated genes ptfA , fur , hgbB , ompA , ompH and oma87 were positive in the PCR screening, whereas the toxA and tbpA genes were negative. Notably, the 156 capsular serogroup A isolates carried the pmHAS gene. All the 205 isolates were susceptible to most of the used antibiotics, except for streptomycin, gentamycin, kanamycin and ceftriaxone, and the resistance rates of which were 27.80%, 15.61%, 9.27% and 2.44%, respectively. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, described the prevalence and characteristics of P. multocida causing respiratory disease in rabbits in Fujian Province, which might be useful for tracking the epidemic strains and development of efficient vaccines and methods to prevent and control the pathogen.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Salmonella Infection in Patients with Gastrointestinal Complaints Seeking Health Care at Regional Hospital in Southern Highland of Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhili Ashery Ngogo ◽  
Agricola Joachim ◽  
Ahmed M Abade ◽  
Susan F Rumisha ◽  
Mucho M Mizinduko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
Southern Highland

Abstract Background Salmonellosis remains an important public health problem globally. The disease is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries experiencing poor hygiene and lack of access to clean and safe water. There was an increase of 1.2% reported cases of Salmonellosis between 2015 and 2016 in Njombe region, Southern Highland of Tanzania. Nevertheless, little is known on the factors contributing to transmission of this disease in the region. This study was conducted to bring up to date the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and factors associated with Salmonella infection in-patient having gastrointestinal complaints. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to February 2018 among patients with gastrointestinal complaints at Njombe Regional Hospital. Stool samples were submitted for culture on Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate Agar, intended for isolation of Salmonella spp. Identification was based on conventional biochemical tests and sero-typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Factors associated with occurrence of Salmonella infection were determined by regression analysis using Epi Info software version 3.5.4. Results The prevalence of Salmonella infection among 297 study participants with gastrointestinal features was 16.5%. All isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, whereas 27.8% and 100% were resistant to co-trimoxazole and ampicillin respectively. The odds of Salmonella infection was fourfold higher among participants with formal employment than others (AOR=3.8, 95% CI, 1.53-9.40). Use of water from wells or river (AOR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.07-4.45), drinking untreated water (AOR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.21-5.48) and often eating at restaurant (AOR 3.4, 95% CI, 1.28-8.93) had increased probability of Salmonella infection. Likewise, having abdominal pain (AOR 8.5, 95% CI 1.81-39.78) and diarrhea (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.12-4.68) were independently associated with Salmonella infection. Conclusion Salmonella infection in Njombe is high, contributed by often eating at restaurant and drinking unsafe water from well and river. In addition, Salmonella spp causing gastroenteritis has developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics. It is high time to emphasize on hygienic practices in order to control and prevent Salmonella infection.

scholarly journals First Characterization of CTX-M-15-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Belonging to Sequence Type (ST) 410, ST224, and ST1284 from Commercial Swine in South America

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 2505-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketrin C. Silva ◽  
Marina Moreno ◽  
Carlos Cabrera ◽  
Beny Spira ◽  
Louise Cerdeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
South America ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Time ◽  
Genetic Context ◽  
New Reservoir

ABSTRACTWe report for the first time the isolation of CTX-M-15-producingEscherichia colistrains belonging to sequence type (ST) 410, ST224, and ST1284 in commercial swine in Brazil. TheblaCTX-M-15gene was located on F-::A9::B1 and C1::A9::B1 IncF-type plasmids, surrounded by a new genetic context comprising the IS26insertion sequence truncated with the ISEcp1element upstream ofblaCTX-M-15. These results reveal that commercial swine have become a new reservoir of CTX-M-15-producing bacteria in South America.

Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Serovars Isolated from Oysters Served Raw in Restaurants

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRYSTAL D. BRILLHART ◽  
LYNN A. JOENS
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Salmonella Serovars

To determine if Salmonella-contaminated oysters are reaching consumer tables, a survey of raw oysters served in eight Tucson restaurants was performed from October 2007 to September 2008. Salmonella spp. were isolated during 7 of the 8 months surveyed and were present in 1.2% of 2,281 oysters tested. This observed prevalence is lower than that seen in a previous study in which U.S. market oysters were purchased from producers at bays where oysters are harvested. To test whether the process of refrigerating oysters in restaurants for several days reduces Salmonella levels, oysters were artificially infected with Salmonella and kept at 4°C for up to 13 days. Direct plate counts of oyster homogenate showed that Salmonella levels within oysters did not decrease during refrigeration. Six different serovars of Salmonella enterica were found in the restaurant oysters, indicating multiple incidences of Salmonella contamination of U.S. oyster stocks. Of the 28 contaminated oysters, 12 (43%) contained a strain of S. enterica serovar Newport that matched by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis a serovar Newport strain seen predominantly in the study of bay oysters performed in 2002. The repeated occurrence of this strain in oyster surveys is concerning, since the strain was resistant to seven antimicrobials tested and thus presents a possible health risk to consumers of raw oysters.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of high-risk humanpapillomavirus genotypes in women with or without cervical lesions at VIA/VILI in Kara, Togo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1715-21
Author(s):  
Essolakina Dolou Dolou ◽  
Akouélé Kuassi-Kpede ◽  
Theodora M Zohoncon ◽  
Ina Marie Traore ◽  
Gnatoulma Katawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Age Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hpv 18

Background: Persistent infection with high-risk (HR) papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes plays a central role in the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancer. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of HR-HPV among women with or without cervical lesions at VIA/VILI in Togo. Methods: Cervical samples were collected from 238 women with or without cervical lesions at VIA / VILI and[c3] DNA [c4]was extracted and analyzed by real-time multiplex PCR. Logistic regression analysis was used to determined risk factors associated with HPV infection. inPietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA / LABIOGENE) in Burkina Faso. Results: The age of the women ranged from 17 to 61 years old, and most were married (73.5%). The prevalence of HRHPV was 35.71% and this was higher in the age range 35-39 years. The six most common genotypes were HPV 31 (18.7%), HPV 52 (13.82%), HPV 68 (13.01%), HPV 66 (9.76%), HPV 58 (8.13%) and HPV 56 (8.13%). Genotypes HPV 18 (4.07%)and HPV 16 (0.81%) were less frequent.[c5] Married or living with a partner was associated with HPV infection ( OR=2,17, IC [1.20-3.91], p<0,009). Conclusion: This study allowed characterizing for the first time in Togo, HR-HPV genotypes. This will help mappingHR-HPV genotypes circulating in West Africa. Keywords: Human papillomavirus; High-risk; Genotyping; Kara; Togo.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Salmonella Infection in Patients with Gastrointestinal Complaints Seeking Health Care at Regional Hospital in Southern Highland of Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadhili Ashery Ngogo ◽  
Agricola Joachim ◽  
Ahmed M Abade ◽  
Susan F Rumisha ◽  
Mucho M Mizinduko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽  
Southern Highland

Abstract Background Salmonellosis remains an important public health problem globally. The disease is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries that experience poor hygiene and lack of access to clean and safe water. There was an increase in reported cases of Salmonellosis in Njombe region, Southern Highland of Tanzania between 2015 and 2016, based on clinical diagnosis. Nevertheless, little is known about the factors contributing to the transmission of this disease in the region. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and factors associated with Salmonella infection among patients who report gastrointestinal complaints. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to February 2018 among patients with gastrointestinal complaints at Kibena Regional Hospital. Stool samples were submitted for isolation of Salmonella spp. Identification was based on conventional biochemical tests and serotyping to differentiate typhoid and non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS). Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the factors independently associated with Salmonella infection. Results The prevalence of Salmonella infection among participants with gastrointestinal complaints was 16.5% (95% CI: 12.7-21.1) of them, 83.7%, 95% CI: 70.9-91.5 were NTS while 16.3%, 95% CI: 8.5-29.0 were Typhoid Salmonella species. All isolates were sensitive to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin, whereas 27.8% and 100% were resistant to co-trimoxazole and ampicillin respectively. The odd of Salmonella infection was fourfold higher among participants with formal employment (AOR 3.8, 95% CI, 1.53-9.40). Use of water from wells/rivers (AOR 2.2, 95% CI, 1.07-4.45), drinking untreated water (AOR 2.6, 95% CI, 1.21-5.48) and often eating at a restaurant (AOR 3.4, 95% CI, 1.28-8.93) had increased odds of Salmonella infection. Likewise, having abdominal pain (AOR 8.5, 95% CI, 1.81-39.78) and diarrhea (AOR 2.3, 95% CI, 1.12-4.68) were independent symptoms that predict Salmonella infection. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of Salmonella infection among people who report gastrointestinal complaints and it is clinically predicated by diarhoea and abdominal pain. Employed participants and those eating at restaurant and drinking unsafe water had higher risk of infection. Salmonella spp causing gastroenteritis has developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Clostridium tetani Strains by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Colony PCR

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5604-5606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Plourde-Owobi ◽  
Delphine Seguin ◽  
Marie-Anne Baudin ◽  
Catherine Moste ◽  
Bachra Rokbi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clostridium Tetani ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Colony Pcr ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR were applied for the first time to the molecular characterization of Clostridium tetani. Among five strains tested, one (CN1339) turned out to contain a mixture of two genetically different clones and two (D11 and G761) to contain bacteria differing by the presence or absence of the 74-kb plasmid harboring the tetX gene.

scholarly journals Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in Broiler Chicken Supply Chain and Patients, China, 2010–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiying Xiong ◽  
Shaojun Wang ◽  
Yumei Huang ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Haiyan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Genomic Island ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance

Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky (S. Kentucky) sequence type 198 has emerged as a global zoonotic pathogen. We explored Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 samples from the broiler chicken supply chain and patients between 2010 and 2016. Here, we collected 180 S. Kentucky isolates from clinical cases and the poultry supply chain. We performed XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. We assessed mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions and screened for the presence of the Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1). We determined that 63 (35.0%) of the 180 isolates were S. Kentucky ST198. Chinese strains of S. Kentucky ST198 have a high transmission of ciprofloxacin resistance (38/63, 60.3%) and a high risk of multidrug resistance. The quinolone resistance of the S. Kentucky ST198 strain found in China may be due to mutations in its quinolone resistance-determining region. Our study firstly revealed that ciprofloxacin-resistant S. Kentucky ST198 strains can undergo cross-host transmission, thereby causing a serious foodborne public health problem in China.

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