scholarly journals Antifungal and Antivirulence Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extract and Fractions of Platonia insignis Leaves against Vaginal Isolates of Candida Species

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Anderson França da Silva ◽  
Cláudia Quintino da Rocha ◽  
Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Alexsander Rodrigues Carvalho Júnior ◽  
Iven Neylla Farias Vale Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Derivatives Of

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common fungal infection in women. In this study, Platonia insignis hydroalcoholic extract (PiHE) and its fractions were evaluated for antifungal and antivirulence activities against vaginal Candida species. Dichloromethane (DCMF) and ethyl acetate fractions (EAF) obtained from PiHE effectively inhibited the pathogen. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used for identifying the main compounds in extracts. Minimal inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations (MIC and MFC, respectively) were determined by a broth microdilution assay. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of the extract and fractions on the virulence properties of Candida albicans, and their cytotoxicity effect was determined on RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds found in extracts were flavonoid glycosides, mainly derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. Extracts showed antifungal potential, with the lowest MIC value for EAF (1.3 mg/mL) and inhibited Candida adherence and biofilm formation. EAF disrupted 48 h biofilms with an inhibition rate of more than 90%. The extract and its fractions exhibited no cytotoxicity. The antifungal effects were attributed to the ability of these extracts to alter the mitochondrial membrane potential for the release of pro-apoptotic factors in the cytosol. In conclusion, our data suggest that PiHE and EAF could act as novel candidates for the development of new therapeutic treatments against fungal infections.

scholarly journals Symbiotic NCR Peptide Fragments Affect the Viability, Morphology and Biofilm Formation of Candida Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3666
Author(s):  
Bettina Szerencsés ◽  
Attila Gácser ◽  
Gabriella Endre ◽  
Ildikó Domonkos ◽  
Hilda Tiricz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Anticandidal Activity

The increasing rate of fungal infections causes global problems not only in human healthcare but agriculture as well. To combat fungal pathogens limited numbers of antifungal agents are available therefore alternative drugs are needed. Antimicrobial peptides are potent candidates because of their broad activity spectrum and their diverse mode of actions. The model legume Medicago truncatula produces >700 nodule specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides in symbiosis and many of them have in vitro antimicrobial activities without considerable toxicity on human cells. In this work we demonstrate the anticandidal activity of the NCR335 and NCR169 peptide derivatives against five Candida species by using the micro-dilution method, measuring inhibition of biofilm formation with the XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide) assay, and assessing the morphological change of dimorphic Candida species by microscopy. We show that both the N- and C-terminal regions of NCR335 possess anticandidal activity as well as the C-terminal sequence of NCR169. The active peptides inhibit biofilm formation and the yeast-hypha transformation. Combined treatment of C. auris with peptides and fluconazole revealed synergistic interactions and reduced 2-8-fold the minimal inhibitory concentrations. Our results demonstrate that shortening NCR peptides can even enhance and broaden their anticandidal activity and therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals The Effect of Zuccagnia punctata, an Argentine Medicinal Plant, on Virulence Factors from Candida Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuño Gabriela ◽  
Alberto María Rosa ◽  
Zampini Iris Catiana ◽  
Cuello Soledad ◽  
Ordoñez Roxana Mabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Invasive Potential ◽  
Invasion Mechanisms ◽  
Candida Biofilm

Zuccagnia punctata Cav. has been used as a traditional medicine in Argentina for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. In this study, we evaluated the ability of Z. punctata extract (ZpE) and compounds isolated from it to inhibit the growth and virulence factors of Candida species. ZpE showed inhibitory activity against planktonic cells of all assayed Candida species with MIC values of 400 μg/mL and with MFC values between 400 and 1,200 μg/mL. The principal identified compounds by HPLC-MS/MS and UV-VIS were chalcones (2′,4′-dihydroxy-3′-methoxychalcone, 2′,4′- dihydroxychalcone), flavones (galangin, 3,7-dihydroxyflavone and chrysin) and flavanones (naringenin, 7-hydroxyflavanone and pinocembrine). These compounds were more effective as inhibitors than the extracts upon biofilm formation as well as on preformed Candida biofilm and yeast germ tube formation. Furthermore, ZpE and chalcones are able to inhibit exoenzymes, which are responsible for the invasion mechanisms of the pathogens. All these effects could moderate colonization, thereby suppressing the pathogen invasive potential. Our results indicate that ZpE and chalcones could be used in antifungal therapy.

scholarly journals Novel Colloidal Nanocarrier of Cetylpyridinium Chloride: Antifungal Activities on Candida Species and Cytotoxic Potential on Murine Fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Heitor Ceolin Araujo ◽  
Laís Salomão Arias ◽  
Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão ◽  
Lanay Caroline de Freitas Assumpção ◽  
Marcela Grigoletto Morceli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Murine Fibroblasts ◽  
Antifungal Effects ◽  
Mtt Reduction

Nanocarriers have been used as alternative tools to overcome the resistance of Candida species to conventional treatments. This study prepared a nanocarrier of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) conjugated with chitosan (CS), and assessed its antifungal and cytotoxic effects. CPC was immobilized on CS-coated IONPs, and the nanocarrier was physico-chemically characterized. Antifungal effects were determined on planktonic cells of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays) and on single- and dual-species biofilms of these strains (by quantification of cultivable cells, total biomass and metabolic activity). Murine fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of the nanocarrier, and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT reduction assay. Characterization methods confirmed the presence of a nanocarrier smaller than 313 nm. IONPs-CS-CPC and free CPC showed the same MIC values (0.78 µg mL−1). CPC-containing nanocarrier at 78 µg mL−1 significantly reduced the number of cultivable cells for all biofilms, surpassing the effect promoted by free CPC. For total biomass, metabolic activity, and cytotoxic effects, the nanocarrier and free CPC produced statistically similar outcomes. In conclusion, the IONPs-CS-CPC nanocarrier was more effective than CPC in reducing the cultivable cells of Candida biofilms without increasing the cytotoxic effects of CPC, and may be a useful tool for the treatment of oral fungal infections.

scholarly journals Oral Candida colonization in HIV-infected patients in Londrina-PR, Brazil: antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1350-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Balero De Paula ◽  
Alexandre Tadachi Morey ◽  
Jussevania Pereira Santos ◽  
Pollyanna M. C. Dos Santos ◽  
Danielle G. Gameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Candida Colonization ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Oral Candida

Introduction: Host colonization by Candida species is an important predisposing factor to candidiasis, which seems to be more frequent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Knowledge about the distribution, antifungal susceptibility, and virulence of oral Candida isolates is important for effective management of candidiasis. Methodology: Oral rinses were collected from 242 HIV-infected patients without clinical evidence of candidiasis seen at the AIDS referral center in Londrina, Brazil. Species were identified by standard phenotypic and molecular methods, and characterized in vitro according to antifungal susceptibility, cell surface hydrophobicity, biofilm formation, and enzyme activities. Results: Oral Candida colonization was detected in 50.4% of patients and combined use of antiretroviral therapy and protease inhibitor had a protective effect against colonization. Candida albicans (75.2%) was the most prevalent species. A high proportion of Candida spp. (39.9%) showed decreased susceptibility to fluconazole. Five isolates were resistant to nystatin. Protease and phospholipase activities were detected in 100% and 36.8% of isolates, respectively. Most isolates displayed a hydrophobic property that was associated with biofilm formation ability. Conclusions: A significant number of oral Candida species exhibiting decreased susceptibility to fluconazole were isolated from colonized HIV-infected individuals. Furthermore, all isolates expressed potential virulence attributes in vitro. Given the high incidence and severity of fungal infections in HIV-infected individuals, the results of this study reinforce the importance of antifungal susceptibility testing, which contributes to therapeutic strategies and highlights the need for continuous surveillance of Candida colonization in this population.

Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-(substitutedphenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine: Part II

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjan Kaushik ◽  
Nitin Kumar ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Vikas Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Mass Spectral Data ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Spectral Data Analysis

Background: Fungal infections are opportunistic infections that become a serious problem to human health. Objective: Considering the antifungal potential of triazole nucleus, the study was carried out with the objective to synthesize some novel triazole derivatives with antifungal potential. Method: 1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesized via a two step reaction (reported earlier). The first step involves reaction of substituted benzoic acid with thiocarbohydrazide to form 4-amino-3-(substituted phenyl)-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole derivatives (1a-1k) while in second step, synthesized compounds (1a-1k) were then subsequently treated with substituted acetophenone to yield substituted (4-methoxyphenyl-7H-[1, 2, 4] triazolo [3, 4-b][1,3,4] thiadiazine derivatives (2a-2k). All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectral data analysis and were screened for their antifungal properties against different fungal strains i.e. Candida tropicalis (ATCC-13803, ATCC-20913), Candida albicans (ATCC-60193), Candida inconspicua (ATCC-16783) and Candida glabrata (ATCC-90030, ATCC-2001). Results: Compound 2d displayed better percentage inhibition (26.29%, 24.81%) than fluconazole (24.44%, 22.96%) against ATCC-16783, ATCC-2001 fungal strains respectively at 100µg/ml. Compound 2f also displayed better percentage inhibition (28.51%) against ATCC-90030 as compared to fluconazone (27.4%) at 200 µg/ml. Similarly, compounds 2e and 2j also exhibited better antifungal properties than fluconazole at 200µg/ml. Compound 2e was found most potent against ATCC13803 (30.37%) and ATCC-90030 (30.37%) fungal strains as compared to fluconazole (28.14%, 27.4%) at 200 µg/ml respectively whereas compound 2j exhibited better antifungal activity (28.51%) against ATCC-60193 than fluconazole (27.7%) at 200 µg/ml. Conclusion: The results were in accordance with our assertions for triazole derivatives, as all compounds displayed moderate to good antifungal activity.

scholarly journals Herbal Products and Their Active Constituents Used Alone and in Combination with Antifungal Drugs against Drug-Resistant Candida sp.

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Anna Herman ◽  
Andrzej Przemysław Herman
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Membrane Transporters ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Current State

Clinical isolates of Candida yeast are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infections resistant to certain antifungal drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to detect more effective antifungal agents that would be successful in overcoming such infections. Among them are some herbal products and their active constituents.The purpose of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge onherbal products and their active constituents havingantifungal activity against drug-resistant Candida sp. used alone and in combination with antifungal drugs.The possible mechanisms of their action on drug-resistant Candida sp. including (1) inhibition of budding yeast transformation into hyphae; (2) inhibition of biofilm formation; (3) inhibition of cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane biosynthesis; (4) ROS production; and (5) over-expression of membrane transporters will be also described.

scholarly journals Review of T-2307, an Investigational Agent That Causes Collapse of Fungal Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Wiederhold
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Candida Auris

Invasive infections caused by Candida that are resistant to clinically available antifungals are of increasing concern. Increasing rates of fluconazole resistance in non-albicans Candida species have been documented in multiple countries on several continents. This situation has been further exacerbated over the last several years by Candida auris, as isolates of this emerging pathogen that are often resistant to multiple antifungals. T-2307 is an aromatic diamidine currently in development for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. This agent has been shown to selectively cause the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential in yeasts when compared to mammalian cells. In vitro activity has been demonstrated against Candida species, including C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. auris strains, which are resistant to azole and echinocandin antifungals. Activity has also been reported against Cryptococcus species, and this has translated into in vivo efficacy in experimental models of invasive candidiasis and cryptococcosis. However, little is known regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of this agent, as published data from studies involving humans are not currently available.

scholarly journals Eap1p, an Adhesin That Mediates Candida albicans Biofilm Formation In Vitro and In Vivo

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
Michael J. Svarovsky ◽  
Amy J. Karlsson ◽  
Joel P. Wagner ◽  
Karen Marchillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Flow Chamber ◽  
Dependent Manner

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is the leading cause of systemic fungal infections in immunocompromised humans. The ability to form biofilms on surfaces in the host or on implanted medical devices enhances C. albicans virulence, leading to antimicrobial resistance and providing a reservoir for infection. Biofilm formation is a complex multicellular process consisting of cell adhesion, cell growth, morphogenic switching between yeast form and filamentous states, and quorum sensing. Here we describe the role of the C. albicans EAP1 gene, which encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, glucan-cross-linked cell wall protein, in adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. Deleting EAP1 reduced cell adhesion to polystyrene and epithelial cells in a gene dosage-dependent manner. Furthermore, EAP1 expression was required for C. albicans biofilm formation in an in vitro parallel plate flow chamber model and in an in vivo rat central venous catheter model. EAP1 expression was upregulated in biofilm-associated cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results illustrate an association between Eap1p-mediated adhesion and biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Candidaemia, Invasive Aspergillosis and Antifungal Consumption in a Tertiary Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Juan Vicente Mulet Bayona ◽  
Nuria Tormo Palop ◽  
Carme Salvador García ◽  
Begoña Fuster Escrivá ◽  
Mercedes Chanzá Aviñó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
The Third ◽  
Antifungal Consumption ◽  
Hospital General

In addition to the increase in fungal infections that has been observed in the last few decades, it has been reported that severe clinical COVID-19 can increase the risk of invasive fungal infections. The main objective of this study was to evaluate if there had been an increase in candidaemia and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) cases since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data were retrospectively collected from April 2019 to March 2021, from patients admitted to Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia (Spain). A total of 152 candidaemia cases (56 of which were due to Candida auris) and 108 possible IPA cases were detected. A great increase in candidaemia cases was produced during the first and the third epidemic waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (June 2020, and January 2021, respectively), while an increase in IPA cases was produced during the third wave. The 28-day mortality rates in patients affected by candidaemia and IPA increased in 2020 and 2021. C. auris has displaced the other Candida species, becoming the most isolated Candida species in blood cultures since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Antifungal consumption increased in 2020 when compared to 2019, especially echinocandins, voriconazole and isavuconazole.

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