scholarly journals New Species of the Genus Curvularia: C. tamilnaduensis and C. coimbatorensis from Fungal Keratitis Cases in South India

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Noémi Kiss ◽  
Mónika Homa ◽  
Palanisamy Manikandan ◽  
Arumugam Mythili ◽  
Krisztina Krizsán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Curvularia Species

Members of the genus Curvularia are melanin-producing dematiaceous fungi of increasing clinical importance as causal agents of both local and invasive infections. This study contributes to the taxonomical and clinical knowledge of this genus by describing two new Curvularia species based on isolates from corneal scrapings of South Indian fungal keratitis patients. The phylogeny of the genus was updated based on three phylogenetic markers: the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster as well as fragments of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpdh) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1α) genes. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree constructed from the alignment of the three concatenated loci revealed that the examined isolates are representing two new, yet undescribed, Curvularia species. Examination of colony and microscopic morphology revealed differences between the two species as well as between the new species and their close relatives. The new species were formally described as Curvularia tamilnaduensis N. Kiss & S. Kocsubé sp. nov. and Curvularia coimbatorensis N. Kiss & S. Kocsubé sp. nov. Antifungal susceptibility testing by the broth microdilution method of CLSI (Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute) revealed that the type strain of C. coimbatorensis is less susceptible to a series of antifungals than the C. tamilnaduensis strains.

scholarly journals Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Opportunistic Fungi in the Genera Verruconis and Ochroconis

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 3285-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seyedmousavi ◽  
K. Samerpitak ◽  
A. J. M. M. Rijs ◽  
W. J. G. Melchers ◽  
J. W. Mouton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Phylogenetic Distance ◽  
Dematiaceous Fungi ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACTSpecies ofVerruconisand species ofOchroconisare dematiaceous fungi generally found in the environment but having the ability to infect humans, dogs, cats, poultry, and fish. This study presents the antifungal susceptibility patterns of these fungi at the species level. Forty strains originating from clinical and environmental sources were phylogenetically identified at the species level by using sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS).In vitroantifungal susceptibility testing was performed against eight antifungals, using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. The geometric mean MICs for amphotericin B (AMB), flucytosine (5FC), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), and posaconazole (POS) and minimum effective concentrations (MECs) for caspofungin (CAS) and anidulafungin (AFG) across theOchroconisandVerruconisspecies were as follows, in increasing order. ForVerruconisspecies, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.04; POS, 0.25; ITC, 0.37; AMB, 0.50; CAS, 0.65; VRC, 0.96; 5FC, 10.45; and FLC, 47.25. ForOchroconisspecies, the values (μg/ml) were as follows: AFG, 0.06; POS, 0.11; CAS, 0.67; VRC, 2.76; ITC, 3.94; AMB, 5.68; 5FC, 34.48; and FLC, 61.33. Antifungal susceptibility ofOchroconisandVerruconiswas linked with phylogenetic distance and thermotolerance. Echinocandins and POS showed the greatestin vitroactivity, providing possible treatment options forOchroconisandVerruconisinfections.

Baorangia duplicatopora (Boletaceae, Boletales), a new bolete from tropical China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 508 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
XU ZHANG ◽  
ZHI-QUN LIANG ◽  
SHUAI JIANG ◽  
CHANG XU ◽  
XIN-HUA FU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Tropical China

Baorangia duplicatopora is described as a new species from Hainan Province, a tropical region of China. It is morphologically characterized by large to very large basidiomata with a dull rose red, rose pink to purplish red pileus, compound pores, pileus context near hymenophore and stipe context staining blue when injured, a red stipe, and cheilocystidia wider than those of other Baorangia species. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene, the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1) also confirmed that B. duplicatopora forms an independent lineage within Baorangia. Detailed descriptions, color photographs of fresh basidiomata, and line drawings of microscopic features of the new species are presented. A key to species of Baorangia in the world is also provided.

Melanoleuca juliannae (Basidiomycota, Tricholomataceae), a new species from subgen. Urticocystis

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 013 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMÍR ANTONÍN ◽  
IMRE RIMÓCZI ◽  
LAJOS BENEDEK ◽  
VIKTOR PAPP ◽  
János Gergő Szarkándi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Melanoleuca juliannae is described from Hungary. Its most outstanding character is the presence of a violaceous-blue colour in the stipe base. Sequence comparisons with other Melanoleuca species revealed highly similar but decolourate members of the species, lacking the remarkable colour of the stipe. These specimens are described as Melanoleuca juliannae var. decolorans based on three collections from the Czech Republic and Italy. Detailed macro- and microscopic descriptions of the new species are given. The position of M. juliannae within subgen. Urticocystis was confirmed by DNA sequence data of the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1). Although intra-individual heterogeneity in ITS region was revealed in some specimens of the type variety, the tef1 sequences lack a similar heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Microscopic Evaluation, Molecular Identification, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Clinical Outcomes inFusarium,Aspergillusand, Dematiaceous Keratitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devarshi U. Gajjar ◽  
Anuradha K. Pal ◽  
Bharat K. Ghodadra ◽  
Abhay R. Vasavada
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

Purpose.Fusarium,Aspergillus, and Dematiaceous are the most common fungal species causing keratitis in tropical countries. Herein we report a prospective study on fungal keratitis caused by these three fungal species.Methodology. A prospective investigation was undertaken to evaluate eyes with presumed fungal keratitis. All the fungal isolates (n=73) obtained from keratitis infections were identified using morphological and microscopic characters. Molecular identification using sequencing of the ITS region and antifungal susceptibility tests using microdilution method were done. The final clinical outcome was evaluated in terms of the time taken for resolution of keratitis and the final visual outcome. The results were analyzed after segregating the cases into three groups, namely,Fusarium,Aspergillus, and Dematiaceous keratitis.Results. Diagnosis of fungal keratitis was established in 73 (35.9%) cases out of 208 cases. The spectra of fungi isolated wereFusariumspp. (26.6%),Aspergillusspp. (21.6%), and Dematiaceous fungi (11.6%). The sequence of the ITS region could identify theFusariumandAspergillusspecies at the species complex level, and the Dematiaceous isolates were accurately identified. Using antifungal agents such as fluconazole, natamycin, amphotericin B, and itraconazole, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) forFusariumspp. were >32 μg/mL, 4–8 μg/mL, 0.5–1 μg/mL, and >32 μg/mL, respectively. Antifungal susceptibility data showed thatCurvulariaspp. was highly resistant to all the antifungal agents. Overall, natamycin and amphotericin B were found to be the most effective antifungal agents. The comparative clinical outcomes in all cases showed that the healing response in terms of visual acuity of the Dematiaceous group was significantly good when compared with theFusariumandAspergillusgroups (P<0.05). The time required for healing in theFusariumgroup was statistically significantly less when compared with theAspergillusand Dematiaceous groups.Conclusion. This study demonstrates important differences in microscopic features of scraping material and antifungal susceptibility between the three groups. Early and accurate identification coupled with the MIC data, and thereby appropriate treatment is crucial for complete recovery.

Lanmaoa rubriceps, a new bolete from tropical China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 347 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUI CHAI ◽  
ZHI-QUN LIANG ◽  
SHUAI JIANG ◽  
XUN-LONG FU ◽  
NIAN-KAI ZENG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Diagnostic Feature ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Tropical China

Lanmaoa rubriceps (Boletaceae, Boletales) is described as a new species from Hainan Province, a tropical region of China. It is morphologically characterized by a red, crimson to orange-red pileus, a hymenophore with stuffed pores when young, pores staining blue and then changing to red-brown when injured, stipe surface staining blue when injured, and a trichodermal pileipellis with uninflated hyphae. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from part of the 28S gene, the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and part of the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (tef1-α) also confirmed that L. rubriceps forms an independent lineage within Lanmaoa. Consequently, a detailed description, color photos of fresh basidiomata and line-drawings of microstructures are presented. It’s worth noting that L. rubriceps falls into the genus Lanmaoa phylogenetically but morphological features of the new species match the concept of the genus Cyanoboletus. The reason for the incongruence of molecular and morphological results is that the two most closely related genera share overlapping morphological features and the most important diagnostic feature of Lanmaoa is not constant. In light of these facts, lumping of Lanmaoa and Cyanoboletus into a single genus seems justified.

scholarly journals Three new Curvularia species from clinical and environmental sources

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Isabel Iturrieta-González ◽  
Josepa Gené ◽  
Nathan Wiederhold ◽  
Dania García
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Curvularia Species

Curvularia is a Pleosporalean monophyletic genus with a great diversity of species, including relevant phytopathogenic, animal and human pathogenic fungi. However, their microscopic identification is difficult due to overlapping morphological features amongst species. In recent years, multi-locus sequence analysis using the ITS region of the rDNA and fragments of the genes gapdh and tef1 revealed numerous cryptic species, especially in isolates that commonly produced 3-septate conidia. Therefore, based on sequence analysis of the above-mentioned DNA barcodes recommended for species delineation in Curvularia, we propose three novel species, C. paraverruculosa, C. suttoniae and C. vietnamensis, isolated from soil, human clinical specimens and plant material, respectively, collected in different countries. These new species are morphologically characterised and illustrated in the present study. Curvularia paraverruculosa differs from its counterparts, C. americana and C. verruculosa, mainly by its narrower conidia. Curvularia suttoniae and C. vietnamensis are closely related to C. petersonii, but the former two have larger conidia.

scholarly journals Fatal Rhinofacial Mycosis Due to Aspergillus nomiae: Case Report and Review of Published Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Bin Zhou ◽  
Dong Ming Li ◽  
Jos Houbraken ◽  
Ting Ting Sun ◽  
G. Sybren de Hoog
Keyword(s):  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Genomic Regions

BackgroundA 73-year-old female suffering from acute myeloid leukemia presented with progressive rhinofacial mycosis. Suspecting it to be mucormycosis, the antifungal amphotericin B (AMB) was administered empirically, but the patient did not respond as planned. The fungus was then isolated from the biopsied tissue and morphologically identified as a species of Aspergillus. Necrosis progressed and she died of cerebral hemorrhage. Since Aspergillus flavus is susceptible to AMB, and several other Aspergillus species can be misidentified as A. flavus, the observed resistance necessitated a re-examination of the fungal isolate.MethodsThe fungal strain was re-isolated and re-examined morphologically. Additionally, genomic DNA was extracted from the fungus and sequences were obtained from three genomic regions [the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, and portions of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes] to more accurately identify this Aspergillus strain. Its antifungal susceptibility was assessed using multiple compounds and our findings were compared with literature data.ResultsThe fungal culture again yielded an Aspergillus isolate morphologically identical to A. flavus. Molecular analyses, however, revealed the strain to be A. nomiae, a close relative of A. flavus in section Flavi, and it exhibited resistance to AMB. Reviewing the literature, only five other cases of A. nomiae infection in humans have been reported worldwide.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe rhinofacial mycosis of the patient was actually due to A. nomiae. The initial misidentification of the fungus, coupled with its resistance to AMB, could be the reason treatment did not help the patient. We postulate that clinical A. nomiae infections may be underreported and that accurate and speedy pathogen identification is important so that an effective antifungal regimen can be administered.

Diaporthe species occurring on Senna bicapsularis in southern China, with descriptions of two new species

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIN YANG ◽  
XIN-LEI FAN ◽  
ZHUO DU ◽  
CHENG-MING TIAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Diaporthe species include important plant pathogenic fungi with extensive host ranges and geographic distributions. In the present study, two new species of Diaporthe causing diebacks from southern China are described and illustrated. Isolates were characterized morphologically and assigned to species based on multigene sequence analyses. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, calmodulin (CAL), histone H3 (HIS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and beta-tubulin (TUB) region grouped isolates into two distinct lineages. Within each linage these species appear to be unique and are described as D. sennae sp. nov and D. sennicola sp. nov, and their relationships with other species in the genus are indicated.

scholarly journals New species and records of Trichoderma isolated as mycoparasites and endophytes from cultivated and wild coffee in Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen H. Rodríguez ◽  
Harry C. Evans ◽  
Lucas M. de Abreu ◽  
Davi M. de Macedo ◽  
Miraine K. Ndacnou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Novel Taxa ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Wild Coffee

AbstractA survey for species of the genus Trichoderma occurring as endophytes of Coffea, and as mycoparasites of coffee rusts (Hemileia), was undertaken in Africa; concentrating on Cameroon and Ethiopia. Ninety-four isolates of Trichoderma were obtained during this study: 76 as endophytes of healthy leaves, stems and berries and, 18 directly from colonized rust pustules. A phylogenetic analysis of all isolates used a combination of three genes: translation elongation factor-1α (tef1), rpb2 and cal for selected isolates. GCPSR criteria were used for the recognition of species; supported by morphological and cultural characters. The results reveal a previously unrecorded diversity of Trichoderma species endophytic in both wild and cultivated Coffea, and mycoparasitic on Hemileia rusts. Sixteen species were delimited, including four novel taxa which are described herein: T. botryosum, T. caeruloviride, T. lentissimum and T. pseudopyramidale. Two of these new species, T. botryosum and T. pseudopyramidale, constituted over 60% of the total isolations, predominantly from wild C. arabica in Ethiopian cloud forest. In sharp contrast, not a single isolate of Trichoderma was obtained using the same isolation protocol during a survey of coffee in four Brazilian states, suggesting the existence of a ‘Trichoderma void’ in the endophyte mycobiota of coffee outside of Africa. The potential use of these African Trichoderma isolates in classical biological control, either as endophytic bodyguards—to protect coffee plants from Hemileia vastatrix, the fungus causing coffee leaf rust (CLR)—or to reduce its impact through mycoparasitism, is discussed, with reference to the on-going CLR crisis in Central America.

Use of spectrophotometric reading for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing ofAspergillusspp.

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Dannaoui ◽  
Florence Persat ◽  
Marie-France Monier ◽  
Elisabeth Borel ◽  
Marie-Antoinette Piens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

A comparative study of visual and spectrophotometric MIC endpoint determinations for antifungal susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species was performed. A broth microdilution method adapted from the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) was used for susceptibility testing of 180 clinical isolates of Aspergillus species against amphotericin B and itraconazole. MICs were determined visually and spectrophotometrically at 490 nm after 24, 48, and 72h of incubation, and MIC pairs were compared. The agreement between the two methods was 99% for amphotericin B and ranged from 95 to 98% for itraconazole. It is concluded that spectrophotometric MIC endpoint determination is a valuable alternative to the visual reference method for susceptibility testing of Aspergillus species.Key words: antifungal, susceptibility testing, Aspergillus, spectrophotometric reading.

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