scholarly journals Persistent Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from a Poultry-Processing Facility Form More Biofilm but Do Not Have a Greater Resistance to Disinfectants than Sporadic Strains

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodríguez-Campos ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez-Melcón ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Calleja ◽  
Rosa Capita
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Bacterial Persistence ◽  
Crystal Violet Assay ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Sessile Cells ◽  
Selection Of

Some strains of Listeria monocytogenes can persist in food-processing environments, increasing the likelihood of the contamination of foodstuffs. To identify traits that contribute to bacterial persistence, a selection of persistent and sporadic L. monocytogenes isolates from a poultry-processing facility was investigated for biofilm-forming ability (crystal violet assay). The susceptibility of sessile cells to treatments (five minutes) with sodium hypochlorite having 10% active chlorine (SHY: 10,000 ppm, 25,000 ppm, and 50,000 ppm) and benzalkonium chloride (BZK: 2500 ppm, 10,000 ppm, and 25,000 ppm) was also studied. All isolates exhibited biofilm formation on polystyrene. Persistent strains showed larger (p < 0.001) biofilm formation (OD580 = 0.301 ± 0.097) than sporadic strains (OD580 = 0.188 ± 0.082). A greater susceptibility to disinfectants was observed for biofilms of persistent strains than for those of sporadic strains. The application of SHY reduced biofilms only for persistent strains. BZK increased OD580 in persistent strains (2500 ppm) and in sporadic strains (all concentrations). These results indicate that the use of BZK at the concentrations tested could represent a public health risk. Findings in this work suggest a link between persistence and biofilm formation, but do not support a relationship between persistence and the resistance of sessile cells to disinfectants.

scholarly journals comKProphage Junction Fragments as Markers for Listeria monocytogenes Genotypes Unique to Individual Meat and Poultry Processing Plants and a Model for Rapid Niche-Specific Adaptation, Biofilm Formation, and Persistence

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 3279-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindhu Verghese ◽  
Mei Lok ◽  
Jia Wen ◽  
Valentina Alessandria ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Niche Adaptation ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Poultry Processing ◽  
Conditioning Film ◽  
Conditioning Films ◽  
Different Strains

ABSTRACTDifferent strains ofListeria monocytogenesare well known to persist in individual food processing plants and to contaminate foods for many years; however, the specific genotypic and phenotypic mechanisms responsible for persistence of these unique strains remain largely unknown. Based on sequences incomKprophage junction fragments, different strains of epidemic clones (ECs), which included ECII, ECIII, and ECV, were identified and shown to be specific to individual meat and poultry processing plants. ThecomKprophage-containing strains showed significantly higher cell densities after incubation at 30°C for 48 h on meat and poultry food-conditioning films than did strains lacking thecomKprophage (P< 0.05). Overall, the type of strain, the type of conditioning film, and the interaction between the two were all highly significant (P< 0.001). Recombination analysis indicated that thecomKprophage junction fragments in these strains had evolved due to extensive recombination. Based on the results of the present study, we propose a novel model in which the concept of defectivecomKprophage was replaced with the rapid adaptation island (RAI). Genes within the RAI were recharacterized as “adaptons,” as these genes may allowL. monocytogenesto rapidly adapt to different food processing facilities and foods. If confirmed, the model presented would help explainListeria's rapid niche adaptation, biofilm formation, persistence, and subsequent transmission to foods. Also,comKprophage junction fragment sequences may permit accurate tracking of persistent strains back to and within individual food processing operations and thus allow the design of more effective intervention strategies to reduce contamination and enhance food safety.

Biofilm Formation and Associated Genes in Listeria Monocytogenes

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Warke ◽  
V. C. Ingle ◽  
N. V. Kurkure ◽  
P. A. Tembhurne ◽  
Minakshi Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Microtiter Assay

Listeria monocytogenes, an opportunistic food borne pathogen can cause serious infections in immunocompromised individuals. L. monocytogenes is capable of producing biofilm on the surface of food processing lines and instruments.The biofilm transfers contamination to food products and impose risk to public health. In the present study biofilm producing ability of L. monocytogenes isolates were investigated phenotypically and genotypically by microtiter assay and multiplex PCR, respectively. Out of 38 L. monocytogenes isolates 14 were recovered from animal clinical cases, 12 bovine environment and 12 from milk samples. A total of 3 (21.42%) clinical, 2 (16.66%) environment and 3 (25%) milk samples respectively, revealed biofilm production in microtiter assay. Cumulative results showed that 23 (60.52%) out of 38 strains of L. monocytogenes were positive for luxS and flaA gene and 1 (2.63%) was positive only for the flaA gene.

scholarly journals HrcA and DnaK are important for static and continuous-flow biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance in Listeria monocytogenes

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 3782-3790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn van der Veen ◽  
Tjakko Abee
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Disinfectant Resistance

The food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is able to form biofilms in food processing environments. Since biofilms are generally difficult to eradicate during clean-up procedures, they pose a major risk for the food industry. Stress resistance mechanisms involved in L. monocytogenes biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance have, to our knowledge, not been identified thus far. In this study, we investigated the role of hrcA, which encodes the transcriptional regulator of the class I heat-shock response, and dnaK, which encodes a class I heat-shock response chaperone protein, in static and continuous-flow biofilm formation and resistance against benzalkonium chloride and peracetic acid. Induction of both hrcA and dnaK during continuous-flow biofilm formation was observed using quantitative real-time PCR and promoter reporters. Furthermore, in-frame deletion and complementation mutants of hrcA and dnaK revealed that HrcA and DnaK are required to reach wild-type levels of both static and continuous-flow biofilms. Finally, disinfection treatments of planktonic-grown cells and suspended static and continuous-flow biofilm cells of wild-type and mutants showed that HrcA and DnaK are important for resistance against benzalkonium chloride and peracetic acid. In conclusion, our study revealed that HrcA and DnaK are important for L. monocytogenes biofilm formation and disinfectant resistance.

Evaluation of biofilm-forming abilities of Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115) and efficacy of different washing methods for removal of biofilm on apple

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Y. Ali ◽  
H.Y. Mah ◽  
E.T. Phuah ◽  
S.N. Chen ◽  
S.K. Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Crystal Violet Assay

Fresh produce can be contaminated at any stage along the food supply chain. In this study, apple was chosen to determine the time course of biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 19115), as well as to compare the efficacy of different household washing methods such as scrubbing with hands under running tap water, soaking with and without commercial vegetable wash with different treatment times in removing the biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes on apple surface. The biofilm formation was quantified using crystal violet assay and the result showed that L. monocytogenes took 18 hrs to form matured biofilm on apple surface. Besides, scrubbing apples with hands under running tap water for 30 s and 60 s were the most effective method which significantly removed (P<0.05) biofilm formed on the apple surface with approximately 5.93 log reduction. Soaking apples with vegetable wash for 5 mins and 10 mins were also found to be significantly effective (P<0.05) in reducing L. monocytogenes biofilm. Since L. monocytogenes can form matured biofilm on fresh produce, therefore efficient washing step is important before consuming fresh produce to lower the risk of foodborne illness.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Listeria Monocytogenes Strains Persisting in a Meat Processing Facility over a 4-Year Period

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Stoller ◽  
Marc Stevens ◽  
Roger Stephan ◽  
Claudia Guldimann
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Young Old

Listeria monocytogenes can persist in food production facilities, resulting in serious threats to consumers due to the high mortality associated with listeriosis, especially in the very young, old and pregnant. We subtyped 124 strains of L. monocytogenes isolated from a meat processing facility in Switzerland by serotyping, multi locus sequence typing (MLST) typing and whole genome sequencing. We then analyzed their ability to form biofilms and their resistance to the disinfectants benzalkonium chloride (BC) and peracetic acid (PAA). The genotyping results of the strains showed that several clonal populations of L. monocytogenes belonging to CC9, CC204 and CC121 had persisted in this meat processing facility for at least four years. All of the strains showed biofilm forming capacity comparable to a known high biofilm forming strain. Known efflux pumps for BC were present in CC204, CC9 (brcABC) and CC121 (qacH) strains, while strains from other CC showed very low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for BC. For PAA, minimal bactericidal concentrations of 1.2–1.6% for 20 min and minimal inhibitory concentrations between 0.1 and 0.2% were observed. These values were close to or above the recommended concentration for use (0.5–1%), suggesting that PAA might be ineffective at controlling L. monocytogenes in this and potentially other meat processing facilities.

Growth of Listeria monocytogenes as a Biofilm on Various Food-Processing Surfaces

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISABEL C. BLACKMAN ◽  
JOSEPH F. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Substantial Risk

The objective of this research was to determine the ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow as a biofilm on various food-processing surfaces including stainless steel, Teflon®, nylon, and polyester floor sealant. Each of these surfaces was able to support biofilm formation when incubation was at 21°C in Trypticase soy broth (TSB). Biofilm formation was greatest on polyester floor sealant (40% of surface area covered after 7 days of incubation) and least on nylon (3% coverage). The use of chemically defined minimal medium resulted in a lack of biofilm formation on polyester floor sealant, and reduced biofilm levels on stainless steel. Biofilm formation was reduced with incubation at 10°C, but Teflon® and stainless steel still allowed 23 to 24% coverage after incubation in TSB for 18 days. Biofilm growth of L. monocytogenes was sufficient to provide a substantial risk of this pathogen contaminating the food-processing plant environment if wet surfaces are not maintained in a sanitary condition.

Effect of Time, Temperature and Transport Media on the Recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from Environmental Swabs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Stewart ◽  
Yadwinder Singh Rana ◽  
Kaiping Deng ◽  
Geethaanjali Vijayakumar ◽  
Lanlan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Processing Facility

Environmental monitoring for Listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments is key for ensuring the safety of ready-to-eat foods. For sampling, swabs are often hydrated with a wetting or transport medium which may contain neutralizers and other ingredients. After swabbing the environment, the swabs may then be transported or shipped cold to an off-site laboratory for testing, ideally within 48 h. Extended shipping times may subject the pathogen to increased temperatures in the presence of the wetting medium, organics, and other chemicals from the processing facility which may confound detection. This study evaluated growth and detection of L. monocytogenes on stainless steel exposed to either buffer or sodium hypochlorite prior to drying. Swabs were rehydrated with Butterfield’s Phosphate Buffer, Neutralizing Buffer, Letheen Broth or Dey-Engley Neutralizing Broth prior to swabbing. Swabs were stored in the presence of no added food, cheese whey or ice cream under both optimal (4°) and sub-optimal (15°C) temperatures for up to 72 h. Overall, there was no growth of L. monocytogenes at 4°C through 72 h storage, though enrichment from these swabs was dependent on the presence and type of food matrix. Pathogen growth during storage at 15°C was more variable and depended on both the food matrix and transport media used, with Dey-Engley and Letheen Broth allowing for the highest population increases. Overall, more enrichments resulting in L. monocytogenes detections were observed when using Letheen Broth and Neutralizing Buffer than Dey-Engley which resulted in fewer detections at 15°C. Logistic regression and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) analyses determined that storage temperature, transport media, and food matrix all significantly affected detection of L. monocytogenes , while storage time did not have a clear effect on recovery from swabs.

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