scholarly journals A Review on Viruses Infecting Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shakir Mohamad Yusop ◽  
Mohd Faiz Mat Saad ◽  
Noraini Talip ◽  
Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽  
Hamidun Bunawan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Taro Bacilliform Virus

Taro is an important crop in parts of the world, especially in the Pacific Islands. Like all plants, it is also susceptible to virus infections that could result in diseases, which negatively affects the source of food and trade revenue. Understanding the biology of taro viruses could improve current knowledge regarding the relationship between viruses and taro, thus allowing for a better approach towards the management of the diseases that are associated with them. By compiling and discussing the research on taro and its four major viruses (Dasheen mosaic virus, Taro bacilliform virus, Colocasia bobone disease virus, and Taro vein chlorosis virus) and a relatively new one (Taro bacilliform CH virus), this paper explores the details of each virus by examining their characteristics and highlighting information that could be used to mitigate taro infections and disease management.

The Edinburgh Companion to Virginia Woolf and Contemporary Global Literature

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
East Europe ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Multiple Languages ◽  
North And South

This book considers the global responses Woolf’s work has inspired and her worldwide impact. The 23 chapters address the ways Woolf is received by writers, publishers, academics, reading audiences, and students in countries around the world; how she is translated into multiple languages; and how her life is transformed into global contemporary biofiction. The 24 authors hail from regions around the world: West and East Europe, the Middle East/North Africa, North and South America, East Asia and the Pacific Islands. They write about Woolf’s reception in Ireland, France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Estonia, Russia, Egypt, Kenya, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, the United States, China, Japan and Australia. The Edinburgh Companion is dialogic and comparative, incorporating both transnational and local tendencies insofar as they epitomise Woolf’s global reception and legacy. It contests the ‘centre’ and ‘periphery’ binary, offering new models for Woolf global studies and promoting cross-cultural understandings.

The Boat of the Dead in the Bronze Age

Antiquity ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 15 (60) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Grinsell
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Bronze Age

In many parts of the world and at many periods the practice has prevailed of depositing boats, or models or other representations of them, with the dead, either as a means of facilitating his supposed voyage to another world, or as a symbol of his maritime activities during his lifetime.That the former is generally the correct explanation of the custom there can be no doubt. This is shown by the evidence of the belief in a voyage to a future world, and the customs to which it has given rise, among living primitive peoples in the Pacific Islands and elsewhere, so well collected and presented by the late Sir J. G. Frazer. It is shown also by traditions such as that of our own king Arthur's journey by barge to ‘the island valley of Avilion, where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow’ It is shown also by the ancient Greek and Roman custom of placing a coin in the mouth of the dead to pay Charon's fee for ferrying him across the Styx.

The World’s Oldest Tsunami Victim at the Gateway to the Pacific—and Beyond

Tsunami ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
James Goff ◽  
Walter Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Settlement Abandonment

The 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami was a significant puzzle for scientists who finally cracked the cause, but it also marks the most recent event of many that can be dated back to at least 6,000 years ago where the skull of the oldest tsunami victim in the world was found. Papua New Guinea was also the starting point for the most remarkable navigational feat in the world, with Polynesians moving rapidly east into the Pacific Ocean, their settlement of the region being punctuated by hiatuses caused by catastrophic tsunamis approximately 3,000, 2,000, and 600 years ago. It was on isolated Pacific islands that humans first came into contact with the deadly Pacific Ring of Fire. Settlement abandonment, mass graves, and cultural collapse mark their progress.

Teaching with Educational Technology

2006 ◽  
pp. 125-149
Author(s):  
Yukiko Inoue ◽  
Suzanne Bell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Leadership Education ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
Economic Injustice ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Weather Change

The 21st century brings the Pacific islands unwelcome currents. Global economic integration will strip Pacific islands of trade preferences. Radical weather change, reef damage, and sea level rise will push natural resources toward extinction. To buck the tide, we do not need business-as-usual leaders. We need mould-breaking, heroic leadership. Education is key. We had better start teaching our kids political science from the cradle. In the next century, social ills rooted in economic injustice and flourishing in ethnic and religious strife will continue to generate desperation in the world’s poverty pockets. Instead of stirring clouds of human rights allegations, we must learn to live with the migrants and refugees fleeing to our shores. Television, the great leveller, homogenises cultural values in every corner of the world. Indigenous language erodes. Island cultures are swamped. The heroic leader will need a worldly education and a “bend-your-back for others” apprenticeship in traditional island service. (Bruce, 1998, p. 126)

scholarly journals Bamboo Fale: Climate of Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emily Cayford
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World

<p>The world is currently sitting on the brink of a massive upheaval as Climate Change continues to intensify. At this stage, there is no apparent turning back: the only remaining option is to adapt. While many countries are already feeling the effects, the most vulnerable lie within the Pacific Islands.  With 70% of the Samoan population living along their coastline (The World Bank, 2016), the country is identified as one of the most vulnerable Pacific Islands. It is prone to high waves and storm surges, along with tropical cyclones, which destroy livelihoods and housing, as well as claiming lives.  The traditional architecture of Samoa was originally built to withstand such weather events, but has not been adapting to resist the increased cyclone intensity and rising sea levels. The materials and building practices currently used within Samoa do not have the properties to resist these extreme weather events.  Western building practises have been introduced and into the Samoan construction industry, but has not yet successfully been integrated. Combinations of traditional and Western building practises are, instead, resulting in buildings more vulnerable than ever. This issue remains unresolved, with unsuitable housing remaining one of the largest dilemmas currently faced by Samoa’s inhabitants.  Samoa recently graduated from the classification: Least Developed Country, to be classified as a Developing Country (Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience). This places Samoa as one of the more developed nations of the Pacific, therefore encouraging Samoa to take the lead in resilience to the ever imposing effects of Climate Change. Samoa has a close relationship with both New Zealand and Australia and therefore has access to building expertise, education and materials. Why, then, is Samoa so lacking in architectural resilience to the effects of Climate Change?  This paper endeavours to investigate this gap and, in turn provide a potential resolution. These solutions could aid other Pacific countries as well as encouraging further architectural resilience that can then be mirrored by the remaining, vulnerable countries of the Pacific.  This thesis first investigates the question:  “Why has Samoan culture not developed stronger architectural resilience against Climate Change?”  This thesis then evolves to question:  “How can Samoan architecture be hybridised to influence increased architectural resilience against Climate Change?”</p>

scholarly journals A Brief Review on the Researches of Cultural Relationship Between Indigenous Bai Yue in Southeast of China and Pacific Austronesian

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Chunming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
South China ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Southeast Coast ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAncient “Bai Yue” (百越) and “Austronesian” are indigenous peoples with very close relationship, distributing from south China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. The relationship between Bai Yue and Proto-Austronesian has long been studied in both Chinese and Euro-American academies. During most of the twentieth century, Chinese historians and archaeologists mainly discussed the origins of Malay ethnics as one branch of Austronesian within the academic framework of the ethno-history of Bai Yue centering on the southeast coast of China, while western academic peers mainly based on the linguistic investigation of modern Austronesian and carried out multi-disciplines’ research on the origin of Proto-Austronesian.

scholarly journals The Orchids of Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands

Lankesteriana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Cribb ◽  
Arthur Whistler
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Cook Islands ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Present Book ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Pacific Species

Orchids are one of the largest families of flowering plants in the Pacific region, especially in the tropics. Despite the remoteness of Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands, orchids have reached them in some numbers. Both terrestrial and epiphytic genera are well represented in the floras of these distant but neighboring archipelagos. Most of the species are found elsewhere in the Pacific, particularly in Fiji, Samoa, and the Society Islands. The affinities of these orchids can be traced to New Guinea and the adjacent archipelagos. New Guinea, with an estimated 3000 species that make it one of the richest orchid floras in the world, is a fertile source of seed for the scattered islands that lie to its east and southeast. The orchids appear to have reached Tonga, Niue, and the Cook Islands in recent times. Only two species, Habenaria amplifolia from Rarotonga and Robiquetia tongaensis from Tonga, are endemic to the islands covered in the present book, and both are closely related to more widespread Pacific species. This guide constitutes the fourth of a series of orchid floristic treatments that have so far covered Vanuatu (Lewis & Cribb 1989), the Solomon Islands and Bougainville (Lewis & Cribb 1991), and Samoa (Cribb & Whistler 1996). A recent, excellent and detailed account of the Fijian orchid flora (Kores 1991) has also been a valuable source for those interested in Pacific islands orchids. These accounts have generated renewed interest in the orchid floras of those archipelagos, leading to new discoveries and re-interpretations of several species. We hope that this small guide will likewise bring a renewal of interest in not only the orchids, but also the floras of these islands as a whole. 

Cybercafés and Youth Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 422-433
Author(s):  
Sebnem Cilesiz
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

Among various forms of public access to computers and the Internet, cybercafés are a specific phenomenon around the world. Predominantly, they are frequented by young people, thus attracting the attention of educators and policymakers. Despite the worldwide prominence of cybercafés, very little research has examined youth’s activities at cybercafés and the outcomes of their participation. This chapter reviews the literature on cybercafés in general, followed by the status of current knowledge about the role of cybercafés in social interaction, informal learning, and youth development. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research directions on the relationship between cybercafés and youth development.

Achieving Sustainable Fisheries in The Pacific Islands

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-329
Author(s):  
Michael Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Sustainable Fisheries ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Tuna Fisheries ◽  
Fish Harvest

The tuna fisheries within the Exclusive Economic Zones of the Pacific islands are the richest in the world. Pacific Islanders have some of the highest per capita fish and seafood consumption rates in the world, and both commercial and subsistence fisheries are of vital significance. This paper sets out a vision for the region’s fisheries that incorporates a number of elements, including sustainable harvesting of targeted fish stocks, protection of habitat, conservation of threatened species, maximising the value to the region of fish harvest, addressing the issues of marine pollution (including plastics), and increasing the employment opportunities for Pacific Islanders in the management and conservation of their resources, to meet Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 14 and achieve truly sustainable fisheries.

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