scholarly journals A Retrospective Epidemiological Study of the Incidence and Risk Factors of Salmonellosis in Bahrain in Children During 2012–2016

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perna ◽  
Alaali ◽  
Alalwan ◽  
Janahi ◽  
Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Unsafe Water

Salmonellosis is one of the major public health concerns in Bahrain as it has increased rapidly during the past few years. This study aims to determine the prevalence of salmonellosis in children and the possible risk factors such as age, geographical area, nationality, gender, unsafe drinking water, infant born weight and gastrointestinal disease. The cases of salmonellosis in children reported by the Ministry of Health of Bahrain ranged from 21 to 26 per 100,000 population during the period 2012–2016. Salmonellosis cases were geographically concentrated in the capital and northern regions. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the number of salmonellosis cases between Bahrainis and non-Bahrainis based on region, and gender (p < 0.001). In the Bahraini cohort, there was an association between the increase of cases and the number of gastrointestinal disease-related deaths (p < 0.05). In addition, unsafe water (over the level of 2.14%) and low-birth weight (<3.100 g) were associated, but not statistically significant (p = 0.086 and p = 0.126, respectively) with the increase of salmonellosis cases. Despite the decline in the number of cases, the results of this study contribute to the understanding of the epidemiology of Salmonella in humans and this, in turn, will help develop and implement preventative measures.

Evaluation of the Fibromyalgia and Related Risk Factors in Patients with Advanced Kidney Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Seyedmardani ◽  
Saeed Abkhiz ◽  
Azadeh Megrazi ◽  
Aarefeh Jafarzade ◽  
Golshan Kamali Zonouz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Symptom Severity Score ◽  
And Gender

Background : Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is defined as widespread and persistent pain in the musculoskeletal system. There are limited reports regarding the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome in patients with advanced kidney failure undergoing regular hemodialysis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of fibromyalgia syndrome and its risk factors in a large proportion of patients under the hemodialysis condition. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 293 patients who were admitted to the hemodialysis ward were evaluated for fibromyalgia syndrome in an educational hospital. The questionnaire was designed according to symptom severity score (SS score) and widespread pain index (WPI) criteria. The correlation between FMS and various variables, including demographic, clinical, and biochemistry biomarkers, was also precisely calculated by logistic regression. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.17 statistics software. Results: The results showed that, of 293 hemodialysis patients, 130 patients (44.4%) had fibromyalgia, the mean age of patients with and without fibromyalgia was 61.09 ± 15.36 and 53.49 ± 15.38 years old, respectively (P = 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference in terms of gender among patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (P = 0.001). To note, there was no significant relationship between the kidney failure etiopathogenesis, duration of dialysis, body mass index (BMI), Kt/v index, history of peritoneal dialysis, and laboratory parameters with fibromyalgia in hemodialysis patients (P > 0.05). However, our findings revealed that both age and gender could be considered as the predictor variables associated with fibromyalgia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Conclusion: Taken together, in this study, we found that age and gender would be the critical factors in terms of the fibromyalgia syndrome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Prevalence of and risk factors for feline hyperthyroidism in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L McLean ◽  
Remo G Lobetti ◽  
Carmel T Mooney ◽  
Peter N Thompson ◽  
Johan P Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Thyroxine

Objectives Hyperthyroidism is a disorder of older cats that may have a geographical variation in prevalence. Prevalence studies have not yet been performed in South Africa, a geographical area where hyperthyroidism in cats has recently been observed and where, reportedly, the incidence appears to be increasing. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism in South Africa and to identify any potential risk factors. Further information on the worldwide prevalence and possible causative factors would increase our understanding of the aetiology of this disease and help identify any preventive measures. Methods Serum total thyroxine (tT4) and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) were measured in 302 cats aged 9 years and older that were presented at various veterinary clinics throughout South Africa. In cats with equivocal tT4 and undetectable cTSH values, serum free thyroxine (fT4) was also measured. At the time of blood sampling a questionnaire was completed regarding vaccination history, internal and external parasite control, diet and environment. Results Prevalence of hyperthyroidism (tT4 >50 nmol/l or tT4 between 30 and 50 nmol/l with TSH <0.03 ng/ml and fT4 >50 pmol/l) was 7% (95% confidence interval 4.4–10.4), with no significant difference between healthy (5%) and sick (8%) cats. Cats ⩾12 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 4.3, P = 0.02) and cats eating canned food (OR 2.1, P = 0.1) were more likely to be diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. No significant relationship between vaccinations, parasite control or indoor environment and hyperthyroidism was observed. Hyperthyroid cats were more likely to present with weight loss (OR 3.2, P = 0.01) and with a heart rate ⩾200 beats per min (OR 5, P = 0.01) than cats without the disease. Conclusions and relevance Hyperthyroidism does not appear to be uncommon in the South African cat population. Risk factors for hyperthyroidism, specifically older age and eating canned food, were present in this as in other reported populations.

scholarly journals Pola makan berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada lanjut usia di Poliklinik Geriatri RSUP Sanglah Denpasar

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
IGA Sagung Kusuma Dewi ◽  
I Dewa Putu Pramantara ◽  
Retno Pangastuti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

Background: Food intake is a factor determining health status and risk for degenerative diseases including metabolic syndrome. The fundamental function of someone’s nutritional status in the process of the emergence of generative disease and metabolic syndrome can be identified through the effect of food to the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia or glucose tolerance disorder.Objective: To identify the association between eating pattern and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the elderly at Geriatric Polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.Method: The study was analytic observational with matched case control study design using ratio 1:1. There were 80 samples consisting of 40 as control group and 40 as cases matched by age and gender. Eating pattern was identified through food frequency questionnaire and calculated and compared to the need. Statistical analysis used chi square and risk factors were measured using odds ratio (OR). Multivariate analysis used double logistic regression to find out risk factors dominantly affected metabolic syndrome.Result: The result of bivariate statistical test showed significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.05) for energy intake (OR: 9.1; CI95%: 1.9-43.8), protein (OR: 3.8; CI95%: 1.5-9.7), fat (OR: 3.8; CI95%: 1.1-13.2), carbohydrate (OR:11.4; CI95%: 2.3-54.2). The result of multivariate analysis showed that the variables having dominant risk and significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome were carbohydrate consumption (OR: 8.1; CI95%: 1.29–50.89), fat consumption (OR: 4.9; CI95%: 1.17-20.61) and protein consumption (OR: 3.9; CI95%: 1.27-12.30).Conclusion: There was difference in eating pattern, i.e. high consumption of carbohydrate, fat and protein which became risk factor for the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the elderly at Geriatric Polyclinic of Sanglah Hospital Denpasar.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Falls in Patients with Alzheimer Disease: A Retrospective Study of Balance, Cognition, and Visuospatial Ability

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Mayuka Oki ◽  
Miyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Yukiko Yoshikawa ◽  
Mitsuko Fukushima ◽  
Akira Nagasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Aim: This study aimed to determine the main risk factors for falls in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) by comparing balance, cognition, and visuospatial ability between those who have experienced a fall and those who have not. Methods: Forty-seven AD patients were admitted to a ward for patients with dementia (22 men and 25 women). The balance of patients was evaluated using the Functional Reach Test (FRT), the one-leg standing duration, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The Mini-Mental State Examination-Japanese (MMSE-J) was used to evaluate cognition. For visuospatial ability assessment, the Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) as well as overlapping figure identification and shape discrimination in the Visual Perception Test for Agnosia (VPTA) were used. The patients were allocated to either the fall group or the nonfall group based on their history of falls in the past year. The relationships between patients’ characteristics and evaluation outcomes were compared and examined. Logistic regression analysis was performed using a fall as the objective variable. The area under the curve (AUC) and the cutoff value were calculated. Results: Of the 47 participants, 22 had experienced falls within the past year (46.8%). The results of the FRT, one-leg standing duration, the TUG, the CDT, and the VPTA were significantly lower in the fall group. No significant difference between the MMSE-J scores of the fall group and those of the nonfall group was observed. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that falls in AD patients were significantly associated with the FRT. It was found that a shorter FRT distance (cm) had a significant impact on falls. For the FRT, the fall-related AUC was 0.755. At a cutoff value of 24.5 cm, the level of sensitivity was 68.0%, and the level of specificity was 77.3%. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that balance and visuospatial abilities are risks factors for falls in AD patients. In contrast, cognitive impairment was not a risk factor for falls. It was demonstrated that the FRT could be an appropriate risk predictor for falls in AD patients. In particular, falls in AD patients were strongly affected by a reduced dynamic balance.

scholarly journals Correlation between demographic characteristics, cognitive functioning and functional independence in stroke patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Arsic ◽  
Ljubica Konstantinovic ◽  
Fadilj Eminovic ◽  
Dragan Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender

Introduction. It has been assumed that there is causality of the achieved level of functional independence with the degree of preservation of cognitive function in stroke patients. Demographic characteristics may be important for monitoring the achieved level of functional independence. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of demographic characteristics and functional independence in regard to the level of cognitive impairment in stroke patients. Methods. The study included 50 stroke patients after rehabilitation, as well as age- and gender-matched 50 subjects selected randomly, according to the demographic characteristics of the studied sample, who in their medical history had no neurological disorders. For the assessment of functional independence, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) test was used. The general cognition was estimated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test. The statistical analyses included the Mann-Whitney test, for two independent samples, measures of canonical correlation, and ?2 test. Results. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in relation to risk factors, hypertension and diabetes mellitus type II (p<0.001); There was a statistically significant difference within the groups in relation to the cognitive impairment in all the examined demographic characteristics (p<0.001); the differences within the groups in relation to the cognitive impairment are present on all subscales of the FIM test (p<0.05); the differences within the groups in relation to handedness, hemiparesis, show that mild cognitive impairment is more common among left hemiparesis, while a more severe one is more common among right-sided hemiparesis (p<0.05); More severe cognitive impairment is common among women, the elderly and in persons with lower education (p<0.05). Conclusion. By prevention of risk factors, and prevention of possible cognitive impairment, consequences of stroke can be reduced, the recovery can be made more successful, and quality of life can be improved.

scholarly journals A Nationwide Analysis of Trends in in-Hospital Mortality in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease from 2000 to 2014

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4808-4808
Author(s):  
Imran Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Sarfraz Nawaz ◽  
Girindra Ghanshyam Raval ◽  
Achuta Kumar Guddati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Hospital Size ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Patients with Sickle cell disease (SCD) have high rates of hospitalizations in the US annually and carry a higher rate of in-hospital mortality compared to the general population. There have been very few therapeutic innovations for the treatment of SCD in the past few decades. Changes in mortality in these patients reflect the availability of healthcare delivery and improvements in management of long term complications of SCD. A nationwide analysis was conducted to study the mortality of patients in SCD over a period of 15 years (2000 to 2014). The national inpatient sample is a database supported by the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality. Methods: In this study, all patients who were hospitalized between the years 2000 to 2015 were analyzed and mortality was studied in SCD patients. Mortality during hospital stay was studied with respect to hospital size, rural vs. urban location and the most common medical comorbidities. Data pertaining to demographic factors of gender, geographic location and hospital size (measure of expertise and facilities available) were extracted. Access to healthcare was assessed using insurance coverage as a surrogate and its effect on mortality was evaluated. The effect of common medical comorbid conditions such as atrial fibrillation (Afib), hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and tobacco smoking was assessed. Chi-square test analysis was used to validate the statistical significance of difference seen between the groups with a significance identified with a p value< 0.05. Multivariate analysis was used to determine independent predictors of mortality. Results: Out of a total of 1280693 hospitalizations over 15 years there were 9230 deaths of which 4230 were males and 5000 were females. There was no difference in the rate of mortality between hospitals of different sizes (small vs. medium vs. large) teaching and non-teaching hospitals. The mortality/hospitalization ratio was statistically different between Northeast, Midwest, South and West regions (0.63%, 0.65%, 0.76% and 0.89 respectively; p = 0.008). A statistically significant difference was noted between the insurance status (Medicaid vs. Medicare vs. private vs. self) amongst sickle cell patients who died during hospitalization. The odds of dying during hospitalization has gradually decreased from 2000 to 2014 (p = 0.007). The average age of death was 43.8 years and the age group of 35-49 years accounted for the highest amount of mortality (33%). Univariate analysis showed a significant difference in the common medical comorbidities of HTN, HLP, DM, CKD and smoking status in SCD patients who died during hospitalization. Multiple regression analysis revealed females are less likely to suffer from in-hospital mortality than males (OR 0.80; P < 0.04), medical comorbidities of Afib, DM, HTN and CKD are significant risk factors (ORS: 4.3, 1.4, 1.8 and 1.3). Conclusions: In-hospital mortality in SCD patients has improved significantly over the past 2 decades which may reflect some improvements in health care delivery and possibly the usage of hydroxyurea. However, common medical comorbidities such as Afib, HTN, DM and CKD continue to remain significant risk factors for mortality in these patients. Aggressive management of these medical comorbidities may further decrease morbidity and mortality in SCD patients in the future. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals 41 Age Modifies the Association between Apathy ANND Recurrent Falling in Dutch Ambulant Older Persons with a High Fall Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Marieke Henstra ◽  
Carin Houbolt ◽  
Lotta Seppala ◽  
Sophia De Rooij ◽  
Didi Rhebergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Behavioural Syndrome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fall Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Apathy, a common and disabling behavioural syndrome in older persons, has been associated with impaired physical performance and executive dysfunction. Both are fall risk factors and they share pathophysiological pathway. We cross-sectionally examined the association between apathy and recurrent falling (≥2 falls in the past 12 months) and number of falls in the past 12 months in 243 outpatients aged ≥ 65 years with ≥3 fall risk-factors visiting a fall-clinic after a fall. We calculated Odds Ratio’s (ORs), Incidence Rate Ratio’s (IRRs) and their 95% Confidential Intervals (CI95) using multivariable regression and negative binomial regression analyses. We adjusted for cognitive functioning, depression, the use of fall risk increasing drugs, visual impairment, urine incontinence, comorbidity, smoking, use of alcohol, body mass index (BMI), and the number of months between assessment of fall risk and of apathy. We assessed effect modification by age and gender. In our study, apathy was independently associated with recurrent falling in patients aged 65-75 years: OR 2.8 (CI95 1.0-7.7). Overall, patients with apathy experienced 1.46 times as many falls in the past 12 months compared to patients without apathy (IRR 1.46 (CI95 1.0-2.1). To conclude, in high fall-risk older outpatients, apathy was cross-sectionally associated with recurrent falling in patients aged 65-75 years and the number of falls. Apathy appeared to be especially relevant in relation to falling in this age group. Whether apathy predicts recurrent falling is yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Genotyping and Prevalence of Pyrazinamide- and Moxifloxacin-Resistant Tuberculosis in China, 2000 to 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Pang ◽  
Zhijian Zhang ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Shengfen Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Beijing Genotype ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Prevalence Trends ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT We investigated the prevalence, trends, and risk factors for pyrazinamide (PZA) and moxifloxacin (MOX) resistance among tuberculosis (TB) cases in China and also analyzed the population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. All the M. tuberculosis strains enrolled in this study were collected from the national TB prevalence surveys. Each strain was genotyped by analyzing the regions of RD105 and IS6110 in the NTF region. The Bactec MGIT 960 system was used to detect the drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates to PZA and MOX. Based on the genotyping results, 241 (66.4%) strains were classified as Beijing genotype in 2000, which was significantly lower than in 2010 (76.2%, P < 0.01). The proportion of the modern Beijing genotype increased significantly from 49.6% in 2000 to 68.1% in 2010 (P < 0.01), while no significant difference was observed in the rate of ancient Beijing genotype between 2000 and 2010 (P = 0.676). In addition, we found that the proportion of PZA resistance in 2010 (15.0%) was significantly higher than that in 2000 (9.6%, P = 0.04). For MOX, there were more MOX-resistant isolates detected in 2010 (7.7%) than in 2000 (3.0%). In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the Beijing genotype was the predominant M. tuberculosis lineage during the past decade. The proportion of Beijing genotype isolates significantly increased from 2000 to 2010, largely due to an increase in the modern Beijing sublineage. In addition, resistance to PZA and MOX increased significantly in China between 2000 and 2010.

scholarly journals Prospective Multicentric Observational Study of COVID19 in Oncohematological Patients in the Catalonia Region: The Opposite Effect of Steroids on Survival

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Alberto Mussetti ◽  
Clara Maluquer ◽  
Cristian Tebe Cordomi ◽  
Maria Condom ◽  
Kevin Molina-Mata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Respiratory Insufficiency ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
P Value ◽  
Acute Leukemias ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) has shown higher mortality in patients with comorbidities, including cancer. First reports from China, Italy, and US showed mortality comprised between 20% and 40% in this specific population. However, the number of patients in these studies was limited and the percentage of hematological patients was underrepresented. In our study, we present a prospective evaluation of patients affected by solid and liquid tumors who were affected by COVID19 from the same geographical area and time period. Survival outcomes, prognostic risk factors, and effects of oncological treatments received were analyzed. Methods WAll consecutive oncological patients with age &gt; 18 years old affected by COVID19 (confirmed by pharyngeal PCR test) who were hospitalized in 5 tertiary oncological referral centers in the Catalonia region were included in the study. The recruitment period started from 13/03/2020 to 24/04/2020. Two-hundred thirty-one patients were recruited. Thirty-three percent had hematological malignancies and 67% had solid tumors. The median age was 65 years (range 58-75 years). Female patients were 41%. Twenty-six percent of patients were not considered candidates to intensive care treatments (tracheal intubation) due to their advanced oncological status. Of the hematological cohort, lymphoid malignancies represented 36% of the population, multiple myeloma 20%; acute leukemias 15%; chronic lymphoproliferative diseases 12% and other malignancies 17%. At the time of infection, 11% of patients were receiving steroids (more than 0.5mg/kg/24 hours &gt;15 days), 4% were on active immunosuppressive therapy (calcineurin inhibitors, sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil) and 5% had grade &gt;3 neutropenia. Most importantly, 61% were on active oncological treatment, 18% were on follow-up, 10% had been diagnosed without having received any treatment. Results At COVID19 diagnosis, 75% of patients had a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) &lt; 24% and 63% had fever. Only 16% had cough,16 % had mucous secretion and 12% had dyspnea. All the other symptoms (myalgia, diarrhea, anosmia, ageusia, fatigue, headache) had an incidence &lt; 10%. Chest X-ray was abnormal in 60% of cases. Regarding in-hospital treatments, 85% received antibiotics, 76% hydroxychloroquine, 12% tocilizumab, 30% corticoids, 70% prophylactic anticoagulation and 55% oxygen support. The median duration of hospitalization was 9.00 days (range 5-16 days). WThe overall mortality rate was 26% with a non-significant difference between hematological (32%) and oncological (23%) patients (p-value = 0.23, figure 1). A significant difference was observed between patients who were candidates to intensive care treatments (21.5%) and not candidates (42.6%)(p-value = 0.0038, figure 1). The following risk factors were associated with decreased survival on multivariate analysis: having the oncological disease in progression (HR 3.33, 95%Confidence Interval (CI)= 1.73-6-41, p&lt;0.001); use of steroids (&gt;0.5mg/kg/24 hours) in the last 15 days (HR 3.76; 95%CI=1.69-8.40, p&lt;0.001); age (continuous variable, HR 1.05, 95%CI= 1.01-1-08, p=0.005); grade 4 neutropenia. When considering COVID19 in-hospital treatments, only steroids were associated with a protective effect on survival (HR 0.51, 95%CI=0.27-0.94, p=0.032) while hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab had no significant effect. Severe respiratory insufficiency (defined as use of &gt;50% FiO2 as oxygen support) was present or developed in 46% of patients. On multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with a higher risk of developing severe respiratory insufficiency: use of steroids (&gt;0.5mg/kg/24 hours) in the last 15 days (HR 2.36; 95%CI=1.12-4.97, p=0.023); age (HR 1.05, 95%CI= 1.01-1-08, p=0.009) and dyspnea at diagnosis (HR 3.95; 95%CI=1.77-8.78, p=0.001). Conclusion WCOVID19 is associated to increased mortality in patients affected by solid and liquid tumors. Being a candidate for intensive care treatments could improve survival while having progressive disease, older age and grade &gt;3 neutropenia were considered negative factors. Interestingly, the use of steroids was associated to reduced survival if received within 15 days before COVID19 diagnosis, while it has protective effect when used as part of COVID19 therapy. Disclosures Mussetti: Novartis, Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding. Sureda Balari:Gilead/Kite: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Merck Sharpe and Dohme: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy. OffLabel Disclosure: Tocilizumab for COVID19

scholarly journals Video display terminal use and other risk factors for abnormal blinking in children: gender differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Shi-Nan Wu ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Hui-Ye Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Video Display ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protection Index

Abstract Objective To explore the risk factors for abnormal blinking in children and compare these between boys and girls. Methods Children attending the Children's Optometry Clinic between June 2019 and June 2020 were recruited for the study. The time they had spent viewing video displays (VDTt) over the past 6 months was recorded. Incomplete blinking (IB) and blinking rate were measured and all participants were allocated to groups based on their blink rate (<20 times/min = normal blinking group, NBG; ≥20 times/min = abnormal blinking group, ABG). Tear film (TF) stability was also evaluated. The corresponding statistical methods are used to analyze the data. Results A total of 87 boys and 80 girls were enrolled in the study. No significant difference in age was found between the 2 groups. There was a significant difference in TF stability between the two groups (P<0.05). According to binary logistic analysis, VDTt and ocular protection index (OPI) are important risk factors for abnormal blinking, with cut-off values of 1.75 hours and 1.014 respectively in boys; and 1.25 hours and 1.770 respectively in girls. The average of lipid layer thickness was an important protective factor for children using VDT for long periods, with a cut-off value of 58.5 nm in boys and 53.5nm in girls. Conclusion Risk factors for abnormal blinking in both boys and girls include VDTt and OPI.

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