scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Variation Between Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium arthrosporioides and Fusarium anguioides Strains

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Tapani Yli-Mattila ◽  
Taha Hussien ◽  
Olga Gavrilova ◽  
Tatiana Gagkaeva
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Climatic Regions

Fusarium avenaceum and closely related species are common fungi on various plants, cultivated in different climatic regions. The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic affiliations of the F. avenaceum, Fusarium arthrosporioides, and Fusarium anguioides strains by using morphological, physiological and molecular-genetic approaches. Twenty-six single-spored morphologically identified strains, which were mainly from cereals, were investigated in order to find out, if they belong to a separate species. Pathogenicity of strains to wheat seedlings and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats) fingerprint and beta-tubulin DNA sequence patterns were analyzed. According to phylogenetic analyses, the strains could be divided into two big groups consisting of mostly F. avenaceum or F. anguioides strains. F. arthrosporioides was not detected as a separate species by the sum of the characters. F. anguioides was characterized as a separate species, which could be identified by morphological and molecular data. High genetic diversity of the F. avenaceum species complex was revealed. One F. anguioides strain (rudbeckia, Vladivostok, Russia), had an identical beta-tubulin sequence with two previously sequenced strains of Fusarium tricinctum species complex, which were isolated from dicotyledonous plants in Asia.

A redefinition of the genus Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908, with description of new species (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4926 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-188
Author(s):  
JAVIER FRESNEDA ◽  
VALERIA RIZZO ◽  
JORDI COMAS ◽  
IGNACIO RIBERA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
New Material

We redefine the genus Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908 based on a phylogenetic analysis with a combination of mitochondrial and molecular data. We recovered the current Speonomites mengeli (Jeannel, 1910) and S. mercedesi (Zariquiey, 1922) as valid, separate species within the Troglocharinus clade, not directly related to Speonomites Jeannel, 1910, a finding corroborated by a detailed study of the male and female genitalia. In consequence, we reinstate Speonomus mercedesi Zariquiey, 1922 stat. nov. as a valid species, transfer both of them to the genus Troglocharinus, T. mengeli (Jeannel, 1910) comb. nov. and T. mercedesi (Zariquiey, 1922) comb. nov., and redescribe the genus. The study of new material from the distribution area of the former S. mengeli revealed the presence of two undescribed species, T. sendrai sp. nov. and T. fadriquei sp. nov., which we describe herein. We designate the lectotype of Speonomus vinyasi Escolà, 1971 to fix its identity, as among its syntypes there are two different species. In agreement with the results of the phylogenetic analyses we establish the synonymy between the genus Speonomites and Pallaresiella Fresneda, 1998 syn. nv. 

scholarly journals Fungia fungites (Linnaeus, 1758) (Scleractinia, Fungiidae) is a species complex that conceals large phenotypic variation and a previously unrecognized genus

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-209
Author(s):  
Yutaro Oku ◽  
Kenji Iwao ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema ◽  
Naoko Dewa ◽  
Hiroyuki Tachikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences

Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses of scleractinian corals have resulted in the discovery of cryptic lineages. To understand species diversity in corals, these lineages need to be taxonomically defined. In the present study, we report the discovery of a distinct lineage obscured by the traditional morphological variation of Fungia fungites. This taxon exists as two distinct morphs: attached and unattached. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS markers as well as morphological comparisons were performed to clarify their phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic positions. Molecular data revealed that F. fungites consists of two genetically distinct clades (A and B). Clade A is sister to a lineage including Danafungia scruposa and Halomitra pileus, while clade B formed an independent lineage genetically distant from these three species. The two morphs were also found to be included in both clades, although the attached morph was predominantly found in clade A. Morphologically, both clades were statistically different in density of septal dentation, septal number, and septal teeth shape. These results indicate that F. fungites as presently recognized is actually a species complex including at least two species. After checking type specimens, we conclude that specimens in clade A represent true F. fungites with two morphs (unattached and attached) and that all of those in clade B represent an unknown species and genus comprising an unattached morph with only one exception. These findings suggest that more unrecognized taxa with hitherto unnoticed morphological differences can be present among scleractinian corals.

Do skin peptide profiles reflect speciation in the Australian treefrog Litoria caerulea (Anura : Hylidae)?

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Donnellan ◽  
Michael J. Tyler ◽  
Paul Monis ◽  
Adam Barclay ◽  
Anna Medlin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Skin Gland ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
Litoria Caerulea ◽  
Peptide Profiles

Profiles of skin gland peptides of the tree frog Litoria caerulea from Australia show substantial divergence among geographic locations. Indeed, two divergent groups of populations, ‘eastern’ and ‘northern’, are apparent from a phenetic analysis of similarities of skin gland peptide profiles among populations of L. caerulea. We analyse variation in nuclear genes (allozyme frequencies) and the mitochondrial genome (haplotype relationships and frequencies) to test the taxonomic significance of differences apparent among profiles of skin gland peptides. Both molecular genetic data sets identified the same two groups apparent in the profiles of skin gland peptides. However, neither molecular data set, under an evolutionary species concept, provides strong enough evidence to support recognition of these groups as separate species. These data imply that the genetic basis of the inheritance and expression of skin gland peptides requires further characterisation.

Molecular phylogeny and morphological diversity of the Niviventer fulvescens species complex with emphasis on species from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deyan Ge ◽  
Anderson Feijó ◽  
Alexei V Abramov ◽  
Zhixin Wen ◽  
Zhengjia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Distinct Lineage

Abstract The Niviventer fulvescens species complex (NFSC), a group of abundant and taxonomically ambiguous rodent taxa, is distributed from Southeast Asia to south-eastern China. We combined molecular and morphological datasets to clarify the species composition and variation of the NFSC. Our phylogenetic analyses, using molecular data, recovered eight genetic lineages in the NFSC, including a novel, distinct lineage from Jilong, Tibet, China, which is described as a new species, N. fengi sp. nov. The species status of N. fengi is supported by a species delimitation analysis, and it is morphologically distinguished from other members of the NFSC by its greyish dorsal fur, soft hairs covering the whole body and a hairy tail. NFSC species bearing well-developed spines are found at lower elevations. A comprehensive taxonomic revision of the NFSC within China is provided, represented by five species: N. cremoriventer, N. fulvescens, N. huang, N. mekongis comb. nov. and N. fengi. A further study of this species complex, including samples from Southeast Asia, is needed.

Worms in the sand: Systematic revision of the Australian blindsnake Anilios leptosoma (Robb, 1972) species complex (Squamata: Scolecophidia: Typhlopidae) from the Geraldton Sandplain, with description of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4323 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
RYAN J. ELLIS ◽  
PAUL DOUGHTY ◽  
STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN ◽  
JULIE MARIN ◽  
NICOLAS VIDAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Range ◽  
North East ◽  
True Diversity ◽  
Two New Species

The blindsnake genus Anilios (formerly Ramphotyphlops) is the largest and most diverse genus of snakes in Australia with 45 currently recognized species. Recent molecular genetic studies of the genus have identified high levels of cryptic diversity within many taxa, suggesting true species diversity is greatly underestimated. Anilios leptosoma is a slender blindsnake endemic to the mid-west of Western Australia. Although morphological variation has been identified within the species in the past, the systematics and true diversity remained unstudied. Here we use recent molecular data to guide a reappraisal of morphology in order to provide a taxonomic revision of the A. leptosoma species complex. We redescribe A. leptosoma and describe two new species that occur to the south of most of true A. leptosoma’s distribution: A. systenos sp. nov. and A. obtusifrons sp. nov. Anilios systenos sp. nov. is known from the Geraldton region with the furthest record only 100 km to the north-east, a very small range for a species of snake. Anilios obtusifrons sp. nov. has an even smaller distribution, as it is only known from a small coastal area south of Kalbarri and may represent a range-restricted taxa. All species are genetically divergent from each other and can be distinguished by consistent morphological characteristics, including the shape of the snout, the termination point of the rostral cleft and number of mid-body scale rows and ventral scales. 

scholarly journals Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Phylogenetic Analyses of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Brown Blight Disease on Camellia sinensis in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjuan Chen ◽  
Wenjun Qiao ◽  
Liang Zeng ◽  
Dahang Shen ◽  
Zhi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Blight Disease

Brown blight disease caused by Colletotrichum species is a common and serious foliar disease of tea (Camellia sinensis). Fungal isolates from several tea plantations causing typical brown blight symptoms were identified as belonging to the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex and the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological characteristics as well as DNA analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Colletotrichum acutatum, a new causal agent associated with C. sinensis, showed high phenotypic and genotypic diversity compared with the more commonly reported C. gloeosporioides. Phylogenetic analysis derived from individual and combined ITS and GAPDH sequences clearly clustered C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides into separate species. Pathogenicity tests validated that both species were causal agents of tea brown blight disease and were highly pathogenic to tea leaves. However, the two groups of C. gloeosporioides with low levels of variability within their ITS and GAPDH regions differed in their virulence. This study reports for the first time the characterization of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides causing brown blight disease on tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China.

Molecular, chromosomal and morphological characters reveal a new diploid species in the Smilax china complex (Smilacaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunpeng Zhao ◽  
Zhongshuai Sun ◽  
Yihan Wang ◽  
Chengxin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Diploid Population ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The Smilax china complex (Smilacaceae) is a typical mixoploid species complex including five extant diploid taxa with a widespread distribution across eastern Asia. The diploid population (mHB, 2n = 32), which was originally considered to be diploid S. china, together with two newly discovered diploid populations (mZZ and mYXS) is supported here as a distinct species by morphological, karyotypic and molecular data. These three populations present consistent morphological characters of sub-erect stems, rudimentary tendrils and minutely serrulate leaf margins, in which they differ from S. china. Molecular phylogenetic analyses also confirm its monophyly with a closer relationship to the other two erect species S. biflora and S. trinervula in the complex. These three populations are thus proposed to be a clear new diploid species and described with the name of Smilax microdontus Z. S. Sun & C.X. Fu, sp. nov. The discovery of this new species highlights the importance of closer examinations on species complexes by integrating multiple evidence.

Species diversity and toxigenic potential of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex isolates from rice and soybean in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunan Lu ◽  
Jianbo Qiu ◽  
Shufang Wang ◽  
Jianhong Xu ◽  
Guizhen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Population Composition ◽  
Climatic Regions

Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) strains are generally considered moderately virulent to many agricultural crops and produce a variety of mycotoxins, which represent a serious threat to food safety and public health. The occurrence of the FIESC in agricultural crops has been reported in various climatic regions, but detailed information on the species composition and toxigenic ability is rare in China. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were performed with combined sequences of EF-1a and RPB2 of 186 Fusarium isolates obtained from rice and soybean. Twelve species were identified and 156 of the isolates were resolved within the Incarnatum clade of the FIESC. Host influenced the population composition; rice isolates belonged to 12 species, among which FIESC 16, 18, and 24 were predominant; while five species were found among soybean isolates and FIESC 1, 16, and 18 dominated. Forty-three isolates were arbitrarily selected and analyzed for their Tri gene sequences and mycotoxigenic potential. Phylogenetic results based on the combined Tri5, Tri7 and Tri13 sequences were coincident with those from housekeeping markers. Type A and B trichothecenes were the main metabolites. Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) was detected in all strains at varying concentrations. Nivalenol (NIV), 4-acetyl nivalenol (4ANIV), 3-acetyel deoxynivalenol (3ADON), and neosolaniol (NEO) were produced in members of FIESC 1, 3, 7, 8, 15, 16, 17, and 18. Our findings contribute valuable phylogenetic and toxigenic information necessary for the risk evaluation of mycotoxins in agricultural products.

A new hip-pocket frog from mid-eastern Australia (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Assa)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5057 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-486
Author(s):  
MICHAEL J. MAHONY ◽  
HARRY B. HINES ◽  
STEPHEN V. MAHONY ◽  
BEDE MOSES ◽  
SARAH R. CATALANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Conservation Assessment ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Eastern Australia

The hip-pocket frog (Assa darlingtoni), a small terrestrial myobatrachid frog found in mid-eastern Australia, has a highly derived, unusual, reproductive mode involving a unique form of male parental care. Males have subcutaneous pouches that open near the hip, and the developing tadpoles are carried in these pouches to post metamorphosis. It is found on several isolated mountain ranges in closed forest habitats, associated with high rainfall and temperate or sub-tropical climates. We established genetic relationships among specimens sampled across the range using phylogenetic analyses of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the nuclear genome and mitochondrial ND2 gene nucleotide sequences. These analyses uncovered two lineages that are genetically distinct in both nDNA and mtDNA analyses and that have low levels of divergence in male advertisement calls and are morphologically cryptic. Our data support separate species status for each lineage, based on the molecular genetic data. The first, which we name as a new species, Assa wollumbin sp. nov., is restricted to a single mountain, Wollumbin (= Mount Warning), the eroded cone of an ancient shield volcano—the Tweed Volcano. The second, the nominal species A. darlingtoni, has a wider distribution in five geographically disjunct subpopulations along 430 km of the Great Dividing Range in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales. The distributions of the two species closely approach within 15 km of each other on the central plug and rim of the caldera of the Tweed Volcano. Assa wollumbin sp. nov. meets the conservation criteria for Critically Endangered [A3(e), B2(a,b)]. When all subpopulations of A. darlingtoni are combined the conservation assessment is Endangered [A3(e), B2(a,b)]. Because of the fragmented nature of the distribution of A. darlingtoni, combined with the genetic evidence of concordant sub-structuring, we also conducted a conservation assessment on the five subpopulations. Two were assessed as Critically Endangered (D’Aguilar Range and Conondale/Blackall Ranges), and the remainder as Endangered (Dorrigo Plateau, McPherson Ranges, and Gibraltar Ranges/Washpool).  

Phylogenetic analysis of Gyrodactylus spp. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) using ribosomal DNA sequences

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1439-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cable ◽  
P D Harris ◽  
R C Tinsley ◽  
C M Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Complete Sequences

Species of the viviparous monogenean genus Gyrodactylus are difficult to identify morphologically and relationships within the genus are unclear. Partial or complete sequences were obtained for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS-1 and ITS-2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of 11 Gyrodactylus species (G. kobayashii, G. gurleyi, G. pungitii, G. rogatensis, G. gasterostei, G. derjavini, G. salaris, G. rarus, G. turnbulli, G. bullatarudis, and G. arcuatus) and the related Gyrdicotylus gallieni. Phylogenetic analyses (parsimony, distance, and maximum likelihood) separated species of the Gyrodactylus wageneri species-group (with a long ITS-1) from those of the Gyrodactylus eucaliae and G. arcuatus species-groups (with a short ITS-1). This subdivision into species with a long (610-630 base pairs (bp)) or short (300-500 bp) ITS-1 was also apparent with 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2 data. No support could be found for the hypothesis that G. salaris is a member of a separate species group, as this species clustered within the G. wageneri group. The morphologically homogeneous G. wageneri group was subdivided by our molecular data into five species that infect cottids, gasterosteids, and salmonids and two species that infect cyprinid fishes. Overall, the ITS-2, combined with the 5.8S rDNA (an alignment of 668 bp), appeared to be the most informative indicator of phylogenetic relationships within the genus Gyrodactylus. The potential importance of this technique for future gyrodactylid systematics is discussed.

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