scholarly journals Whole Genome Classification and Phylogenetic Analyses of Rotavirus B strains from the United States

Pathogens ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Shepherd ◽  
Diana Herrera-Ibata ◽  
Elizabeth Porter ◽  
Nitipong Homwong ◽  
Richard Hesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Pairwise Identity ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major etiological agent of acute viral gastroenteritis in humans and young animals, with rotavirus B (RVB) often detected in suckling and weaned pigs. Group A rotavirus classification is currently based on the two outer capsid proteins, VP7 and VP4, and the middle layer protein, VP6. Using RVB strains generated in this study and reference sequences from GenBank, pairwise identity frequency graphs and phylogenetic trees were constructed for the eleven gene segments of RVB to estimate the nucleotide identity cutoff values for different genotypes and determine the genotype diversity per gene segment. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1–VP3, and NSP1–NSP5 identified 26G, 5P, 13I, 5R, 5C, 5M, 8A, 10N, 6T, 4E, and 7H genotypes, respectively. The analysis supports the previously proposed cutoff values for the VP7, VP6, NSP1, and NSP3 gene segments (80%, 81%, 76% and 78%, respectively) and suggests new cutoff values for the VP4, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP2, NSP4, and NSP5 (80%, 78%, 79%, 77% 83%, 76%, and 79%, respectively). Reassortment events were detected between the porcine RVB strains from our study. This research describes the genome constellations for the complete genome of Group B rotaviruses in different host species.

scholarly journals Unbiased whole-genome deep sequencing of human and porcine stool samples reveals circulation of multiple groups of rotaviruses and a putative zoonotic infection

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
My VT Phan ◽  
Pham Hong Anh ◽  
Nguyen Van Cuong ◽  
Bas B. Oude Munnink ◽  
Lia van der Hoek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Human Patient ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
Genotype Constellation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Group B

AbstractCoordinated and synchronous virological surveillance for zoonotic viruses in both human clinical cases and animal reservoirs provides an opportunity to identify interspecies virus movement. Rotavirus is an important cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. We have documented the rotavirus diversity within co-located humans and animals sampled from the Mekong delta region of Vietnam using a primer-independent, agnostic, deep sequencing approach. A total of 296 stool samples (146 from diarrhoeal human patients and 150 from pigs living in the same geographical region) were directly sequenced, generating the genomic sequences of 60 human rotaviruses (all group A) and 31 porcine rotaviruses (13 group A, 7 group B, 6 group C and 5 group H). Phylogenetic analyses showed the co-circulation of multiple distinct rotavirus group A (RVA) genotypes/strains, many of which were divergent from the strain components of licensed RVA vaccines, as well as considerable virus diversity in pigs including full genomes of rotaviruses in groups B, C and H, none of which have been previously reported in Vietnam. Furthermore the detection of an atypical RVA genotype constellation (G4-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T7-E1-H1) in a human patient and a pig from the same region provides some evidence for a zoonotic event

Is Gastrectomy Safe in the Elderly? A Single Institution Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric S. Hager ◽  
Hamid Abdollahi ◽  
Albert G. Crawford ◽  
Neil Moudgill ◽  
Ernest L. Rosato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Gastric Resection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The population of the United States is aging. Studies within the last several years have demonstrated that major abdominal operations in elderly patients can be done safely, but with increased rates of complications. We set out to determine the rates of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing gastric resection at a tertiary care university hospital. A retrospective analysis was performed of 157 consecutive gastric resections between January 1998 and July 2007. Group A (n = 99) consisted of patients < 75-years-old at surgery, whereas group B (n = 58) included patients who were ≥ 75 years of age at time of surgery. These two groups had their clinical and demographic data analyzed. Postoperative length of hospital stay, perioperative major morbidity, and in-hospital mortality were analyzed using analysis of variance, χ2, and multivariate analyses. The average age of patients in group A was 57 years, compared with 81 years in group B. We found no significant difference in the percentage of gastric resections for malignancy (group A, 49% vs group B, 62%) or emergency surgery (group A, 10% vs group B, 10%) between age groups. There was a significant increase in length of stay in the older patients (11.7 days vs 17.6 days; P = 0.032), as well as major complications (11.1% in group A vs 27.6% in group B; P = 0.008). The in-hospital mortality rates approached significance (group A, 4% vs group B, 12%; P = 0.057). Gastric resection in elderly patients carries with it longer hospital stays, higher risk of complications, and in-hospital mortality rates despite similarity in patient disease. This information is imperative to convey to the elderly patients in the preoperative period before gastric resection.

scholarly journals Emergence of Prochloraz-Resistant Populations of Calonectria pauciramosa and Calonectria polizzii in Ornamental Nurseries of Southern Italy

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimiro Guarnaccia ◽  
Dalia Aiello ◽  
Giancarlo Polizzi ◽  
Giancarlo Perrone ◽  
Gaetano Stea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽  
Benzimidazole Carbamates ◽  
Group B ◽  
Translation Elongation Factor 1Α

Management of Calonectria spp. infections in nurseries requires scheduled fungicide applications, particularly with methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBCs) and sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Due to rising concerns about the occurrence of MBC resistance in different Calonectria populations and variability in prochloraz efficacy in controlling these pathogens, a detailed study on prochloraz sensitivity distributions of Calonectria isolates belonging to the Calonectria scoparia complex was carried out. In total, 105 isolates collected in two distinct periods (1993 to 1996 and 2005 to 2009) were analyzed for prochloraz sensitivity. Based on DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of β-tubulin, histone H3, and translation elongation factor-1α gene sequences, 69 and 36 isolates were identified as C. pauciramosa and C. polizzii, respectively. The isolates collected more recently (group B) had a reduced prochloraz sensitivity, as indicated by greater values for the effective dose to reduce growth by 50% than those collected earlier (group A). The reduced sensitivity detected in vitro corresponded to partial loss of fungicide efficacy in controlling infections in red clover and feijoa under controlled and semi-field conditions, respectively. Frequent prochloraz application in nurseries for controlling Calonectria spp. infections is discouraged.

Does a Fracture Liaison Service Program Minimize Recurrent Fragility Fractures in the Elderly With Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures?

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarik Wasfie ◽  
Avery M Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fracture Liaison Service ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
P Value ◽  
Compression Fractures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fracture Liaison

Abstract INTRODUCTION There is a sizable proportion of elderly, both men and women, with fragility fractures, approximately 2 million fractures per year in the United States. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 365 patient presented between January 2012 and December 2017 with vertebral compression fractures. Prepost study design to determine refracture between group A (before Fracture Liaison Service (FLS)) and group B, after calcium, vitamin D, DEXA scans, FRAX scores, and refracture rates were measured. RESULTS Mean age for group A and B were 79.0 and 74.9 yr, respectively, and predominantly females. Serum calcium was higher in group B (9.51 mg/DL) but not significan (P = .19). Fracture score among the groups was similar (20% vs 22%; P = .44). The total refracture rate for both vertebral and other fracture was significantly less in the post FLS patients, 36.5% vs 56% P-value = .01. CONCLUSION FLS program benefited patients with fragility fractures by decreasing the incidence of all refracture rates.

St. Louis encephalitis virus infection of a mosquito vector

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 312-313
Author(s):  
Sylvia G. Whitfield ◽  
Frederick A. Murphy ◽  
W. Daniel Sudia
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Plasma Viremia ◽  
Equine Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The course of arbovirus infections in the arthropods necessary for their transmission in nature has been studied extensively, but in only a few instances at the ultrastructural level. In the present study a model system was established for the infection of Culex mosquitoes with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus (arbovirus group B ), the most important mosquito-bome disease in the United States. Results were compared with those of a previous study of Eastern equine encephalitis virus (arbovirus group A) in Aedes mosquitoes (this Proceedings, 1969, pp. 378-379) since differences in sites of maturation in mammalian cells have been found between the two groups.Culex pipiens mosquitoes were infected by feeding upon suckling mice infected with SLE virus (plasma viremia titer 105.4 SMLD50/ml). Mosquitoes were then held at 27°C; they were tested for capacity to transmit virus via bite, and specimens of salivary glands and other organs were collected at 18 intervals during 32 days.

scholarly journals Relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and Ph nose and salivary: proposal of a simple method outpatient in patients adults

Open Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Armone Caruso ◽  
Salvatore Del Prete ◽  
Lydia Ferrara ◽  
Raffaele Serra ◽  
Donato Alessandro Telesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

AbstractIntroductionThe frequency of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing, in part through easy inspection of the upper digestive tract, but especially for a real spread of the disease as a consequence of modernity, lifestyle, incorrect dietary rules, and stress arising from social norms. It is a common chronic gastrointestinal disorder in Europe and the United States.Materials and methodsThe aim of our study is to highlight a relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and salivary pH as evidenced by indicator strips, especially in the outpatient field. Twenty adult subjects (10 males and 10 females) aged between 18 and 50 years (GROUP A)_ were selected. How to control a homogeneous group of 20 patients without GERD, or from any type of allergies (GROUP B) was enlisted.ResultsThis method has provided excellent results showing no difference in the measured values compared with the traditional instrumental measurement.ConclusionOur study has allowed us to observe a strong correlation between the saliva pH, nasal cavities and the interaction between the two districts, and could be the basis for a diagnosis of GERD especially in primary health care clinics and in the initial stage of the disease.

scholarly journals Splinting in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: The Optimal Duration

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (11-12) ◽  
pp. e2049-e2054
Author(s):  
Michele A Gatheridge ◽  
Elsa A Sholty ◽  
Alexander Inman ◽  
Meghan Pattillo ◽  
Frank Mindrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Carpal Tunnel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Group B ◽  
Wrist Splint

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate optimal neutral wrist splint duration in treatment-naive mild and mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Neutral wrist splinting is a conservative treatment for CTS; however, no clear guidelines exist for how long splinting should be prescribed for optimal outcomes. Materials and Methods In this prospective clinical trial subjects were assigned to wear a neutral wrist splint for 6 (group A) or 12 weeks (group B). Symptom and functional outcomes were assessed by questionnaire at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. Median nerve sensory and motor latencies were recorded at baseline and 12 weeks. Pretreatment, midtreatment, and posttreatment measures were compared within and between treatment groups where applicable. This study was approved by the United States Air Force Academy institutional review board. Results A total of 30 subjects (37 hands) were randomized to 2 treatment groups. Mean symptom severity and median sensory peak latency significantly improved in both groups at 12 weeks, without a significant difference between groups. Mean functional severity significantly improved only in group A. Conclusion Neutral wrist splint for 6 weeks resulted in better clinical improvements in patients with untreated mild and mild to moderate CTS. There was no additional benefit in extending splinting 6 additional weeks. This is the first study to compare duration of wrist splint use beyond 8 weeks. A larger sample size is needed to identify the reason for lack of functional improvement in group B. Long-term follow-up of this cohort will be helpful to determine the natural history of initial wrist splint use.

scholarly journals Functional Characterization of a L-2-Haloacid Dehalogenase From Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT Suggests a Role in Haloacetic Acid Catabolism and a Wide Distribution in Marine Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénie Grigorian ◽  
Agnès Groisillier ◽  
François Thomas ◽  
Catherine Leblanc ◽  
Ludovic Delage
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

L-2-halocid dehalogenases (L-2-HADs) have been mainly characterized from terrestrial polluted environments. By contrast, knowledge is still scarce about their role in detoxification of predominant halocarbons in marine environments. Here, phylogenetic analyses showed a wide diversity of homologous L-2-HADs, especially among those belonging to marine bacteria. Previously characterized terrestrial L-2-HADs were part of a monophyletic group (named group A) including proteins of terrestrial and marine origin. Another branch (named group B) contained mostly marine L-2-HADs, with two distinct clades of Bacteroidetes homologs, closely linked to Proteobacteria ones. This study further focused on the characterization of the only L-2-HAD from the flavobacterium Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT (ZgHAD), belonging to one of these Group B clades. The recombinant ZgHAD was shown to dehalogenate bromo- and iodoacetic acids, and gene knockout in Z. galactanivorans revealed a direct role of ZgHAD in tolerance against both haloacetic acids. Analyses of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets confirmed that L-2-HADs from group A were well-represented in terrestrial and marine bacteria, whereas ZgHAD homologs (group B L-2-HADs) were mainly present in marine bacteria, and particularly in host-associated species. Our results suggest that ZgHAD homologs could be key enzymes for marine Bacteroidetes, by conferring selective advantage for the recycling of toxic halogen compounds produced in particular marine habitats, and especially during interactions with macroalgae.

scholarly journals Mets and oscillating energy manual therapy in chronic lateral epicondylosis: a comparative study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1914-1919
Author(s):  
Rayees Unnisa ◽  
N. Sivajyothi ◽  
G.Yatheendra kumar ◽  
M.A Wajid Ur Rahman ◽  
Imaduddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Manual Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Muscle Energy Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
Muscle Energy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lateral Epicondylosis

Lateral Epicondylitis (LT) term was used previously thinking that it as an inflammatory condition, but it is tendinosis of Common extensor tendons of the forearm due to overuse. The incidence of the condition is about 4000 - 7000 per year in the general population in the United States. Conventional treatments practiced on the concept of inflammation have shown forty to eighty percent of unsuccessful results. Individuals with lateral epicondylosis may have symptoms like pain during activity, weakness, swelling and functional disability. The primary objective of the study is to find out the effectiveness of oscillating energy manual therapy (OEMT) compared with muscle energy technique (MET) on functional outcome in subjects with lateral epicondylosis. Total of 30 subjects with unilateral lateral epicondylosis was selected and was divided into two groups of 15 each in a group. Group A (received oscillating energy manual therapy) and Group B (received muscle energy technique). NRS (Numerical Rating Scale), Grip Strength and PRTEE (Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation) scale were measured pre and post-treatment for both the groups and also at follow up of the sixth week. Muscle energy technique group showed improvement in pain levels, muscle strength and functional activities. The statistical analysis demonstrated that results were more significant in group B at 4th week and also at follow up with a mean difference of (2.3) for NRS, (57.4) for PRTEE and (5.9) for grip strength than group A.

PAIIN (Precise Analgesic Instructions Improve Narcotic Usage): A Randomized Trial

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan Erz ◽  
Brandon Larson ◽  
Shayda Mirhaidari ◽  
Chad Cook ◽  
Doug Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Breast Reduction Surgery ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
New Strategies

Abstract Background Given the ongoing battle with opioid abuse and over-use in the United States new strategies are consistently being implemented in an attempt to reduce opioid use and over prescribing. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if a more regulated explicit pain management instruction plan could reduce the number of opioids taken. Methods Blinded randomized prospective study comparing a total of 110 (Group A=55, Group B=55) women undergoing elective outpatient bilateral breast reduction surgery by two different plastic surgeons. Patients were randomly divided into either Group A (control) that received general pain management instructions or Group B (experimental) that received explicit pain management instructions from the surgeons and nurses. Participants were asked to record the number of times they treated their pain with each separate modality. They were also asked to record their average daily pain scale for the days that they were treating their pain. Results Patients in group B took on average 1.5 oxycodone while patients in group A took on average 5.7 oxycodone (p&lt;0.01). Thirty-four patients in group B took no oxycodone. Patients in group B also had statistically significant lower subjective pain scores. Conclusions Based on these results it appears that standardizing how patients are instructed to treat their pain post-operatively may reduce the number of narcotics needed, thus reducing the number of narcotics prescribed without compromising pain control.

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