scholarly journals Evolution and Divergence of H3N8 Equine Influenza Viruses Circulating in the United Kingdom from 2013 to 2015

Pathogens ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rash ◽  
Rachel Morton ◽  
Alana Woodward ◽  
Olivia Maes ◽  
John McCauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
The United Kingdom

The outbreak of equine influenza (H3N8) in the United Kingdom in 1989: diagnostic use of an antigen capture ELISA

1993 ◽  
Vol 133 (21) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Livesay ◽  
T. O'Neill ◽  
D. Hannant ◽  
M. Yadav ◽  
J. Mumford
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Capture Elisa ◽  
Diagnostic Use ◽  
Antigen Capture Elisa ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Antigen Capture

Equine influenza in the United Kingdom in 1998

1999 ◽  
Vol 145 (16) ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Newton ◽  
K. Verheyen ◽  
J. L. N. Wood ◽  
P. J. Yates ◽  
J. A. Mumford
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals End of season influenza vaccine effectiveness in adults and children in the United Kingdom in 2017/18

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pebody ◽  
Abdelmajid Djennad ◽  
Joanna Ellis ◽  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Diogo F P Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Negative Case

Background In the United Kingdom (UK), in recent influenza seasons, children are offered a quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4), and eligible adults mainly trivalent inactivated vaccine (TIV). Aim To estimate the UK end-of-season 2017/18 adjusted vaccine effectiveness (aVE) and the seroprevalence in England of antibodies against influenza viruses cultured in eggs or tissue. Methods This observational study employed the test-negative case–control approach to estimate aVE in primary care. The population-based seroprevalence survey used residual age-stratified samples. Results Influenza viruses A(H3N2) (particularly subgroup 3C.2a2) and B (mainly B/Yamagata/16/88-lineage, similar to the quadrivalent vaccine B-virus component but mismatched to TIV) dominated. All-age aVE was 15% (95% confidence interval (CI): −6.3 to 32) against all influenza; −16.4% (95% CI: −59.3 to 14.9) against A(H3N2); 24.7% (95% CI: 1.1 to 42.7) against B and 66.3% (95% CI: 33.4 to 82.9) against A(H1N1)pdm09. For 2–17 year olds, LAIV4 aVE was 26.9% (95% CI: −32.6 to 59.7) against all influenza; −75.5% (95% CI: −289.6 to 21) against A(H3N2); 60.8% (95% CI: 8.2 to 83.3) against B and 90.3% (95% CI: 16.4 to 98.9) against A(H1N1)pdm09. For ≥ 18 year olds, TIV aVE against influenza B was 1.9% (95% CI: −63.6 to 41.2). The 2017 seroprevalence of antibody recognising tissue-grown A(H3N2) virus was significantly lower than that recognising egg-grown virus in all groups except 15–24 year olds. Conclusions Overall aVE was low driven by no effectiveness against A(H3N2) possibly related to vaccine virus egg-adaption and a new A(H3N2) subgroup emergence. The TIV was not effective against influenza B. LAIV4 against influenza B and A(H1N1)pdm09 was effective.

Efficacy of a recombinant equine influenza vaccine against challenge with an American lineage H3N8 influenza virus responsible for the 2003 outbreak in the United Kingdom

2005 ◽  
Vol 156 (12) ◽  
pp. 367-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Edlund Toulemonde ◽  
J. Daly ◽  
T. Sindle ◽  
P. M. Guigal ◽  
J. C. Audonnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals The laboratory surveillance of influenza epidemics in the United Kingdom 1968–1976

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite S. Pereira ◽  
Pratima Chakraverty
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Influenza Surveillance ◽  
Sickness Benefit ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

SUMMARYThe extensive laboratory investigations of respiratory disease in the U.K. over many years have demonstrated the frequency with which influenza viruses, both A and B, are found each winter. Only rarely are none isolated.These findings correlate well with other indicators of influenza such as increases in sickness benefit claims and in deaths attributed to influenza and pneumonia.However, outside these demonstrable peaks of incidence influenza viruses have been found to circulate over considerably longer periods often first appearing as early as November and continuing through to April or even May. But there has been no regular or predictablepattern determined.The period of 1968–76 has seen a series of differently developing influenza winter epidemics caused by a series of the H3N2 virus. The contributions of virus isolation and serology to influenza surveillance is discussed.

A comparison of the United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test (UK-CAT) with a traditional admission selection process

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan Fernando ◽  
Gordon Prescott ◽  
Jennifer Cleland ◽  
Kathryn Greaves ◽  
Hamish McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Aptitude Test ◽  
The United Kingdom

Research on Schizophrenia: A View From the United Kingdom

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 800-801
Author(s):  
Michael F. Pogue-Geile
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United Kingdom
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