Temporal Study of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Fluff Samples from Ontario Poultry Hatcheries between 2009 and 2018

Carolyn E. Murray; Csaba Varga; Rachel Ouckama; Michele T. Guerin

doi:10.3390/pathogens11010009

Temporal Study of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Fluff Samples from Ontario Poultry Hatcheries between 2009 and 2018

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens11010009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Carolyn E. Murray ◽

Csaba Varga ◽

Rachel Ouckama ◽

Michele T. Guerin

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Health Concern ◽

Scan Statistic ◽

Control Programs ◽

Game Bird ◽

Temporal Study ◽

Multi Level ◽

And Control

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, temporal trends, seasonal patterns, and temporal clustering of Salmonella enterica isolated from fluff samples from poultry hatcheries in Ontario between 2009 and 2018. A scan statistic was used to identify clusters of common serovars and those of human health concern. A multi-level logistic regression model was used to identify factors (poultry commodity, year, season) associated with S. enterica presence. The period prevalence of S. enterica was 7.5% in broiler hatcheries, 1.6% in layer hatcheries, 7.6% in turkey hatcheries, 29.7% in waterfowl hatcheries, and 13.8% in game-bird hatcheries. An overall increasing trend in S. enterica prevalence was identified in waterfowl and game-bird hatcheries, while a decreasing trend was identified in broiler and turkey hatcheries. Overall, the most common S. enterica serovars were Kentucky, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, and Senftenberg. Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis was the most common serovar in waterfowl hatcheries. Temporal clusters were identified for all poultry commodities. Seasonal effects varied by commodity, with the highest odds of S. enterica occurring in the summer and fall. Our study offers information on the prevalence and temporality of S. enterica serovars that might guide prevention and control programs at the hatchery level.

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Regional variations and time trends of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Brazil

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268813003403 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 142 (10) ◽

pp. 2166-2171 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. L. PINTO ◽

A. I. DE SOUSA ◽

E. R. S. DE LEMOS

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Health Concern ◽

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ◽

Disease Notification ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Notification System ◽

And Control

SUMMARYHantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a zoonosis and a public health concern in the Americas due to its high fatality rate. Since the first cases were identified in USA in 1993, HPS has been observed over a wide area of the American continents. Over 1600 HPS cases have been confirmed in Brazil since 1993, and different genotypes of hantavirus have been identified in several biomes in this country of continental dimensions. We performed a retrospective study of data from 2001 to 2011 that encompassed all notified cases of HPS in the National Disease Notification System (SINAN) of Brazil to determine the regional differences and temporal trends of the disease. During the study period, 1486 cases were reported, and analyses of the temporal trends of the disease revealed that the number of cases in Brazil increased over this period (P < 0·01). The frequency distributions of the cases stratified by region revealed different patterns of seasonality; however, these patterns were not statistically significant with the exception of the South region (P < 0·05). We found regional differences in the occurrence of the disease throughout the year and a trend towards an increasing number of cases. These findings reinforce the necessity of adjusting surveillance tools and control policies to respond effectively to this public health problem.

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A Legionnaires’ Disease Cluster in a Private Building in Italy

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18136922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (13) ◽

pp. 6922

Author(s):

Maria Luisa Ricci ◽

Maria Cristina Rota ◽

Maria Grazia Caporali ◽

Antonietta Girolamo ◽

Maria Scaturro

Keyword(s):

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Control Measures ◽

Health Concern ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Legionnaires Disease ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

Private Homes ◽

And Control

Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is a severe pneumonia caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. This is a major public health concern and infections are steadily increasing worldwide. Several sources of infection have been identified, but they have not always been linked to human isolates by molecular match. The well-known Legionella contamination of private homes has rarely been associated with the acquisition of the disease, although some patients never left their homes during the incubation period. This study demonstrated by genomic matching between clinical and environmental Legionella isolates that the source of an LD cluster was a private building. Monoclonal antibodies and sequence-based typing were used to type the isolates, and the results clearly demonstrated the molecular relationship between the strains highlighting the risk of contracting LD at home. To contain this risk, the new European directive on the quality of water intended for human consumption has introduced for the first time Legionella as a microbiological parameter to be investigated in domestic water systems. This should lead to a greater attention to prevention and control measures for domestic Legionella contamination and, consequently, to a possible reduction in community acquired LD cases.

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Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella enterica Serovars Isolated from Chicken at Wet Markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9050952 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 952

Author(s):

Nure Alam Siddiky ◽

Md Samun Sarker ◽

Md. Shahidur Rahman Khan ◽

Ruhena Begum ◽

Md. Ehsanul Kabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Health Concern ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Native Chicken ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Research Findings ◽

Native Chickens

Virulent and multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonellaenterica is a foremost cause of foodborne diseases and had serious public health concern globally. The present study was undertaken to identify the pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of Salmonellaenterica serovars recovered from chicken at wet markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 870 cecal contents of broiler, sonali, and native chickens were collected from 29 wet markets. The overall prevalence of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and untyped Salmonella spp., were found to be 3.67%, 0.57%, and 1.95% respectively. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for eight virulence genes, namely invA, agfA, IpfA, hilA, sivH, sefA, sopE, and spvC. S. Enteritidis isolates carried all virulence genes whilst S. Typhimurium isolates carried six virulence genes except sefA and spvC. A diverse phenotypic and genotypic AMR pattern was found. Harmonic descending trends of resistance patterns were observed among the broiler, sonali, and native chickens. Interestingly, virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica serovars were found in native chicken, although antimicrobials were not used in their production cycle. The research findings anticipate that virulent and MDR Salmonella enterica are roaming in the wet markets which can easily anchor to the vendor, consumers, and in the food chain.

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The Next Normal for Marketing — The Dynamics of a Pandemic, Provisioning Systems, and the Changing Patterns of Daily Life

Australasian Marketing Journal ◽

10.1177/1839334921998514 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 4-14

Author(s):

Roger A. Layton ◽

Christine Domegan

Keyword(s):

Daily Life ◽

Social Mechanisms ◽

Individual Values ◽

Public And Private ◽

Supply Networks ◽

Edge Of Chaos ◽

Self Organized ◽

Changing Patterns ◽

Multi Level ◽

And Control

Pandemics, climate warming, growing inequality, and much more bring crises that change the patterns of daily life in human communities, directly impacting the provisioning systems that form in a community to meet the needs and wants of individuals, groups, and entities for goods, services, experiences, ideas. Provisioning systems sometimes begin as leadership initiated top-down, authoritarian prescriptive supply networks, public and private. Sometimes, they originate as bottom-up, self-organized, innovative, open choice, often informal, exchange based networks, and mostly, over time, they emerge as untidy self-organized multi-level diverse assemblages of both. The diversity of provisioning systems in a community enables crisis resilience, but limits efficiency and control. The provisioning systems that form in these ways are complex, multi-level, non-linear evolutionary systems, often unpredictable, and lacking direction. Balancing a desire for stability and an appetite for diversity, innovation, and change in shaping a provisioning system is like walking a narrow corridor on the edge of chaos. Achieving balance, avoiding slipping into chaos, rests on the management of a set of complex social mechanisms. These embrace delivery mechanisms where value is produced and consumed through complex infrastructures; stakeholder action fields where trust, collaboration, cooperation, compromise, competition, or conflict are in play; technology evolution mechanisms where innovation and the recombination of existing technologies occur at all levels; and value exchange fields where community and individual values shift in response to crisis and change. Recovery from crisis is not an event, it is a complex, continuing process, often unpredictable, often unequal in outcomes, but walking a narrow corridor is episodic, uncertain and in the end possible. This is the next normal for marketing.

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Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004−2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6030115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Jaruwan Viroj ◽

Julien Claude ◽

Claire Lajaunie ◽

Julien Cappelle ◽

Anamika Kritiyakan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Animal Health ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Health Concern ◽

Intersectoral Collaboration ◽

The Public ◽

Additive Modeling ◽

The One ◽

And Control ◽

Northeastern Thailand

Leptospirosis has been recognized as a major public health concern in Thailand following dramatic outbreaks. We analyzed human leptospirosis incidence between 2004 and 2014 in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand, in order to identify the agronomical and environmental factors likely to explain incidence at the level of 133 sub-districts and 1,982 villages of the province. We performed general additive modeling (GAM) in order to take the spatial-temporal epidemiological dynamics into account. The results of GAM analyses showed that the average slope, population size, pig density, cow density and flood cover were significantly associated with leptospirosis occurrence in a district. Our results stress the importance of livestock favoring leptospirosis transmission to humans and suggest that prevention and control of leptospirosis need strong intersectoral collaboration between the public health, the livestock department and local communities. More specifically, such collaboration should integrate leptospirosis surveillance in both public and animal health for a better control of diseases in livestock while promoting public health prevention as encouraged by the One Health approach.

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Real time surveillance of COVID-19 space and time clusters during the summer 2020 in Spain

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10961-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nicolás Rosillo ◽

Javier Del-Águila-Mejía ◽

Ayelén Rojas-Benedicto ◽

María Guerrero-Vadillo ◽

Marina Peñuelas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Scan Statistic ◽

Cluster Aggregation ◽

Space And Time ◽

Spatial Trends ◽

Community Transmission ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Set Up ◽

And Control ◽

Time Scan

Abstract Background On June 21st de-escalation measures and state-of-alarm ended in Spain after the COVID-19 first wave. New surveillance and control strategy was set up to detect emerging outbreaks. Aim To detect and describe the evolution of COVID-19 clusters and cases during the 2020 summer in Spain. Methods A near-real time surveillance system to detect active clusters of COVID-19 was developed based on Kulldorf’s prospective space-time scan statistic (STSS) to detect daily emerging active clusters. Results Analyses were performed daily during the summer 2020 (June 21st – August 31st) in Spain, showing an increase of active clusters and municipalities affected. Spread happened in the study period from a few, low-cases, regional-located clusters in June to a nationwide distribution of bigger clusters encompassing a higher average number of municipalities and total cases by end-August. Conclusion STSS-based surveillance of COVID-19 can be of utility in a low-incidence scenario to help tackle emerging outbreaks that could potentially drive a widespread transmission. If that happens, spatial trends and disease distribution can be followed with this method. Finally, cluster aggregation in space and time, as observed in our results, could suggest the occurrence of community transmission.

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The Use of Scan Statistics and Control Charts in Assessing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Quality Control Programs

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1260/2040-2295.1.4.579 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 579-593

Author(s):

Brian Nathanson ◽

Thomas Higgins

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Control Charts ◽

Scan Statistics ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Control Programs ◽

And Control

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The Construction of Engineering Projects Environmental Performance Auditing

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.2045 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 834-836 ◽

pp. 2045-2048

Author(s):

Xiao Ning Qu

Keyword(s):

Environmental Performance ◽

Internal Audit ◽

Engineering Project ◽

Whole Process ◽

Social Audit ◽

Multi Level ◽

Performance Auditing ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Engineering Projects

The Environmental performance auditing is one professional audit that auditing the environmental performance of engineering project. We construct a multi-level auditing network in the whole process of project. That network can be divided into government audit, social audit and internal audit. And with which we predict, evaluate and control the impact on environmental effectively.

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