scholarly journals Characterisation of Macrophage Polarisation in Mice Infected with Ninoa Strain of Trypanosoma cruzi

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1444
Author(s):  
Dunia M. Medina-Buelvas ◽  
Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
Libia Vega
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Cellular Infiltrate ◽  
Macrophage Polarisation ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Macrophages (MΦ) play a key role in the development of the protective immune response against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. To determine the role of MΦ subtypes M1 and M2 in the development of immunity against the Mexican strain of T. cruzi (Ninoa strain), we have analysed in a time course the infection and characterised the M1 and M2 subtypes in two mouse models, BALB/c and C57BL/6. After infection, BALB/c mice developed an increased blood parasite load and the parasites were cleared from the blood one week later than in C57BL/6 mice. However, similar cellular infiltrate and cardiac alterations were observed between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. At 36 days, the T. cruzi infection differentially modulated the expression of immune cells, and both the BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice significantly reduced TCD4+ cells. However, BALB/c mice produced significantly more TCD8+ than C57BL/6 mice in the spleen and lymph nodes. Furthermore, BALB/c mice produce significantly more MΦ in the spleen, while C57BL/6 produce similar levels to uninfected mice. The M1 MΦ ratio increased significantly at 3–5 days post-infection (dpi), but then decreased slightly. On the contrary, the M2 MΦ were low at the beginning of the infection, but the proportion of M1 and M2 MΦ at 36 dpi was similar. Importantly, the MΦ subtypes M2c and M2d significantly increased the induction of tissue repair by the end of the acute phase of the infection. These results indicate that the Ninoa strain has developed strategies to modulate the immune response, with fine differences depending on the genetic background of the host.

Dynamics of T Cells Repertoire During Trypanosoma cruzi Infection and its Post-Treatment Modulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 6519-6543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Egui ◽  
Paola Lasso ◽  
Elena Pérez-Antón ◽  
M. Carmen Thomas ◽  
Manuel Carlos López
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Chronic Patients ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Chagas disease courses with different clinical phases and has a variable clinical presentation and progression. The acute infection phase mostly exhibits a non-specific symptomatology. In the absence of treatment, the acute phase is followed by a chronic phase, which is initially asymptomatic. This chronic asymptomatic phase of the disease is characterized by a fragile balance between the host’s immune response and the parasite replication. The loss of this balance is crucial for the progression of the sickness. The virulence and tropism of the T. cruzi infecting strain together to the inflammation processes in the cardiac tissue are the main factors for the establishment and severity of the cardiomyopathy. The efficacy of treatment in chronic Chagas disease patients is controversial. However, several studies carried out in chronic patients demonstrated that antiparasitic treatment reduces parasite load in the bloodstream and leads to an improvement in the immune response against the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite. The present review is mainly focused on the cellular patterns associated to the clinical status and the evolution of the disease in chronic patients, as well as the effectiveness of the treatment related to T. cruzi infection control. Therefore, an emphasis is placed on the dynamics of specific-antigens T cell subpopulations, their memory and activation phenotypes, their functionality and their contribution to pathogenesis or disease control, as well as their association with risk of congenital transmission of the parasite.

scholarly journals Absence of Bim sensitizes mice to experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Hernández-Torres ◽  
Rogério Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Monica Cardozo Rebouças ◽  
Alexandra Cassado ◽  
Kely Catarine Matteucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
No Production ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Ifn Γ

AbstractChagas disease is a life-threatening disorder caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Parasite-specific antibodies, CD8+ T cells, as well as IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) are key elements of the adaptive and innate immunity against the extracellular and intracellular forms of the parasite. Bim is a potent pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family implicated in different aspects of the immune regulation, such as negative selection of self-reactive thymocytes and elimination of antigen-specific T cells at the end of an immune response. Interestingly, the role of Bim during infections remains largely unidentified. To explore the role of Bim in Chagas disease, we infected WT, Bim+/−, Bim−/− mice with trypomastigotes forms of the Y strain of T. cruzi. Strikingly, our data revealed that Bim−/− mice exhibit a delay in the development of parasitemia followed by a deficiency in the control of parasite load in the bloodstream and a decreased survival compared to WT and Bim+/− mice. At the peak of parasitemia, peritoneal macrophages of Bim−/− mice exhibit decreased NO production, which correlated with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory Small Peritoneal Macrophage (SPM) subset. A similar reduction in NO secretion, as well as in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6, was also observed in Bim−/− splenocytes. Moreover, an impaired anti-T. cruzi CD8+ T-cell response was found in Bim−/− mice at this time point. Taken together, our results suggest that these alterations may contribute to the establishment of a delayed yet enlarged parasitic load observed at day 9 after infection of Bim−/− mice and place Bim as an important protein in the control of T. cruzi infections.

scholarly journals Role of endothelin receptors in the control of central nervous system parasitism in Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 220 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene A. Rachid ◽  
Antônio L. Teixeira ◽  
Lucíola S. Barcelos ◽  
Conceição R.S. Machado ◽  
Egler Chiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Endothelin Receptors ◽  
Cruzi Infection

scholarly journals A Parasite Biomarker Set for Evaluating Benznidazole Treatment Efficacy in Patients with Chronic Asymptomatic Trypanosoma cruzi Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Egui ◽  
M. Carmen Thomas ◽  
Ana Fernández-Villegas ◽  
Elena Pérez-Antón ◽  
Inmaculada Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cruzi Infection

ABSTRACT One of the current greatest challenges of Chagas disease is the establishment of biomarkers to assess the efficacy of drugs in a short period of time. In this context, the reactivity of sera from 66 adults with chronic indeterminate Chagas disease (IND) for a set of four Trypanosoma cruzi antigens (KMP11, PFR2, HSP70, and 3973d) was analyzed before and after benznidazole treatment. The results showed that the reactivity against these antigens decreased at 9, 24, and 48 months after treatment. Moreover, the 42.4% and 68.75% of IND patients met the established standard criteria of therapeutic efficacy (STEC) at 24 and 48 months posttreatment, respectively. Meeting the STEC implied that there was a continuous decrease in the reactivity of the patient sera against the four antigens after treatment and that there was a substantial decrease in the reactivity for at least two of the antigens. This important decrease in reactivity may be associated with a drastic reduction in the parasite load, but it is not necessarily associated with a parasitological cure. After treatment, a positive PCR result was only obtained in patients who did not meet the STEC. The percentage of granzyme B+/perforin+ CD8+ T cells was significantly higher in patients who met the STEC than in those who did not meet the STEC (35.2% versus 2.2%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the patients who met the STEC exhibited an increased quality of the multifunctional response of the antigen-specific CD8+ T cells compared with that in the patients who did not meet the STEC.

scholarly journals Correction to: The role of fat on cardiomyopathy outcome in mouse models of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 1845-1845
Author(s):  
Paul Zaki ◽  
Elisa L. B. C. Domingues ◽  
Farhad M. Amjad ◽  
Maiara B. Narde ◽  
Karolina R. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Cytokine modulation, oxidative stress and thymic dysfunctions: Role of age-related changes in the experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Cytokine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela Pravato Colato ◽  
Vânia Brazão ◽  
Gabriel Tavares do Vale ◽  
Fabricia Helena Santello ◽  
Pedro Alexandre Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Cytokine Modulation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cruzi Infection ◽  
Age Related Changes

scholarly journals Role of CCL3/MIP-1α and CCL5/RANTES during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Roffê ◽  
Fabiano Oliveira ◽  
Adriano L.S. Souza ◽  
Vanessa Pinho ◽  
Danielle G. Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Cruzi Infection
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