scholarly journals Simultaneous Infection of Elaphostrongylus Nematode Species and Parasite Sharing between Sympatrically Occurring Cervids: Moose, Roe Deer, and Red Deer in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Magdalena Świsłocka ◽  
Mirosław Ratkiewicz ◽  
Anetta Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Simultaneous Infection

It is important to assess the distribution of parasite species across wildlife populations, to design strategies for game management and effective disease control in nature. In this project we quantified the prevalence of Elaphostrongylus species in eight moose populations. We used molecular methods for identification of parasite species and host individual genotypes from fecal samples. We also demonstrated sharing of parasite species between three cervid hosts sympatrically occurring in the Biebrza River valley, North-Eastern Poland, which is occupied by the largest autochthonous, non-harvested moose population in Central Europe. Nematode species from the genus Elaphostrongylus are ubiquitous in the studied moose populations. The presence of a single parasite species (e.g., E. alces) in moose individuals was more common than simultaneous infection with E. alces and E. cervi. The prevalence of both E. alces and E. cervi was higher in males than females. The distribution of E. alces and E. cervi prevalence in moose, roe deer, and red deer were in accordance with the membership of a host to a subfamily. Simultaneous occurrences of both Elaphostrongylus species were significantly more frequently noted in red deer fecal samples than those collected from moose or roe deer. Thus, we consider red deer to play a dominant role in sharing of those nematodes to other cervids. Our findings promote applications of molecular methods of identifying parasite species and the assessment of the exchange of parasite community between wild ruminant species in management and health monitoring of game animal populations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of endoparasites in roe and red deer from Strzałowo Forest Inspectorate (Puszcza Piska) in different study periods and in animals of different ages

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Żaneta Steiner ◽  
Marek Bogdaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Wild Deer

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of lungworms and gastrointestinal parasites in wild roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from Strzałowo Forest Inspectorate (Puszcza Piska) in different study periods and in animals of different ages. Fecal samples were collected during autumn and winter hunting (2011-2013). A total of 173 fecal samples were analyzed by coproscopic techniques: 47 from roe deer and 126 from red deer. First-stage larvae (L1) of pulmonary nematodes were found in 4 samples from roe deer and in 86 samples from red deer. The prevalence of the Eimeria genus was 19.2 % in roe deer and 25.4 % in red deer. The prevalence of the Moniezia genus in red deer was 1.6 %, whereas no Moniezia eggs were found in roe deer. No fluke eggs were detected in either red deer or roe deer. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 53.2 % in roe deer and 58.7 % in red deer. Coinvasion by endoparasites was detected in 69.8 % of red deer and in 57.4 % of roe deer. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of parasites in wild deer (Cervidae) in different study periods. This may suggest that the prevalence of endoparasites among roe deer and red deer in Strzałowo Forest Inspectorate remains stable.]

scholarly journals Effect of winter conditions on wild ungulates mortality in the Owl Mountains (Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Marcin Warchałowski ◽  
Piotr Nowakowski ◽  
Andrzej Dancewicz
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Animal Populations

Abstract Relations between climatic factors during the winter season (n days with frost <0oC and −10oC; n days with snow cover: >1 cm, >10 cm and >30 cm; maximum snow cover during season [cm]) and mortality in free-living ungulates (red deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758, roe deer Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758 and mouflon Ovis aries musimon Linnaeus, 1758) in the Owl Mountains (Lower Silesia – Poland) in years 1998–2010 were investigated. Significant effects of all analysed climatic factors on ungulates mortality were documented. Correlations (Pearson) between such weather factors as the depth of snow cover and number of days with frost and recorded mortality in total animal populations analysed ranged from r = 0.33 to r = 0.77. The least adapted to local weather conditions was mouflon introduced to this area ca. 100 years ago from more southern parts of Europe. Roe deer species seems to be environmentally plastic, and are doing quite well in severe winters. Tolerance of red deer to the snow cover is much lower at low temperatures due to the fact that this species, during the period of snow cover, has limited access to the plants covered with snow and difficult access to food base.

Long-term population dynamics of the red deer and European roe deer at the protected and not-protected areas in Mountain Crimea

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
V. N. Shmagol' ◽  
V. L. Yarysh ◽  
S. P. Ivanov ◽  
V. I. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Population Number ◽  
The Impact

<p>The long-term population dynamics of the red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em> L.) and European roe deer (<em>Capreolus</em> <em>capreolus</em> L.) at the mountain and forest zone of Crimea during 1980-2017 is presented. Fluctuations in numbers of both species are cyclical and partly synchronous. Period of oscillations in the population of red deer is about 25 years, the average duration of the oscillation period of number of roe deer is 12.3 years. During the fluctuations in the number the increasing and fall in population number of the red deer had been as 26-47 %, and roe deer – as 22-34 %. Basing on the dada obtained we have assumed that together with large-scale cycles of fluctuations in population number of both red deer and roe deer the short cycles of fluctuations in the number of these species with period from 3.5 to 7.5 years take place. Significant differences of the parameters of cyclical fluctuations in the number of roe deer at some sites of the Mountainous Crimea: breaches of synchronicity, as well as significant differences in the duration of cycles are revealed. The greatest deviations from the average values of parameters of long-term dynamics of the number of roe deer in Crimea are noted for groups of this species at two protected areas. At the Crimean Nature Reserve the cycle time of fluctuations of the numbers of roe deer was 18 years. At the Karadag Nature Reserve since 1976 we can see an exponential growth in number of roe deer that is continued up to the present time. By 2016 the number of roe deer reached 750 individuals at a density of 437 animals per 1 thousand ha. Peculiarity of dynamics of number of roe deer at some sites proves the existence in the mountain forest of Crimea several relatively isolated groups of deer. We assumed that "island" location of the Crimean populations of red deer and European roe deer, their relatively little number and influence of permanent extreme factors of both natural and anthropogenic origination have contributed to a mechanism of survival of these populations. The elements of such a mechanism include the following features of long-term dynamics of the population: the reduction in the period of cyclic population fluctuations, while maintaining their amplitude and the appearance of additional small cycles, providing more flexible response of the population to the impact of both negative and positive environmental factors. From the totality of the weather conditions for the Crimean population of roe deer the recurring periods of increases and downs in the annual precipitation amount may have relevance. There was a trend of increase in the roe deer population during periods of increasing annual precipitation.</p>

scholarly journals Morphometric and Molecular Analyses of Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 from Ruminants: Species Diversity or Host Influence?

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Anna Wyrobisz-Papiewska ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat ◽  
Paweł Nosal ◽  
Iwona Polak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Induced Changes

Ostertagia leptospicularis Assadov, 1953 was formally described in roe deer Capreolus capreolus and has been reported in a wide range of ruminants, including other Cervidae, as well as Bovidae. Nematode specimens derived from various host species exhibit morphological similarity; however, some differences can be observed. It is unclear if this is due to the differential reaction of one nematode species in different host species (i.e., host-induced changes) or because of distinct nematode species in these hosts (i.e., species complex). This paper focuses on specimens resembling O. leptospicularis f. leptospicularis and its closely related species (Ostertagia ostertagi f. ostertagi) collected from various hosts. Morphometric and molecular techniques were applied to assess host-induced changes in nematode morphology and to clarify its systematic classification. There was an overall effect of host species on measurements of nematodes resembling O. leptospicularis (both males and females), but the distinctiveness of the specimens from cattle Bos taurus were highlighted. The results obtained may suggest that the specimens of O. leptospicularis from cattle in Germany and cervids in central Europe belong to different strains. Furthermore, nematodes from the cervid strain appear to circulate within particular host species, which can be seen in the stated morphological variations.

scholarly journals Health-Promoting Properties of the Wild-Harvested Meat of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Anna Milczarek ◽  
Alina Janocha ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Michalina Zowczak-Romanowicz ◽  
Elżbieta Horoszewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Health Promoting

The present studies aimed to analyse and assess the health-promoting properties of the musculus semimembranosus (MS) of roe and red deer harvested in the wild. The experimental materials comprising the carcasses of roe deer (15 does and 15 bucks) and red deer (15 hinds and 15 stags) were selected for analysis based on the following criteria: age of animals at harvest—3–4 years; time that passed from the harvest of animals to carcass cutting—48–54 h. After chilling the carcasses for 24 h at +2 °C, the haunches were cut from the carcasses and transported to the laboratory in isothermal ice-packed containers. Samples of the musculus semimembranosus were analysed to determine the chemical composition (proximate components, energy value, Fe, Pb, Cd, fatty acids). More (p ≤ 0.05) dry matter and total protein and less (p ≤ 0.05) crude fat was found in the musculus semimembranosus of roe deer in comparison to red deer. No significant influence of the animal’s sex was observed in the content of the evaluated nutrients, apart from crude fat content, which was increased in the haunch of females from both species. The energy content in the muscle of roe deer was 10% higher than the energy value of MS in red deer (p ≤ 0.05). The content of iron was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (6.64 mg/kg) in the meat of red deer compared to the meat of roe deer (31.68 mg/kg). Roe deer haunch contained more lead but less cadmium than red deer haunch. Irrespective of sex, the lipid fraction of red deer muscle contained more saturated fatty acids (SFA). Intramuscular fat (IMF) in roe deer meat contained a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) index values were significantly lower in roe deer haunch, and the hypocholesterolaemic-to-hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio (HH) was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in red deer meat. To sum up, the evaluated roe deer and red deer haunch featured high dietary value as it contained a high protein and low fat content and had an advantageous fatty acids composition. As regards the content of cadmium and lead, roe deer and red deer haunch can be considered safe for consumers.

High red deer density depresses body mass of roe deer fawns

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Richard ◽  
Jean-Michel Gaillard ◽  
Sonia Saïd ◽  
Jean-Luc Hamann ◽  
François Klein
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Deer Density

Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rzewuska ◽  
Lucjan Witkowski ◽  
Agata A. Cisek ◽  
Ilona Stefańska ◽  
Dorota Chrobak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Wild Boars

Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bancerz-Kisiel ◽  
A. Szczerba-Turek ◽  
A. Platt-Samoraj ◽  
P. Socha ◽  
W. Szweda
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Virulence Markers ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Enterocolitica Infection

AbstractFree-living animals are an important environmental reservoir of pathogens dangerous for other animal species and humans. One of those is Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, the causative agent of yersiniosis - foodborne, enzootic disease, significant for public health. The purpose of the study was to identify bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) obtained during the 2010/2011 hunting season in north-eastern Poland. From among 48 rectal swabs obtained from 24 roe deer, two strains of Y. enterocolitica from one animal were isolated. Although both belonged to biotype 1A they were identified as different serotypes. The strain obtained from cold culture (PSB) belonged to serotype O:5, while the strain isolated from warm culture (ITC) was regarded as nonidentified (NI), what may suggest mixed infection in that animal. The presence of ystB gene, coding for YstB enterotoxin, directly related to Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity was detected in both strains using triplex PCR. The effect of the examination of 32 swabs obtained from 16 red deer was the isolation of two Y. enterocolitica strains from two different animals. Both belonged to biotype 1A with NI serotype, but were originated from different types of culture. They gave positive results in case of products of a size corresponding to the ystB gene. No amplicons corresponding to ail and ystA genes were found. Roe deer and red deer may carry and shed Y. enterocolitica, what seems to be important in aspect of an environmental reservoir of this pathogen. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from wild ruminants had the amplicons of the ystB gene, what suggest they can be potential source of Y. enterocolitica infection for humans

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in the cervids and feeding ticks from Lithuania

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Radzijevskaja ◽  
Justina Snegiriovaitė ◽  
Artūras Kibiša ◽  
Irma Ražanskė ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Msp4 Gene ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sequence Types

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a bacterial pathogen, which is a major cause of zoonotic disease, anaplasmosis. The main vectors of A. phagocytophilum are ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. A. phagocytophilum has a broad geographic distribution and a high degree of biological and clinical diversity. Epidemiological studies in multiple countries have shown that the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum highly depends on the density of ticks and their potential hosts such as the cervids, which are one of the main sources of nutrition for Ixodes ticks. In Lithuania, the cervids are important game animals but their contribution as reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum remains unknown. The objectives of the study were to investigate the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infections in the cervids and feeding ticks and to characterize the A. phagocytophilum strains obtained from the cervids and ticks based on sequence analysis of msp4 gene. A total of 187 ticks were collected from 44 cervids (roe deer, red deer, and moose) harvested by professional hunters during the hunting seasons of 2010–2013 and 2016–2017 in Lithuania. Blood and spleen samples were collected from 29 animals (27 roe deer and two red deer). A. phagocytophilum DNA was identified in ten (37.04%) of the 27 roe deer. The overall prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks was 39.3% (70/178) and 22.2% (2/9) respectively. The sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of A. phagocytophilum revealed nine different sequence types: five msp4 sequence types were detected in ticks and seven in roe deer.

scholarly journals The latest FAD – Faecal antibody detection in cattle. Protocol and results from three UK beef farms naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Cooke ◽  
K. A. Watt ◽  
E. R. Morgan ◽  
J. A. J. Dungait
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Immunological Protection

AbstractAntibodies at gastrointestinal mucosal membranes play a vital role in immunological protection against a range of pathogens, including helminths. Gastrointestinal health is central to efficient livestock production, and such infections cause significant losses. Fecal samples were taken from 114 cattle, across three beef farms, with matched blood samples taken from 22 of those animals. To achieve fecal antibody detection, a novel fecal supernatant was extracted. Fecal supernatant and serum samples were then analysed, using adapted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay protocols, for levels of total immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, IgM, andTeladorsagia circumcincta-specific IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE (in the absence of reagents for cattle-specific nematode species). Fecal nematode egg counts were conducted on all fecal samples. Assays performed successfully and showed that IgA was the predominant antibody in fecal samples, whereas IgG was predominant in serum. Total IgA in feces and serum correlated within individuals (0.581,P= 0.005), but other Ig types did not. Results support the hypothesis that the tested protocols are an effective method for the non-invasive assessment of cattle immunology. The method could be used as part of animal health assessments, although further work is required to interpret the relationship between results and levels of infection and immunity.

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