scholarly journals Seroreactivity to Coxiella burnetii in an Agricultural Population and Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii Infection in Ticks of A Non-Endemic Region for Q Fever in South Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337
Author(s):  
Jeong-Rae Yoo ◽  
Mi-Sun Kim ◽  
Sang-Taek Heo ◽  
Hyun-Joo Oh ◽  
Jung-Hwan Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Endemic Region

Coxiella burnetii infects humans and wild and domesticated animals. Although reported cases on Jeju Island, off the coast of South Korea, are rare, the region is considered to have a high potential for Q fever. We investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii in 230 farmers living in ten rural areas on Jeju Island between January 2015 and December 2019. Blood samples were collected and examined for C. burnetii Phase I/II IgM and IgG antibodies. Trained researchers collected ticks from rural areas. Clone XCP-1 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed to identify Coxiella species from the collected ticks. The overall seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii in farmers was 35.7%. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in fruit farmers. Of the collected ticks, 5.4% (19/351) of the Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks harbored C. burnetti. A high seroprevalence of antibodies to C. burnetii was observed in this region of Jeju Island, confirming that C. burnetti is endemic. Physicians should thus consider Q fever in the differential diagnosis of patients that present with acute fever after participating in outdoor activities.

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in sheep flocks in Kaduna State, Northwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaibu Gidado Adamu ◽  
Junaidu Kabir ◽  
Jarlath Udo Umoh ◽  
Mashood Abiola Raji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Q fever in sheep in the northern part of Kaduna State, Nigeria. This study aimed to determine Coxiella burnetii infection and its risk factors in sheep in Kaduna State. A total of 400 blood samples consisting of 259 samples from females and 141 from males were aseptically collected from the jugular vein of sheep from flocks in Kaduna State. The sera obtained were screened for Q fever using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The obtained data were analysed to determine whether there is a relationship between sex, age, and the animals tested. The analysis revealed that 8.0% of the sera was seropositive by iELISA. There was no significant difference in Q fever seropositivity in the study area according to the sex of sheep (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in Q fever seropositivity according to the age of sheep. This study indicated a high seroprevalence of Q fever mainly among female animals and older sheep. Further studies are required to determine the epizootiology of Q fever in the study area more precisely.

scholarly journals Seroreactivity and Risk Factors Associated with Coxiella burnetii Infection among Cattle Slaughterhouse Workers in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Hyuk Park ◽  
Seon Hwang ◽  
Dilaram Acharya ◽  
Seung Lee ◽  
Kyu Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Related Risk

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonotic disease that is an occupational hazard to people who work in close contact with animals or their carcasses. A nationwide serologic study among cattle slaughterhouse workers who were presumed to be at risk of having C. burnetii infection in South Korea was performed to investigate the seroreactivity of C. burnetii infection and identify related risk factors. Out of 1017 cattle slaughterhouse workers in South Korea, 923 (90.8%) participated in this cross-sectional study. Samples were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies against phase II C. burnetii via indirect immunofluorescence assay. The overall seroreactivity, defined as IgG or IgM antibody titer cutoffs ≥1:16, was 9.1% (84/923). Additionally, a significant association was found between the seroreactivity of C. burnetii infection and performing carcass evisceration work (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–4.03) in multivariate analysis. To diminish C. burnetii infection, cattle slaughterhouse workers need to take precautions during the evisceration process.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Q fever in small ruminants in the northeast Anatolian region in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 6522-2021
Author(s):  
PERIHAN SERIFOĞLU BAGATIR ◽  
BIRAY OKUMUS ◽  
EDIZ KAAN OZGEN ◽  
MUSTAFA ULUCAN ◽  
BERNA YANMAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Goat Population

The aim of our study was to determine the seroepidemiological profile of Q fever in small ruminants in Turkey and to examine its prevalence changes over the years. The study included 573 serum samples taken in 2013 and 472 samples taken in 2017 from animals in mixed herds of sheep and goats from 84 farms in Northeast Anatolia. Phase I and phase II IgG antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in serum samples were investigated by IDEXX ELISA (Q fever Ab Test IDEXX Laboratories, USA) indirect ELISA kits. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii IgG in Artvin, Gümüşhane and Iğdır provinces was 5.6% in sheep, 1.8% in goats and 4.5% in total in 2013. In contrast, it was 24.4% in sheep, 1.1% in goats and 20.1% in total in 2017. According to the total seroprevalence rates calculated by including both sheep and goat population, it was seen that the province with the highest seroprevalence change in these animals was Iğdır with a 7.3-fold increase. Herd-level seroprevalence was 29.4% in 2013 and 57.6% in 2017. According to these results, the C. burnetii IgG seroprevalence nearly doubled after four years. This increase has been evaluated as a major risk for animal and human health as well as for the livestock economy in Northeastern Anatolia, where animal husbandry is intense.

scholarly journals Real-time PCR Biochip for On-Site Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Ticks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Tai Truong ◽  
Bo-Ram Yun ◽  
Jiyeon Lim ◽  
Subin Min ◽  
Mi-Sun Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract Background: Q fever, a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, has adverse effects on public health. Ticks are the natural reservoirs of C. burnetii and they contribute to the transmission of the pathogen. A tool for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of C. burnetii from ticks is important for the prevention of Q fever. Methods: Ultra-rapid real-time PCR (UR-qPCR) as a chip-based real-time PCR system was developed for the detection of C. burnetii from ticks. The UR-qPCR system was established and evaluated for the rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity of C. burnetii detection. Results: C. burnetii was detected using UR-qPCR from 5,644 larval, nymphal, and adult ticks from 408 pools collected from livestock and epidemiologically linked environments in two provinces, Gangwon and Jeju, in Korea. Ticks from three species were identified; Haemaphysalis longicornis accounted for the highest number, present in 333 of 408 pools (81.62%), followed by Haemaphysalis flava in 62 pools (15.19%) and Ixodes nipponensis in 13 pools (3.19%). The rapidity and sensitivity of PCR detection was demonstrated with the sufficient amplification and detection of approximately 56 copies of C. burnetii DNA with only 20 min of PCR amplification. The kappa value for the diagnostic agreement between UR-qPCR and stationary qPCR was in perfect agreement (p = 1). PCR detection and sequencing indicated that C. burnetii was present in 5 of the 408 pools (1.23%), in which four pools contained H. longicornis and one pool contained H. flava. The infection rates of C. burnetii in the tick pools collected from Gangwon and Jeju Provinces were 1.70% and 0.58%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship between the detected C. burnetii and those originated from goats, humans, and ticks in different countries, such as USA, France, Germany, and Serbia. Conclusions: The results of this study could be important for the prevention and control of Q fever in the two provinces. The UR-qPCR with its features of mobility, sensitivity, and rapidity is helpful for constructing early alert systems in the field for C. burnetii in ticks and for alleviating the transmission and economic damage due to Q fever.

A new species of Trichoglossum (Geoglossales, Ascomycota) from South Korea

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 527 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
SEUNG-HAK LEE ◽  
PYEUNG-YEUL KO ◽  
KI-BEOM KOH ◽  
YONG-WOO JUN ◽  
YOUNG-JIN KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
A New Species

Herein, a new species of the genus Trichoglossum is described. The new species named as T. jejuense was collected from Jeju Island in Korea. It is distinguished from other Trichoglossum species by thick, 8-spored asci and 15–16 septate ascospores. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal RNA and morphological characteristics suggest that T. jejuense is a distinct species.

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) reservoir in wild brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations in the UK

Parasitology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Webster ◽  
G. Lloyd ◽  
D. W. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Brown Rat ◽  
Wild Rats ◽  
The Uk

Seroprevalence ofCoxiella burnetii, the causal agent of Q fever in humans, was examined in wild brown rat populations from 4 Oxfordshire farmsteads (n= 127), 9 Somerset homesteads (n= 98), and 1 captive enclosure (n= 88) in the UK. Seroprevalence ranged between 7 and 53%, the lowest being within the captive population and the highest on dairy farmsteads with sheep present. This is the first reported investigation ofC. burnetiiin wild rats outside India. We suggest that the high Seroprevalence among rats (i) provides evidence that wild rats constitute an important reservoir forC. burnetiiin the UK, and (ii) explains why cats, as frequent predators of rats, are so important in the epidemiology of this disease.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Q Fever in Lorestan Province Veterinary Staff Using IFA Method

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Soleimani ◽  
Amin Jaydari
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
History Of

Background: Q fever is caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. To date, no studies have been conducted on the rate of Q fever infection among the veterinary staff in Lorestan province. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of infection in the veterinary staff. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to July 2019 on 92 samples collected randomly from Lorestan province on veterinary staff who had a history of contact with livestock and were tested via indirect immunofluorescence kit. Results: In this study, 77 (83/69%) samples were positive, and 15 (16/3%) samples were negative. There were no statistically significant relationships between residence, contact with livestock, and work experience. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the high seroprevalence of a Q fever was observed among Veterinary staff, which further reveals the necessitates of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the disease in order to prevent unwanted complications in people in contact with livestock.

Q Fever (Coxiella Burnetii)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 509-521
Author(s):  
Pedro Pablo España ◽  
Ane Uranga ◽  
Catia Cillóniz ◽  
Antoni Torres
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Obligate Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Few Data

AbstractQ fever is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by the Coxiella burnetii bacterium. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen with a high infection capacity that proliferates exclusively in an acidified medium, forming a lysosome-like vacuole. It presents a peculiar phenomenon called “antigenic phase variation,” produced by a modification in the complexity of the membrane lipopolysaccharides. Q fever can be found worldwide and presents variable clinical features and geographical distribution. It mostly affects people in rural areas who are in contact with animals. The most common type of transmission to humans is via the inhalation of aerosols containing the pathogen, especially those formed from placental derivatives. Wild animals, domestic animals, and ticks are the principal reservoirs.Diagnosis is mainly made by indirect methods such as serology or by direct methods such as microbiological cultures or tests that detect the specific DNA. Typically, there are two clinical presentations: the acute disease, which is more frequent and often asymptomatic, and a persistent focalized infection in 4 to 5% of patients, generally with a poor evolution. Treatment of the acute form in both children and adults consists of administering doxycycline, while persistent focalized infection should be treated with at least two antibiotics, such as doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. Several measures should be undertaken to minimize exposure among people working with animals or handling birth products. Different vaccines have been developed to prevent infection, though few data are available.

Coxiella burnetii infection in a patient did not involve tick bite

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
changwoo kim ◽  
Choon Mee Kim ◽  
Na Ra Yun ◽  
Dong-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Serum Sample ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Igg Antibody

Abstract Background: Coxiella burnetii that causes Q fever in humans is transmitted through contaminated aerosols or consumption of raw milk from infected animals. Ticks are known to be vectors of C. burnetii, but their role in human infection is still controversial. Method: In this study, an epidemiological investigation was conducted on a 60-year-old man hospitalized with fever. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were performed on the blood sample of the patient and the four ticks collected from the patient to diagnose vector-borne infectious diseases. Indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) were performed on the serum sample to detect IgG and IgM antibodies specific to Q fever, spotted fever, Lyme disease, and anaplasmosis. Results: The ticks collected were identified as adult female Haemaphysalis longicornis. All PCRs performed on blood specimens yielded negative results, except for the Coxiella sp.-specific 16S rRNA nested PCR (N-PCR). Coxiella 16S rRNA N-PCR and sequencing results confirmed the presence of C. burnetii. IFA results indicated that the serum sample showed ≥ 4-fold increase in both IgM and IgG antibody titers against Q fever. PCR results were positive only for three ticks and showed the presence of C. endosymbiont. The phylogenetic tree showed that ticks had Coxiella-like bacteria and the patient had C. burnetii. The ticks carrying Coxiella-like bacteria were Haemaphysalis symbionts. Conclusions: Even though the patient and ticks were all positive to Coxiella sp.-specific 16S rRNA N-PCR, since different bacterial species were isolated from the patient and the ticks, we concluded that he was not infected with C. burnetii through tick bites.

scholarly journals High Coxiella burnetii seroconversion rate in veterinary students, the Netherlands, 2006-2010

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit M.A. de Lange ◽  
Wim van der Hoek ◽  
Peter M. Schneeberger ◽  
Arno Swart ◽  
Dick J. J. Heederik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Veterinary Students ◽  
Potential Risks

AbstractWe examined seroconversion rates by measuring IgG antibodies against Coxiella burnetii among two cohorts of veterinary students. During follow-up of 118 seronegative veterinary students, 23 students seroconverted. Although the clinical significance of the presence of antibodies is unknown, students should be informed about the potential risks of Q fever.

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