scholarly journals Zinc Deprivation as a Promising Approach for Combating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A Pilot Study

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1228
Author(s):  
Yomna A. Elhakim ◽  
Amal E. Ali ◽  
Alaa El-Dien M. S. Hosny ◽  
Nourtan F. Abdeltawab
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Zinc Levels

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a global health burden with an urgent need for antimicrobial agents. Studies have shown that host immune responses limit essential metals such as zinc during infection, leading to the limitation of bacterial virulence. Thus, the deprivation of zinc as an important co-factor for the activity of many S. aureus enzymes can be a potential antimicrobial approach. However, the effect of zinc deprivation on S. aureus and MRSA is not fully understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to dissect the effects of zinc deprivation on S. aureus hemolytic activity and biofilm formation through employing biochemical and genetic approaches to study the effect of zinc deprivation on S. aureus growth and virulence. Chemically defined media (CDM) with and without ZnCl2, was used to assess the effect of zinc deprivation on growth, biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity in methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) RN6390 and MRSA N315 strains. Zinc deprivation decreased the growth of RN6390 and N315 S. aureus strains significantly by 1.5–2 folds, respectively compared to the zinc physiological range encountered by the bacteria in the human body (7–20 µM) (p < 0.05). Zinc deprivation significantly reduced biofilm formation by 1.5 folds compared to physiological levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, the hemolytic activity of RN6390 and N315 S. aureus strains was significantly decreased by 20 and 30 percent, respectively compared to physiological zinc levels (p < 0.05). Expression of biofilm-associated transcripts levels at late stage of biofilm formation (20 h) murein hydrolase activator A (cidA) and cidB were downregulated by 3 and 5 folds, respectively (p < 0.05) suggested an effect on extracellular DNA production. Expression of hemolysins-associated genes (hld, hlb, hla) was downregulated by 3, 5, and 10 folds, respectively, in absence of zinc (p < 0.001). Collectively the current study showed that zinc deprivation in vitro affected growth, biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity of S. aureus. Our in vitro findings suggested that zinc deprivation can be a potential supportive anti-biofilm formation and antihemolytic approach to contain MRSA topical infections.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Essential Oils against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 730
Author(s):  
Nicolás Gómez-Sequeda ◽  
Marlon Cáceres ◽  
Elena E. Stashenko ◽  
William Hidalgo ◽  
Claudia Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Infections

The emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms represents a global challenge due to the lack of new effective antimicrobial agents. In this sense, essential oils (EOs) are an alternative to be considered because of their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofilm biological activities. Therefore, multiple efforts have been made to consider the potential use of EOs in the treatment of infections which are caused by resistant microorganisms. In this study, 15 EOs of both Colombian and introduced aromatic plants were evaluated against pathogenic strains of E. coli O157:H7 and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in planktonic and sessile states in order to identify relevant and promising alternatives for the treatment of microbial infections. Forty different compounds were identified in the 15 EO with nine of them constituted mainly by oxygenated monoterpenes (OM). EOs from Lippia origanoides, chemotypes thymol, and carvacrol, displayed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 (MIC50 = 0.9 and 0.3 mg/mL, respectively) and MRSA (MIC50 = 1.2 and 0.6 mg/mL, respectively). These compounds from EOs had also the highest antibiofilm activity (inhibition percentage > 70.3%). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), changes in the size and morphology of both bacteria were observed when they were exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations of L. origanoides EO carvacrol chemotype. EOs from L. origanoides, thymol, and carvacrol chemotypes represented a viable alternative for the treatment of microbial infections; however, the Selectivity Index (SI ≤ 3) indicated that it was necessary to study alternatives to reduce its in vitro cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Carvacrol Targets SarA and CrtM of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus to Mitigate Biofilm Formation and Staphyloxanthin Synthesis: An In Vitro and In Vivo Approach

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. 31100-31114
Author(s):  
Anthonymuthu Selvaraj ◽  
Alaguvel Valliammai ◽  
Pandiyan Muthuramalingam ◽  
Arumugam Priya ◽  
Manokaran Suba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

scholarly journals In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of crude Garlic (Allium Sativum) Extract Against Clinical Isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457
Author(s):  
Salma Osman Noorelhuda Mohammed ◽  
Nadir Musa Khalil Abuzeid ◽  
Sara Abdelghani ◽  
Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has gained significant health solicitude globallydue to its resistance to nearly almost antimicrobial agents, and garlic is one of nature's most powerful antibiotics that must be used as a pharmaceutical regimen. The current study aimed to determine the In-Vitro antibacterial efficacy of crude garlic extract against MRSA. Methods: The aqueous and 70% ethanol crude garlic (Alllium sativum)extract was prepared. Disc diffusion method was performed to assess the antimicrobial activity for100 clinical isolates of MRSA collected,The reference standard strain was Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Results: All MRSA strains assessed were significantly sensitive to 70% ethanolic extract at various concentrations range from 200 to 25%, exhibited inhibitory effects against clinical isolates and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) with the means of inhibition zones ranging from 17.76- 14.35 mm and 15-13 mm in length, while the aqueous extracts were less in both clinical isolates and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) ranging from 11.93-8.62 mm and 11-8 mm respectively, methanol and distilled water were not effected on growth. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that 70%ethanol extract of crude Allium sativum has significantly inhibitory effect on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is better than aqueous extract. This study does not undermine the value of antibiotic use, but instead the probability of using them in low dosage to minimize their negative consequences.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Vancapticin MCC5145 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Periprosthetic Joint Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Kyung Cho ◽  
Melissa J. Karau ◽  
Kerryl E. Greenwood-Quaintance ◽  
Karl A. Hansford ◽  
Matthew A. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

MRSA periprosthetic 1 joint infection (PJI) can be challenging to treat due to biofilm formation, alongside sometimes limited vancomycin activity (1-3).…

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